Department of Energy

Stored: Department of Energy

Department of Energy Type: Executive agency Parent organization: Executive Office of the President Top organization: Employees: 114000 Executive: Secretary of Energy Budget: $51.7 billion Address: 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585 Website: https://www.energy.gov Creation Legislation: Department of Energy Organization Act Wikipedia: Department of Energy

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Mission The mission of the Department of Energy (DOE) is to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions. This includes driving innovation in energy technologies, ensuring the nation's nuclear security, reducing the threat of global climate change, and promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy sources.

Services The DOE provides services that include funding and conducting research in basic and applied science, particularly related to energy and environmental issues; managing the nuclear weapons stockpile and nonproliferation activities; overseeing the nation's strategic petroleum reserves; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies; regulating the energy sector for security and reliability; cleaning up environmental contamination from nuclear weapons production sites; and fostering international cooperation on energy and climate issues.

Regulations The DOE oversees regulations related to energy conservation, nuclear safety, the disposal of nuclear waste, environmental restoration, energy efficiency standards for appliances and consumer products, and the dissemination of federal energy policies. It also sets guidelines for the operation of the National Laboratories, manages the nuclear security enterprise, enforces energy efficiency standards, and regulates aspects of energy production, particularly in nuclear energy.

"USDOE" redirects here. For the U.S. Department of Education, see United States Department of Education.

Department of Energy
File:Seal of the United States Department of Energy.svg
Seal of the U.S. Department of Energy
File:Flag of the United States Department of Energy.svg
Flag of the U.S. Department of Energy
File:US Dept of Energy Forrestal Building.jpg
James V. Forrestal Building, headquarter building named after James Forrestal
Agency Overview
Formed	August 4, 1977 (1977-08-04)
Preceding agencies	Federal Energy Administration (FEA) Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)
Jurisdiction	U.S. federal government
Headquarters	James V. Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Avenue Southwest, Washington, D.C., U.S.
Employees	14,382 federal civilian (2018) 93,094 contract (2008)
Annual budget	$31.7 billion (2020)
Agency Executives	Jennifer Granholm, Secretary David Turk, Deputy Secretary
Website
energy.gov

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production, the research and development of nuclear power, the military's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy-related research, and energy conservation.

The DOE was created in 1977 in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. It sponsors more physical science research than any other U.S. federal agency, the majority of which is conducted through its system of National Laboratories.. The DOE also directs research in genomics, with the Human Genome Project originating from a DOE initiative..

The department is headed by the secretary of energy, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the Cabinet. The department's headquarters are in southwestern Washington, D.C., in the James V. Forrestal Building, with additional offices in Germantown, Maryland.

History

Formation and consolidation

In 1942, during World War II, the United States started the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. After the war, in 1946, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was created to control the future of the project. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 also created the framework for the first National Laboratories. Among other nuclear projects, the AEC produced fabricated uranium fuel cores at locations such as Fernald Feed Materials Production Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 split the responsibilities of the AEC into the new Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which was charged with regulating the nuclear power industry, and the Energy Research and Development Administration, which was assigned to manage the nuclear weapon, naval reactor, and energy development programs.

The 1973 oil crisis called attention to the need to consolidate energy policy. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed into law the Department of Energy Organization Act, which established the Department of Energy. The new agency, which began operations on October 1, 1977, consolidated the Federal Energy Administration, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Federal Power Commission, and programs of various other agencies. Former Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger, who served under Presidents Nixon and Ford during the Vietnam War, was appointed as the first secretary.

President Carter proposed the Department of Energy with the goal of promoting energy conservation and energy independence, and developing alternative sources of energy to reduce the use of fossil fuels. With international energy's future uncertain for America, Carter acted quickly to have the department come into action the first year of his presidency. This was an extremely important issue of the time as the oil crisis was causing shortages and inflation. With the Three Mile Island accident, Carter was able to intervene with the help of the department. Through the DOE, Carter was able to make changes within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, including improving management and procedures, since nuclear energy and weapons are responsibilities of the department.

Loan guarantee program of 2005

In 2001, American Solar Challenge was sponsored by the DOE and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. After the 2005 race, the DOE discontinued its sponsorship.

Title XVII of Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorizes the DOE to issue loan guarantees to eligible projects that "avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases" and "employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued". In loan guarantees, a conditional commitment requires to meet an equity commitment, as well as other conditions, before the loan guarantee is completed.

In September 2008, the DOE, the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) partnered to develop and launch the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS), an international non-governmental organization designed to provide a forum to share best practices in strengthening the security and safety of nuclear and radioactive materials and facilities.

