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Much of South Dakota (except for the Black Hills area) is dominated by a temperate [[grassland]] biome.<ref>{{cite web| title = A Short Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes | publisher=nearctica.com | access-date =September 22, 2007 | url = http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biointro.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020341/http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biointro.htm<!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date =September 28, 2007}}</ref> Although grasses and crops cover most of this region, [[deciduous]] trees such as [[Populus sect. Aegiros|cottonwoods]], elms, and [[willow]]s are common near rivers and in [[shelter belt]]s.<ref>{{cite web | title = South Dakota Flora | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/flora1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001164057/http://www.northern.edu/natsource/flora1.htm | archive-date = October 1, 2007 }}</ref>
Much of South Dakota (except for the Black Hills area) is dominated by a temperate [[grassland]] biome.<ref>{{cite web| title = A Short Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes | publisher=nearctica.com | access-date =September 22, 2007 | url = http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biointro.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020341/http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biointro.htm<!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date =September 28, 2007}}</ref> Although grasses and crops cover most of this region, [[deciduous]] trees such as [[Populus sect. Aegiros|cottonwoods]], elms, and [[willow]]s are common near rivers and in [[shelter belt]]s.<ref>{{cite web | title = South Dakota Flora | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/flora1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001164057/http://www.northern.edu/natsource/flora1.htm | archive-date = October 1, 2007 }}</ref>
[[Mammals]] in this area include [[American bison|bison]], [[deer]], [[pronghorn]], [[coyotes]], and [[prairie dog]]s.<ref name=SDFauna>{{cite web | title = South Dakota Fauna | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/fauna1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051320/http://northern.edu/natsource/fauna1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref> The state bird, the [[common pheasant|ring-necked pheasant]], has adapted well to the area after being introduced from [[China]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Ring-Necked Pheasant | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/BIRDS/Ringne1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051301/http://northern.edu/natsource/BIRDS/Ringne1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref> Growing populations of [[bald eagle]]s are spread throughout the state, especially near the [[Missouri River]].<ref>Hetland, Cara. "South Dakota bald eagles make a comeback" [http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/02/07/sdeaglesuccess/ Publicradio.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051544/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/02/07/sdeaglesuccess/ |date=October 15, 2007 }} [[Minnesota Public Radio]]. February 8, 2007. (accessed September 22, 2007).</ref> Rivers and lakes of the grasslands support populations of [[walleye]], [[carp]], [[Pike (fish)|pike]], [[bass (fish)|bass]], and other species.<ref name=SDFauna/> The Missouri River also contains the pre-historic [[American paddlefish|paddlefish]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Paddlefish | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/ENDANG1/Paddle1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051309/http://northern.edu/natsource/ENDANG1/Paddle1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref>
[[Mammals]] in this area include [[American bison|bison]], [[deer]], [[pronghorn]], [[coyotes]], and [[prairie dog]]s.<ref name=SDFauna>{{cite web | title = South Dakota Fauna | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/fauna1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051320/http://northern.edu/natsource/fauna1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref> The state bird, the [[common pheasant|ring-necked pheasant]], has adapted well to the area after being introduced from China.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ring-Necked Pheasant | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/BIRDS/Ringne1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051301/http://northern.edu/natsource/BIRDS/Ringne1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref> Growing populations of [[bald eagle]]s are spread throughout the state, especially near the [[Missouri River]].<ref>Hetland, Cara. "South Dakota bald eagles make a comeback" [http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/02/07/sdeaglesuccess/ Publicradio.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051544/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/02/07/sdeaglesuccess/ |date=October 15, 2007 }} [[Minnesota Public Radio]]. February 8, 2007. (accessed September 22, 2007).</ref> Rivers and lakes of the grasslands support populations of [[walleye]], [[carp]], [[Pike (fish)|pike]], [[bass (fish)|bass]], and other species.<ref name=SDFauna/> The Missouri River also contains the pre-historic [[American paddlefish|paddlefish]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Paddlefish | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/ENDANG1/Paddle1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051309/http://northern.edu/natsource/ENDANG1/Paddle1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref>


Due to a higher elevation and level of precipitation, the Black Hills ecology differs significantly from that of the plains.<ref>[http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nrs005.pdf "South Dakota's Forest Resources". Piva, R.; Haugan, D.; Josten, G.; Brand, G.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312234431/http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nrs005.pdf |date=March 12, 2009 }} (U.S. Department of Interior. ''Forest Service Resource Bulletin''. 2007)</ref> The mountains are thickly blanketed by various types of [[pine]]s, including [[Ponderosa pine|ponderosa]] and [[Pinus contorta|lodgepole pines]], as well as [[spruces]].<ref name=Thompson31>Thompson (ed.), p. 31.</ref> Black Hills mammals include [[deer]], [[elk|elk (wapiti)]], [[bighorn sheep]], [[mountain goat]]s, [[American marten|pine marten]], and [[mountain lion]]s, while the streams and lakes contain several species of [[trout]].<ref name=Thompson31/><ref>{{cite web | title = Deer | publisher = [[South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks]] | access-date = January 23, 2016 | url = http://gfp.sd.gov/hunting/big-game/deer/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130014243/http://gfp.sd.gov/hunting/big-game/deer/ | archive-date = January 30, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Fishing | publisher = [[Black Hills National Forest]] | access-date = January 27, 2016 | url = http://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/blackhills/recreation/fishing | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204072932/http://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/blackhills/recreation/fishing | archive-date = February 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Due to a higher elevation and level of precipitation, the Black Hills ecology differs significantly from that of the plains.<ref>[http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nrs005.pdf "South Dakota's Forest Resources". Piva, R.; Haugan, D.; Josten, G.; Brand, G.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312234431/http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nrs005.pdf |date=March 12, 2009 }} (U.S. Department of Interior. ''Forest Service Resource Bulletin''. 2007)</ref> The mountains are thickly blanketed by various types of [[pine]]s, including [[Ponderosa pine|ponderosa]] and [[Pinus contorta|lodgepole pines]], as well as [[spruces]].<ref name=Thompson31>Thompson (ed.), p. 31.</ref> Black Hills mammals include [[deer]], [[elk|elk (wapiti)]], [[bighorn sheep]], [[mountain goat]]s, [[American marten|pine marten]], and [[mountain lion]]s, while the streams and lakes contain several species of [[trout]].<ref name=Thompson31/><ref>{{cite web | title = Deer | publisher = [[South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks]] | access-date = January 23, 2016 | url = http://gfp.sd.gov/hunting/big-game/deer/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130014243/http://gfp.sd.gov/hunting/big-game/deer/ | archive-date = January 30, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Fishing | publisher = [[Black Hills National Forest]] | access-date = January 27, 2016 | url = http://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/blackhills/recreation/fishing | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204072932/http://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/blackhills/recreation/fishing | archive-date = February 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref>
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