Maryland: Difference between revisions

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 [[African Americans in Maryland|African Americans]] form a sizable portion of the state's population, 31.1% as of 2020.<ref name="census.gov" /> Most are descendants of people transported to the area as slaves from West Africa. Concentrations of African Americans live in [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore City]], [[Prince George's County, Maryland|Prince George's County]], [[Charles County, Maryland|Charles County]], western parts of [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore County]], and the southern Eastern Shore. Charles County and Prince George's County are the two counties where African Americans are the most successful monetarily in the country, with average household incomes much higher than in the rest of the country. As a former slave state, Maryland has had a large African-American population for much of its history; African American populations have increased over time with the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] to the D.C. and Baltimore areas, and in more recent times with the [[New Great Migration]] and with movement out from Washington D.C. into Montgomery, Prince George's, and Charles counties, as a result of gentrification and rising housing costs in D.C. causing many African Americans to leave. Prince George's County in particular has been a magnet for African Americans from D.C. to move to for decades; it is often referred to as "Ward 9" of D.C.
-Maryland has by far the highest percentage of residents born in Africa out of any state; residents of African descent include 20th-century and later immigrants from [[Nigerian American|Nigeria]], particularly of the [[Igbo American|Igbo]] and [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] tribes; [[Ethiopia]], particularly [[Amhara people|Amharas]] with significant [[Oromo people|Oromo]] and [[Tigrayans|Tigrayan]] populations; [[Cameroon]], [[Ghana]], [[Sierra Leone]], and [[Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Regions/maryland.pdf |title=Languages in Maryland |quote=Prince George's County has the highest percentage of Kru/Ibo/Yoruba speakers of any county in the nation. |publisher=U.S. English Foundation, Inc |access-date=May 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073348/http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Regions/maryland.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref> Maryland also hosts populations from other African and [[West Indian American|Caribbean]] nations. Maryland's African immigrant population is generally well-educated and is most concentrated in the inner suburbs of Baltimore and D.C. Nigerians are the fourth-largest immigrant group in Maryland, and are largely concentrated in the Baltimore area and surrounding suburbs, as well as Prince George's county. Many immigrants from the [[Horn of Africa]], especially [[Ethiopia]], have settled in Maryland, with large communities in the suburbs of Washington, D.C., particularly in Montgomery and Prince George's counties. The [[Washington metropolitan area]] has the world's largest population of [[Ethiopians in Washington, D.C.|Ethiopians]] outside of Ethiopia.<ref name="Westley">*Westley, Brian. [http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2005-10-17-little-ethiopia_x.htm Washington: "Nation's Largest Ethiopian Community Carves Niche"]. ( {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092450/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2005-10-17-little-ethiopia_x.htm |date=March 4, 2016 }}). ''[[USA Today]]''. [[Associated Press]]. October 17, 2005.
+Maryland has by far the highest percentage of residents born in Africa out of any state; residents of African descent include 20th-century and later immigrants from [[Nigerian American|Nigeria]], particularly of the [[Igbo American|Igbo]] and [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] tribes; [[Ethiopia]], particularly [[Amhara people|Amharas]] with significant [[Oromo people|Oromo]] and [[Tigrayans|Tigrayan]] populations; [[Cameroon]], [[Ghana]], [[Sierra Leone]], and [[Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Regions/maryland.pdf |title=Languages in Maryland |quote=Prince George's County has the highest percentage of Kru/Ibo/Yoruba speakers of any county in the nation. |publisher=U.S. English Foundation, Inc |access-date=May 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073348/http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Regions/maryland.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref> Maryland also hosts populations from other African and [[West Indian American|Caribbean]] nations. Maryland's African immigrant population is generally well-educated and is most concentrated in the inner suburbs of Baltimore and D.C. Nigerians are the fourth-largest immigrant group in Maryland, and are largely concentrated in the Baltimore area and surrounding suburbs, as well as Prince George's county. Many immigrants from the [[Horn of Africa]], especially [[Ethiopia]], have settled in Maryland, with large communities in the suburbs of Washington, D.C., particularly in Montgomery and Prince George's counties. The [[Washington metropolitan area]] has the world's largest population of [[Ethiopians in Washington, D.C.|Ethiopians]] outside of Ethiopia.<ref name="Westley">*Westley, Brian. [http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2005-10-17-little-ethiopia_x.htm Washington: "Nation's Largest Ethiopian Community Carves Niche"]. ( {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092450/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2005-10-17-little-ethiopia_x.htm |date=March 4, 2016 }}). ''[[USA Today]]''. Associated Press. October 17, 2005.
 *[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=20051023&id=QJ8fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wNUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2838,7708640 "Washington: Nation's Largest Ethiopian Community Carves Niche"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154904/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=20051023&id=QJ8fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wNUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2838%2C7708640 |date=February 20, 2021 }}. ''[[The Southeast Missourian]]''. ''Associated Press''. October 23, 2005. p. 7C. Retrieved August 25, 2018.</ref> The Ethiopian community of Greater D.C. was historically based in the [[Adams Morgan]] and [[Shaw, Washington, D.C.|Shaw]] neighborhoods of Washington, D.C., but as the community has grown, many Ethiopians have settled in [[Silver Spring, Maryland|Silver Spring]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ggwash.org/view/39188/dcs-little-ethiopia-has-moved-to-silver-spring-and-alexandria |title=DC's 'Little Ethiopia' has moved to Silver Spring and Alexandria |publisher=Greater Greater Washington |access-date=August 25, 2018 |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223146/https://ggwash.org/view/39188/dcs-little-ethiopia-has-moved-to-silver-spring-and-alexandria |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ethiopian American population in Maryland and the rest of the D.C. area is largely [[Amharic]]-speaking, but there are significant numbers of speakers of [[Oromo language|Oromo]] and [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]] speakers as well. The Washington metropolitan area is also home to a large [[Eritrean Americans|Eritrean]] community.