Organization

File:DOE Org Chart Feb 2022.png

Organizational chart of the US Department of Energy after the February 2022 reorganization

The department announced a reorganization with new names of under secretaries in 2022.

Program
Secretary of Energy	Deputy Secretary of Energy *Associate Deputy Secretary of Energy
	Assistant Secretary of Energy (International Affairs)
	Assistant Secretary of Energy (Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs)
	Office of the General Counsel
	Office of the Chief Financial Officer
	Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
	Energy Information Administration
	Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
	Enterprise Assessments
	Energy Policy and System Analysis
	Intelligence and Counterintelligence
	Public Affairs
	Office of Management
	Office of Project Management
	Chief Human Capital Officer
	Chief Information Officer
	Economic Impact and Diversity
	Hearings and Appeals
	Assistant Secretary of Energy (Environmental Management) *Legacy Management
	Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
Under Secretary for Science and Innovation	Arctic Energy Office
	Office of Critical and Emerging Technologies (CET)
	Assistant Secretary of Energy (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy)
	Assistant Secretary of Energy (Electricity)
	Assistant Secretary of Energy (Fossil Energy and Carbon Management)
	Assistant Secretary of Energy (Nuclear Energy)
	Office of Science
Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security	National Nuclear Security Administration
Under Secretary for Infrastructure	National Laboratory Operations Board
	Associate Under Secretary of Energy (Environment, Health, Safety and Security)
	Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations
	Office of Federal Energy Management Programs
	Grid Deployment Office
	Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response
	Indian Energy Policy and Programs
	Loan Programs Office
	Office of State and Community Energy Programs
	Bonneville Power Administration
	Southeastern Power Administration
	Southwestern Power Administration
	Western Area Power Administration

The department is under the control and supervision of a United States Secretary of Energy, a political appointee of the President of the United States. The Energy Secretary is assisted in managing the department by a United States Deputy Secretary of Energy, also appointed by the president, who assumes the duties of the secretary in the secretary's absence. The department also has three under secretaries, each appointed by the president, who oversee the major areas of the department's work. The president also appoints seven officials with the rank of Assistant Secretary of Energy who have line management responsibility for major organizational elements of the department. The Energy Secretary assigns their functions and duties.

