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Maryland: Difference between revisions
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{{Main|Penn–Calvert Boundary Dispute|Cresap's War}} | {{Main|Penn–Calvert Boundary Dispute|Cresap's War}} | ||
[[File:1732 map of Maryland.jpg|thumb|A 1732 map of Maryland<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghostsofbaltimore.org/2014/03/04/lord-baltimores-map-maryland-1732/|title=Lord Baltimore's Map of Maryland in 1732|last=Tom|date=March 4, 2014|website=Ghosts of Baltimore|access-date=February 24, 2019|archive-date=February 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225044819/https://ghostsofbaltimore.org/2014/03/04/lord-baltimores-map-maryland-1732/|url-status=live}}</ref>]] | [[File:1732 map of Maryland.jpg|thumb|A 1732 map of Maryland<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghostsofbaltimore.org/2014/03/04/lord-baltimores-map-maryland-1732/|title=Lord Baltimore's Map of Maryland in 1732|last=Tom|date=March 4, 2014|website=Ghosts of Baltimore|access-date=February 24, 2019|archive-date=February 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225044819/https://ghostsofbaltimore.org/2014/03/04/lord-baltimores-map-maryland-1732/|url-status=live}}</ref>]] | ||
The royal charter granted Maryland the land north of the [[Potomac River]] up to the [[40th parallel north|40th parallel]]. A problem arose when [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] granted a charter for [[Pennsylvania]]. The grant defined Pennsylvania's southern border as identical to Maryland's northern border, the 40th parallel. But the grant indicated that Charles II and [[William Penn]] assumed the 40th parallel would pass close to [[New Castle, Delaware]] when it falls north of | The royal charter granted Maryland the land north of the [[Potomac River]] up to the [[40th parallel north|40th parallel]]. A problem arose when [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] granted a charter for [[Pennsylvania]]. The grant defined Pennsylvania's southern border as identical to Maryland's northern border, the 40th parallel. But the grant indicated that Charles II and [[William Penn]] assumed the 40th parallel would pass close to [[New Castle, Delaware]] when it falls north of Philadelphia, the site of which Penn had already selected for his colony's capital city. Negotiations ensued after the problem was discovered in 1681. | ||
A compromise proposed by Charles II in 1682 was undermined by Penn's receiving the additional grant of what is now Delaware.<ref name=hubbard>{{Cite book|last=Hubbard |first=Bill Jr. |title=American Boundaries: the Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey |url=https://archive.org/details/americanboundari00jrbi |url-access=limited |year=2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-35591-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanboundari00jrbi/page/n35 21]–23}}</ref> Penn successfully argued that the Maryland charter entitled Lord Baltimore only to unsettled lands, and Dutch settlement in Delaware predated his charter. The dispute remained unresolved for nearly a century, carried on by the descendants of William Penn and Lord Baltimore—the [[Baron Baltimore|Calvert family]], which controlled Maryland, and the [[William Penn|Penn family]], which controlled Pennsylvania.<ref name=hubbard/> | A compromise proposed by Charles II in 1682 was undermined by Penn's receiving the additional grant of what is now Delaware.<ref name=hubbard>{{Cite book|last=Hubbard |first=Bill Jr. |title=American Boundaries: the Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey |url=https://archive.org/details/americanboundari00jrbi |url-access=limited |year=2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-35591-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanboundari00jrbi/page/n35 21]–23}}</ref> Penn successfully argued that the Maryland charter entitled Lord Baltimore only to unsettled lands, and Dutch settlement in Delaware predated his charter. The dispute remained unresolved for nearly a century, carried on by the descendants of William Penn and Lord Baltimore—the [[Baron Baltimore|Calvert family]], which controlled Maryland, and the [[William Penn|Penn family]], which controlled Pennsylvania.<ref name=hubbard/> | ||
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Many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper.<ref name="Heinegg">[http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ Paul Heinegg. ''Free African Americans in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807191511/http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ |date=August 7, 2010 }}. Retrieved February 15, 2008.</ref> As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, planters in Maryland imported thousands more slaves and racial caste lines hardened. | Many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper.<ref name="Heinegg">[http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ Paul Heinegg. ''Free African Americans in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807191511/http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ |date=August 7, 2010 }}. Retrieved February 15, 2008.</ref> As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, planters in Maryland imported thousands more slaves and racial caste lines hardened. | ||
Maryland was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies|thirteen colonies]] that revolted against British rule in the [[American Revolution]]. Near the end of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), on February 2, 1781, Maryland became the last and 13th state to approve the ratification of the [[Articles of Confederation|Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union]], first proposed in 1776 and adopted by the [[Second Continental Congress]] in 1778, which brought into being the United States as a united, [[sovereignty|sovereign]] and [[nation state|national state]]. It also became the seventh state admitted to the Union after ratifying the new federal Constitution in 1788. In December 1790, prior to the move of the national capital from | Maryland was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies|thirteen colonies]] that revolted against British rule in the [[American Revolution]]. Near the end of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), on February 2, 1781, Maryland became the last and 13th state to approve the ratification of the [[Articles of Confederation|Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union]], first proposed in 1776 and adopted by the [[Second Continental Congress]] in 1778, which brought into being the United States as a united, [[sovereignty|sovereign]] and [[nation state|national state]]. It also became the seventh state admitted to the Union after ratifying the new federal Constitution in 1788. In December 1790, prior to the move of the national capital from Philadelphia in 1800, Maryland donated land selected by first President [[George Washington]] to the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] for its creation. The land was provided along the north shore of the [[Potomac River]] from [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Montgomery]] and [[Prince George's County, Maryland|Prince George's]] counties, as well as from [[Fairfax County, Virginia|Fairfax County]] and [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]] on the south shore of the Potomac in [[Virginia]]; however, the land donated by the Commonwealth of Virginia was later returned to that state by the [[District of Columbia retrocession]] in 1846. | ||
===19th century=== | ===19th century=== | ||
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Many residents of the [[Washington metropolitan area]] receive ''[[The Washington Post]].''{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} | Many residents of the [[Washington metropolitan area]] receive ''[[The Washington Post]].''{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} | ||
The most populous areas are served by either [[Baltimore]] or [[Washington, D.C.]] broadcast stations. The Eastern Shore is served primarily by [[broadcasting|broadcast media]] based around the [[Delmarva Peninsula]]; the northeastern section receives both Baltimore and | The most populous areas are served by either [[Baltimore]] or [[Washington, D.C.]] broadcast stations. The Eastern Shore is served primarily by [[broadcasting|broadcast media]] based around the [[Delmarva Peninsula]]; the northeastern section receives both Baltimore and Philadelphia stations. [[Garrett County, Maryland|Garrett County]], which is mountainous, is served by stations from [[Pittsburgh]], and requires cable or satellite for reception. Maryland is served by statewide [[PBS]] member station [[Maryland Public Television]] (MPT).{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} | ||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||