Sub-Organizations

OrganizationName	Mission	Employees	Budget
Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy	To fund and accelerate high-potential, high-impact energy technologies that are too early for private sector investment. ARPA-E's mission is to reduce America's dependence on foreign energy sources, increase energy efficiency, and reduce energy-related emissions through transformative energy research and development.	120	$450 million (FY 2024)
Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy	ARPA-E advances high-potential, high-impact energy technologies that are too early for private-sector investment, aiming to radically improve U.S. economic prosperity, national security, and environmental well-being.	100	$470 million [2023 FY]
Albany Research Center	The Albany Research Center, now part of the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), focuses on materials research, particularly related to fossil energy systems. Its mission includes developing new materials for energy systems, improving energy efficiency, and addressing environmental impacts of energy production.	120	Part of NETL's budget, not specified individually.
Arctic Energy Office	Integrate Arctic priorities into Department of Energy initiatives for security, innovation, addressing energy, science, security challenges via collaboration
Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory	Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory is dedicated to the design, development, and testing of nuclear propulsion systems for the U.S. Navy's submarines and aircraft carriers. It aims to provide innovative nuclear reactor technology to ensure the Navy's nuclear fleet is both safe and reliable.	5,600	Part of DOE's budget for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, not specified individually.
Bonneville Power Administration	BPA markets wholesale electrical power from 31 federal hydroelectric dams in the Columbia River Basin, the Northwest's share of energy from the Columbia Generating Station, and operates an extensive transmission system. Its mission includes ensuring reliable, affordable power supply while protecting the environment and supporting regional economic development.	3,000	Approximately $4 billion in annual revenues [Fiscal Year not specified]
Chief Information Officer (Department of Energy)	To drive the Department of Energy towards a digital future by providing strategic leadership in IT and cybersecurity, ensuring the DOE has reliable, secure, and innovative information systems to support its mission.		Not publicly detailed for the specific CIO office, part of DOE's overall IT budget.
Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors	CASL developed simulation tools to enhance light water reactor safety and efficiency for nuclear power.		$252 million (Fiscal Years 2010-2020)
Consortium for Building Energy Innovation	To reduce energy use in small- and medium-sized commercial buildings through innovative retrofit solutions. It aimed to stimulate job creation and advance energy efficiency technologies across the U.S.		$129 million (2011-2016)
Consortium for Computational Physics and Chemistry	To enable and accelerate bioenergy technology development through computational science. It leverages high-performance computing and multi-scale modeling to advance biofuel research and industry solutions.
Energy Information Administration	To collect, analyze, and disseminate independent and impartial energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.	350	$125 million (FY 2022)
Federal Energy Management Program	FEMP works with federal agencies to meet energy-related goals, identify affordable solutions, facilitate public-private partnerships, and provide energy leadership to the country by identifying and leveraging government best practices. Its mission is to reduce energy costs and environmental impacts across the federal government while enhancing energy security.	100	$30 million (Fiscal Year 2024)
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission	To assist consumers in obtaining reliable, safe, secure, and economically efficient energy services at a reasonable cost through appropriate regulatory and market means. FERC regulates the interstate transmission of electricity, natural gas, and oil, as well as licensing hydropower projects and overseeing energy infrastructure projects.	1,500	$360 million (Fiscal Year 2023)
Federal Hydropower Coordinating Committee	Federal Hydropower Coordinating Committee optimizes hydropower and safety, advancing tech and stewardship for clean energy.
Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation	Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation speeds up energy tech development via partnerships, boosting DOE’s security mission.		$3.5 million initial appropriation (Fiscal Year 2024)
Green Button Alliance	Green Button Alliance promotes the Green Button standard for secure energy data access, aiding cost reduction and decarbonization.
Grid Deployment Office	The Grid Deployment Office (GDO) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) works to catalyze the development of new and upgraded electric infrastructure across the country, focusing on maintaining and investing in critical generation facilities, developing high-capacity electric transmission lines, and deploying innovative grid technologies to ensure a reliable, resilient, and modernized electricity grid.		Over $26 billion in funding
Hanford site	The Hanford Site’s environmental management mission is to safely clean up the radioactive and chemical contamination from decades of nuclear weapons production to protect human health and the environment. It aims to remediate the site’s legacy waste while enabling future land use and preserving the region’s ecological and cultural resources.	11,000	$3,013,000,000 (FY 2025)
Idaho National Laboratory	Idaho National Laboratory focuses on innovations in nuclear research, integrated energy systems, and security solutions to change the world's energy future and secure critical infrastructure. It is committed to advancing nuclear energy technology and exploring new ways to deliver sustainable, clean energy solutions.	5,700	Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's budget for national labs.
Institute for Industrial Decarbonization through Electrification of Process Heating	EPIXC Institute cuts industrial emissions with electrified heating tech, boosting efficiency and reducing carbon in manufacturing.		$70M initial federal funding
Institute for Reducing EMbodied-Energy And Decreasing Emissions	REMADE speeds U.S. shift to a Circular Economy with tech to cut energy use and emissions in material reuse and recycling.		$140M initial investment
International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility	International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility tests durable fusion reactor materials with neutron sources for energy goals.		$1.2 billion estimated (construction phase, as of 2023 projections)
Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis	Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis developed solar fuel tech for sustainable, carbon-neutral energy solutions.		$135 million (Fiscal Years 2010-2020)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research	The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research advanced scientific understanding and technologies for next-generation batteries beyond lithium-ion, targeting high energy density and low cost for transportation and grid applications. It aimed to deliver transformative energy storage solutions through integrated research and rapid innovation cycles.		$120 million (Fiscal Years 2012-2023)
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory	Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory focuses on the research, design, development, and testing of naval nuclear propulsion systems, supporting the U.S. Navy with advanced nuclear technology for submarines and aircraft carriers. It strives for excellence in nuclear engineering to ensure the safety, reliability, and performance of naval nuclear reactors.	5,600	Part of DOE's budget for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, not specified individually.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	LBNL conducts unclassified scientific research over a wide range of scientific disciplines with the goal of advancing scientific knowledge and addressing some of society's most pressing challenges, including energy, environmental, and health sciences.	4,000	Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's budget for national labs.
Loan Programs Office	The LPO's mission is to accelerate the deployment of innovative energy and transportation technologies by providing access to debt capital for projects that support clean energy, energy efficiency, and advanced transportation solutions, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote economic growth.
National Energy Technology Laboratory	NETL conducts research and develops solutions to advance the nation's energy portfolio, focusing on fossil energy, carbon management, and environmental sustainability. Its mission includes improving energy efficiency, reducing environmental impacts, and ensuring a secure and sustainable energy future.	1,200	Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management's budget.
National Energy Technology Laboratory	NETL conducts research and develops solutions to advance the nation's energy portfolio, focusing on fossil energy, carbon management, and environmental sustainability. Its mission includes improving energy efficiency, reducing environmental impacts, and ensuring a secure and sustainable energy future.	1,200	Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management's budget.
National Institute for Climate Change Research	Fund research on climate change impacts on ecosystems to inform national strategies.		$11 million (2007-2013)
National Laboratories	To conduct world-class research in science, technology, and engineering to address national needs in energy, security, and environmental stewardship; to advance fundamental science and develop innovative solutions.	40,000	$7.9 billion (FY 2023 for DOE Office of Science)
National Laboratory Operations Board	To strengthen the partnership between the Department of Energy and its National Laboratories through strategic oversight. It aims to enhance management and operational performance to effectively execute DOE’s missions.	3	$843,000 (FY 2018)
National Nuclear Security Administration	The NNSA enhances national security through the military application of nuclear science, maintaining the nuclear weapons stockpile, reducing global nuclear threats, providing naval nuclear propulsion, and managing nuclear and radiological emergency responses.	35,000	$20.5 billion (Fiscal Year 2024)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory	NREL advances the science and engineering of energy efficiency, sustainable transportation, and renewable power technologies. Its mission is to drive the transformation of the global energy system to one that is cleaner, more secure, and sustainable.	2,500	Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's budget for national labs.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory	NREL advances the science and engineering of energy efficiency, sustainable transportation, and renewable power technologies. Its mission is to drive the transformation of the global energy system to one that is cleaner, more secure, and sustainable.	2,500	Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's budget for national labs.
New Brunswick Laboratory	New Brunswick Laboratory provides nuclear materials reference and measurement services for U.S. government.		Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's budget for national labs.
Oak Ridge Reservation Environmental Management	The Oak Ridge Reservation Environmental Management leads the safe cleanup of environmental legacies from nuclear weapons development and energy research on the Oak Ridge Reservation. It aims to protect public health and the environment while enabling economic growth through land reuse.	50	$755,000,000 (FY 2024)
Office of Artificial Intelligence and Technology	AITO advanced AI for DOE’s energy, environmental, and security missions, ensuring ethical innovation.
Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations	The Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations (OCED) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is dedicated to delivering clean energy demonstration projects at scale in partnership with the private sector to accelerate deployment, market adoption, and the equitable transition to a decarbonized energy system. OCED focuses on scaling emerging technologies to tackle climate challenges and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.		Over $25 billion in funding
Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs (Department of Energy)	The OCIA serves as the Department of Energy's (DOE) primary liaison with Congress, state, local, and tribal governments, facilitating communication, coordination, and collaboration on legislative and policy matters. Its mission is to ensure DOE's legislative goals align with national energy priorities and to foster effective partnerships with various government entities.
Office of Critical and Emerging Technologies	Align DOE’s tech expertise in AI and quantum for U.S. prosperity and security innovation.
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response	CESER's mission is to secure the U.S. energy infrastructure against all hazards, including cyber, physical, and natural threats, ensuring the reliability and resilience of the energy sector. It focuses on developing policies, technologies, and response strategies to protect energy systems and support rapid recovery from disruptions.
Office of Electricity	Office of Electricity modernizes U.S. grid for reliability and clean energy integration.		Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's overall budget.
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy	EERE drives U.S. leadership in the research, development, validation, and effective utilization of energy technologies and processes, ensuring an integrated energy system that is affordable, reliable, resilient, secure, and clean. It aims to transition Americans to a 100% clean energy economy no later than 2050, ensuring the benefits reach all Americans.	1,100	$3.2 billion (Fiscal Year 2024)
Office of Energy Justice and Equity	EJE's mission is to identify and implement ways to ensure everyone has an opportunity to fully participate in the Department of Energy's (DOE) programs, opportunities, and resources, with a particular focus on advancing equity and justice in energy policy and practices.
Office of Energy Policy and System Analysis	Deliver unbiased energy policy analysis to DOE for efficient and secure energy strategies.		$31 million (FY 2016)
Office of Enterprise Assessments	Enhance DOE safety and cybersecurity via evaluations and training at the National Training Center.		$86.6 million (FY 2024)
Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security	Provide leadership for DOE worker and public safety, integrating health and security standards.		$252 million (FY 2024)
Office of Environment, Safety, and Health	The Office of Environment, Safety, and Health aims to ensure the health and safety of workers and the public, and the protection of the environment at the Department of Energy (DOE) facilities by setting policies, providing oversight, and implementing safety measures. It focuses on integrating environmental, safety, and health considerations into DOE operations.
Office of Environmental Management	To complete the safe cleanup of the environmental legacy brought about from five decades of nuclear weapons production and government-sponsored nuclear energy research; to protect human health and the environment.	11,000	$7.1 billion (FY 2023)
Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management	The Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) is committed to reducing emissions from fossil energy production and use, as well as key industrial processes, while ensuring U.S. energy security. Its mission is to support the transition towards a clean energy future by advancing carbon management technologies.	750
Office of Hearings and Appeals (Department of Energy)	Conduct fair DOE hearings and support dispute resolution for adjudicative matters.		$6.6 million (FY 2024)
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs	The Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs at the Department of Energy (DOE) is dedicated to maximizing the development and deployment of energy solutions for the benefit of American Indians and Alaska Natives, enhancing energy infrastructure, reducing energy costs, and promoting tribal energy self-sufficiency.		$50 million annually (authorized through 2030)
Office of Inspector General (Department of Energy)	DOE’s OIG ensures program efficiency and accountability, preventing fraud and waste.	250	$50 million (estimated annual budget)
Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence	To inform national security decisionmakers and mitigate threats to the DOE enterprise and U.S. energy security by providing unique scientific and technical intelligence expertise. The office aims to protect vital national security information and technologies.		Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's National Intelligence Program (NIP) and Military Intelligence Program (MIP) budgets.
Office of International Affairs	The OIA leads the Department of Energy's (DOE) international engagement to advance U.S. energy, climate, and security interests. Its mission is to foster international cooperation, promote U.S. energy technologies, and support global energy transitions towards sustainability.
Office of Legacy Management	DOE’s LM ensures post-closure site safety and manages stewardship and worker benefits.		Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's overall budget.
Office of Management (Department of Energy)	The Office of Management (MA) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provides leadership and management support to the department, ensuring effective administrative, procurement, and contract management services that support DOE's mission in energy, science, and national security.
Office of Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chains	MESC at DOE strengthens manufacturing and energy supply chains for clean energy and security.		Over $20 billion in direct investments
Office of Nuclear Energy	To advance nuclear energy science and technology to meet U.S. energy, environmental, and economic needs. This includes supporting the development of advanced nuclear reactors, fuel cycles, and maintaining U.S. leadership in nuclear energy technology.	700	$1.3 billion (Fiscal Year 2023)
Office of Policy	The Office of Policy leads the development and coordination of energy policy across the Department of Energy (DOE), ensuring alignment with national objectives for energy security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. It provides strategic policy analysis, guidance, and integration of cross-cutting issues.
Office of Project Management	Enhance DOE project execution with oversight and training for energy and security goals.		$9.7 million (FY 2024)
Office of Public Affairs (Department of Energy)	The Office of Public Affairs at the Department of Energy (DOE) is tasked with communicating the department's mission, activities, and achievements to the public, media, and other stakeholders. Its mission is to foster transparency, engage with communities, and promote public understanding of energy policy, science, and technology.
Office of River Protection	To safely retrieve and treat Hanford’s tank waste and close the Tank Farms. It protects the Columbia River by managing one of the world’s largest nuclear cleanup efforts.	2,600	$1.6 billion (FY 2024)
Office of Science	The Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is the nation’s largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences, driving scientific discovery and innovation. Its mission is to deliver scientific discoveries and major scientific tools to transform our understanding of nature and advance the energy, economic, and national security of the United States.	6,000	$7.4 billion (FY 2025)
Office of Scientific and Technical Information	OSTI collects, preserves, and disseminates the results of DOE-funded research and development activities to accelerate scientific discovery and technological innovation. Its mission is to advance science and sustain technological creativity by making R&D findings available and useful to DOE researchers and the public.	100
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (Department of Energy)	The OSDBU at the Department of Energy (DOE) is dedicated to maximizing opportunities for small businesses, including small disadvantaged, women-owned, service-disabled veteran-owned, and HUBZone businesses to participate in DOE's procurement process. Its mission is to foster an inclusive business environment that supports economic growth through innovation and diversity.
Office of State and Community Energy Programs	The Office of State and Community Energy Programs (SCEP) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) works with state and local organizations to significantly accelerate the deployment of clean energy technologies, catalyze local economic development, create jobs, reduce energy costs, and avoid pollution through place-based strategies involving a wide range of stakeholders.		Approximately $16 billion in grants and programs
Office of Technology Transitions	The Office of Technology Transitions (OTT) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is tasked with advancing the economic, energy, and national security interests of the United States by accelerating the commercialization of DOE-funded research and technologies. OTT works to bridge the gap between DOE's research capabilities and market needs, promoting innovation and technology transfer.
Office of the Chief Financial Officer (Department of Energy)	The Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO) at the Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for providing leadership in financial management, ensuring fiscal accountability, and supporting DOE's mission through effective budget formulation, execution, and financial oversight. It aims to promote transparency, efficiency, and integrity in all financial activities.
Office of the Chief Human Capital Officer (Department of Energy)	To strategically align DOE’s workforce with its missions through innovative human capital policies and programs. It aims to recruit, develop, and retain a skilled, diverse workforce to address energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges.		$27.5 million (FY 2024)
Office of the Chief Information Officer (Department of Energy)	The Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO) at the Department of Energy (DOE) enables the department's missions in energy, science, and nuclear security by harnessing information and technology, balancing risk with outcomes. OCIO leads IT modernization, data management, and cybersecurity across the DOE.
Office of the Deputy Secretary (Department of Energy)	The Office of the Deputy Secretary assists in leading the Department of Energy (DOE), providing strategic direction, managing operations, and overseeing the implementation of policies that advance energy security, scientific discovery, and environmental sustainability. It supports the Secretary in achieving the DOE's mission.
Office of the General Counsel (Department of Energy)	The Office of the General Counsel provides legal advice, counsel, and representation to the Department of Energy (DOE) to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, and to support the department's mission in energy, environmental, and national security matters. Its mission involves legal stewardship, policy formulation, and litigation management.
Office of the Secretary (Department of Energy)	DOE’s Office of the Secretary leads policy and management for national and energy security.
Pahute Mesa Airstrip	The Pahute Mesa Airstrip serves to support the operations and activities at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), particularly related to the testing and transport of materials, providing logistical support for nuclear and other scientific research missions.	0	Part of the NNSS operational budget, not specified individually.
Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory	RESL supports the U.S. Department of Energy’s environmental cleanup by ensuring accurate, reliable radiological and environmental sample data for protection and compliance.		Part of DOE Idaho Operations Office budget, not specified individually.
Savannah River National Laboratory	SRNL applies science and engineering to solve challenging problems in national security, environmental stewardship, and clean energy. It develops practical, high-value, cost-effective solutions for complex technical issues facing the DOE and the nation.	1,100	Not publicly detailed for specific years, part of DOE's budget for national labs.
Savannah River Site	SRS's mission includes managing nuclear materials, environmental cleanup, and research, focusing on national security through the production of tritium, nuclear materials management, and environmental stewardship.	10,000
Secretary of Energy Advisory Board	SEAB advises the U.S. Secretary of Energy on policy, research, and security to enhance sustainable energy, science, and security efforts.
Southeastern Power Administration	SEPA markets hydroelectric power from 22 reservoirs, delivering low-cost electricity to public bodies while prioritizing business and environmental goals.		Annual revenue around $200 million [2009]
Southwestern Power Administration	SWPA markets hydroelectric power from 24 dams, delivering reliable, cost-based electricity to public bodies with integrity and environmental responsibility.		Annual revenue around $250 million [2011]
Supply Chain Management Center	To simplify the purchasing process for Department of Energy (DOE) contractors, enabling cost savings and operational efficiencies; to develop strategic supply chain agreements that leverage collective buying power.
Western Area Power Administration	To market and deliver clean, renewable, reliable, cost-based federal hydroelectric power and related services to preference customers across 15 states in the central and western U.S.	1,500	$1 billion (Annual revenue)
Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository	The Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository was intended to serve as the United States' first deep geological repository for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, aiming to safely and securely isolate this waste from the environment for thousands of years.	0	Funding ceased; previously allocated millions annually, with a total of nearly $15 billion spent over the project's lifetime.

Symbolism in the seal

Excerpt from the Code of Federal Regulations, in Title 10: Energy:

The official seal of the Department of Energy "includes a green shield bisected by a gold-colored lightning bolt, on which is emblazoned a gold-colored symbolic sun, atom, oil derrick, windmill, and dynamo. It is crested by the white head of an eagle, atop a white rope. Both appear on a blue field surrounded by concentric circles in which the name of the agency, in gold, appears on a green background."

"The eagle represents the care in planning and the purposefulness of efforts required to respond to the Nation's increasing demands for energy. The sun, atom, oil derrick, windmill, and dynamo serve as representative technologies whose enhanced development can help meet these demands. The rope represents the cohesiveness in the development of the technologies and their link to our future capabilities. The lightning bolt represents the power of the natural forces from which energy is derived and the Nation's challenge in harnessing the forces."

"The color scheme is derived from nature, symbolizing both the source of energy and the support of man's existence. The blue field represents air and water, green represents mineral resources and the earth itself, and gold represents the creation of energy in the release of natural forces. By invoking this symbolism, the color scheme represents the Nation's commitment to meet its energy needs in a manner consistent with the preservation of the natural environment."

Facilities

The Department of Energy operates a system of national laboratories and technical facilities for research and development, as follows:

• Ames National Laboratory
• Argonne National Laboratory
• Brookhaven National Laboratory
• Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
• Idaho National Laboratory
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• Los Alamos National Laboratory
• National Energy Technology Laboratory
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
• Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
• Savannah River National Laboratory
• DOE/SNL Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility
• SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
• Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

• Albany Research Center
• Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory – under NNSA designs/develops nuclear-powered propulsion for the U.S. Navy
• Kansas City National Security Campus
• Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory – under NNSA designs/develops nuclear-powered propulsion for the U.S. Navy
• National Petroleum Technology Office
• Nevada National Security Site
• New Brunswick Laboratory
• Office of Fossil Energy
• Office of River Protection
• Pantex Plant
• Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory
• Savannah River Site—separate from Savannah River National Laboratory
• Y-12 National Security Complex
• Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository

Other major DOE facilities include:

Airstrip:

• Pahute Mesa Airstrip – Nye County, Nevada, part of Nevada National Security Site

Nuclear weapons sites

File:Wfm area51 map en.png

A map that details the federal land in southern Nevada, showing Nevada Test Site

The DOE/NNSA has federal responsibility for the design, testing and production of all nuclear weapons. NNSA in turn uses contractors to carry out its responsibilities at the following government owned sites:

• Research, development, and manufacturing guidance: Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• Engineering of the non-nuclear components and system integration: Sandia National Laboratories
• Manufacturing of key components: The Kansas City Plant, Savannah River Site and Y-12 National Security Complex.
• Testing: Nevada Test Site
• Final weapon and warhead assembling and dismantling: Pantex

Related legislation

Sign in front of the United States Department of Energy Forrestal Building on 1000 Independence Avenue in Washington D.C.

• 1920 – Federal Power Act
• 1935 – Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935
• 1946 – Atomic Energy Act PL 79-585 (created the Atomic Energy Commission) [Superseded by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954]
• 1954 – Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as Amended PL 83-703
• 1956 – Colorado River Storage Project PL 84-485
• 1957 – Atomic Energy Commission Acquisition of Property PL 85-162
• 1957 – Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act PL 85-256
• 1968 – Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act PL 90-481
• 1973 – Mineral Leasing Act Amendments (Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline Authorization) PL 93-153
• 1974 – Energy Reorganization Act PL 93-438 (Split the AEC into the Energy Research and Development Administration and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission)
• 1975 – Energy Policy and Conservation Act PL 94-163
• 1977 – Department of Energy Organization Act PL 95-91 (Dismantled ERDA and replaced it with the Department of Energy)
• 1978 – National Energy Act PL 95-617, 618, 619, 620, 621
• 1980 – Energy Security Act PL 96-294
• 1989 – Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act PL 101-60
• 1992 – Energy Policy Act of 1992 PL 102-486
• 2000 – National Nuclear Security Administration Act PL 106-65
• 2005 – Energy Policy Act of 2005 PL 109-58
• 2007 – Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 PL 110-140
• 2008 – Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 PL 110-234

Budget

On May 7, 2009 President Barack Obama unveiled a $26.4 billion budget request for DOE for fiscal year (FY) 2010, including $2.3 billion for the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). That budget aimed to substantially expand the use of renewable energy sources while improving energy transmission infrastructure. It also proposed significant investments in hybrids and plug-in hybrids, smart grid technologies, and scientific research and innovation.

As part of the $789 billion economic stimulus package in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Congress provided Energy with an additional $38.3 billion for fiscal years 2009 and 2010, adding about 75 percent to Energy's annual budgets. Most of the stimulus spending was in the form of grants and contracts. For fiscal year 2013, each of the operating units of the Department of Energy operated with the following budgets:

Division	Funding
Nuclear Security	$11.5
Energy and Environment	$9.5
Science	$4.9
Management	$0.25
Other	$0.85
Total	$28

In March 2018, Energy Secretary Rick Perry testified to a Senate panel about the Trump administration's DOE budget request for fiscal year 2019. The budget request prioritized nuclear security while making large cuts to energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. The proposal was a $500 million increase in funds over fiscal year 2017. It "promotes innovations like a new Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) and gains for the Office of Fossil Energy. Investments would be made to strengthen the National Nuclear Security Administration and modernize the nuclear force, as well as in weapons activities and advanced computing." However, the budget for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy would be lowered to $696 million under the plan, down from $1.3 billion in fiscal year 2017. Overall, the department's energy and related programs would be cut by $1.9 billion.

Programs and contracts

Energy Savings Performance Contract

Main article: Energy Savings Performance Contract

Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) are contracts under which a contractor designs, constructs, and obtains the necessary financing for an energy savings project, and the federal agency makes payments over time to the contractor from the savings in the agency's utility bills. The contractor guarantees the energy improvements will generate savings, and after the contract ends, all continuing cost savings accrue to the federal agency.

Energy Innovation Hubs

Energy Innovation Hubs are multi-disciplinary, meant to advance highly promising areas of energy science and technology from their early stages of research to the point that the risk level will be low enough for industry to commercializeTemplate:Dubious the technologies. The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) was the first DOE Energy Innovation Hub established in July 2010, for the purpose of providing advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) solutions for commercial nuclear reactors.

The 2009 DOE budget includes $280 million to fund eight Energy Innovation Hubs, each of which is focused on a particular energy challenge. Two of the eight hubs are included in the EERE budget and will focus on integrating smart materials, designs, and systems into buildings to better conserve energy and on designing and discovering new concepts and materials needed to convert solar energy into electricity. Another two hubs, included in the DOE Office of Science budget, were created to tackle the challenges of devising advanced methods of energy storage and creating fuels directly from sunlight without the use of plants or microbes. Yet another hub was made to develop "smart" materials to allow the electrical grid to adapt and respond to changing conditions.

In 2012, the DOE awarded $120 million to the Ames Laboratory to start a new EIH, the Critical Materials Institute, which will focus on improving the supply of rare earth elements.

Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

See also: ARPA-E

ARPA-E was officially created by the America COMPETES Act , authored by Congressman Bart Gordon, within the United States Department of Energy (DOE) in 2007, though without a budget. The initial budget of about $400 million was a part of the economic stimulus bill of February 2009.

Other

• DOE Isotope Program - coordinates isotope production
• Federal Energy Management Program
• Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation - a 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to supporting DOE research
• Fusion Energy Sciences - a program to research nuclear fusion, with a yearly budget in 2020 of $670 million, with $250 million of that going to ITER
• GovEnergy - an annual event partly sponsored by the DOE
• Grid Deployment Office - a division dedicated to spreading adoption of grid-enhancing technologies and improving transmission permitting
• National Science Bowl - a high school and middle school science knowledge competition
• Solar Decathlon - a international collegiate competition to design and build solar-powered houses
• State Energy Program
• Weatherization Assistance Program

List of secretaries of energy

Main article: United States Secretary of Energy

#	Name	Term		President served
		Start	End
1	James R. Schlesinger	August 6, 1977	August 23, 1979	Jimmy Carter
2	Charles W. Duncan, Jr.	August 54, 1979	January 20, 1981
3	James B. Edwards	January 23, 1981	November 5, 1982	Ronald Reagan
4	Donald Paul Hodel	November 5, 1982	February 7, 1985
5	John S. Herrington	February 7, 1985	January 20, 1989
6	James D. Watkins	March 1, 1989	January 20, 1993	George H. W. Bush
7	Hazel R. O'Leary	January 22, 1993	January 20, 1997	Bill Clinton
8	Federico F. Peña	March 12, 1997	June 30, 1998
9	Bill Richardson	August 18, 1998	January 20, 2001
10	Spencer Abraham	January 22, 2001	January 31, 2005	George W. Bush
11	Samuel W. Bodman	February 1, 2005	January 20, 2009
12	Steven Chu	January 21, 2009	April 22, 2013	Barack Obama
13	Ernest Moniz	May 16, 2013	January 20, 2017
14	Rick Perry	March 2, 2017	December 1, 2019	Donald Trump
15	Dan Brouillette	December 4, 2019	January 20, 2021
16	Jennifer Granholm	February 25, 2021	Incumbent	Joe Biden

See also

• Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
• National Council on Electricity Policy
• United States federal executive departments

Further reading

• Cumming, Alfred (February 9, 2009). "Polygraph Use by the Department of Energy: Issues for Congress". https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL31988.pdf. 

External links

• Department of Energy in the Federal Register
• Department of Energy on USAspending.gov
• Template:Librivox author
• Advanced Energy Initiative
• Twenty In Ten