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Coast Guard: Difference between revisions
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The U.S. Coast Guard is a [[Humanitarianism|humanitarian]] and security service. It protects the [[United States]]' borders and economic and security interests abroad; and defends its sovereignty by safeguarding [[sea lines of communication]] and commerce across U.S. [[territorial waters]] and its [[Exclusive economic zone|Exclusive Economic Zone]]. Due to ever-expanding risk imposed by transnational threats through the maritime and [[Cyberspace|cyber]] domains, the U.S. Coast Guard is at any given time deployed to and operating on all seven continents and in cyberspace to enforce its mission. Like its [[United States Navy]] sibling, the U.S. Coast Guard maintains a global presence with permanently-assigned personnel throughout the world and forces routinely deploying to both [[Littoral zone|littoral]] and [[Blue-water navy|blue-water]] regions. The U.S. Coast Guard's adaptive, multi-mission "white hull" fleet is leveraged as a force of both diplomatic soft power and humanitarian and security assistance over the more overtly confrontational nature of "gray hulled" warships. As a humanitarian service, it saves tens of thousands of lives a year at sea and in U.S. waters, and provides emergency response and disaster management for a wide range of human-made and natural catastrophic incidents in the U.S. and throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Coast Guard Strategic Plan 2018-2022|url=https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/seniorleadership/alwaysready/USCG_Strategic%20Plan__LoResReaderSpreads_20181115_vFinal.pdf?ver=2018-11-14-150015-323|access-date=27 December 2021|website=U.S. Coast Guard}}</ref> | The U.S. Coast Guard is a [[Humanitarianism|humanitarian]] and security service. It protects the [[United States]]' borders and economic and security interests abroad; and defends its sovereignty by safeguarding [[sea lines of communication]] and commerce across U.S. [[territorial waters]] and its [[Exclusive economic zone|Exclusive Economic Zone]]. Due to ever-expanding risk imposed by transnational threats through the maritime and [[Cyberspace|cyber]] domains, the U.S. Coast Guard is at any given time deployed to and operating on all seven continents and in cyberspace to enforce its mission. Like its [[United States Navy]] sibling, the U.S. Coast Guard maintains a global presence with permanently-assigned personnel throughout the world and forces routinely deploying to both [[Littoral zone|littoral]] and [[Blue-water navy|blue-water]] regions. The U.S. Coast Guard's adaptive, multi-mission "white hull" fleet is leveraged as a force of both diplomatic soft power and humanitarian and security assistance over the more overtly confrontational nature of "gray hulled" warships. As a humanitarian service, it saves tens of thousands of lives a year at sea and in U.S. waters, and provides emergency response and disaster management for a wide range of human-made and natural catastrophic incidents in the U.S. and throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Coast Guard Strategic Plan 2018-2022|url=https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/seniorleadership/alwaysready/USCG_Strategic%20Plan__LoResReaderSpreads_20181115_vFinal.pdf?ver=2018-11-14-150015-323|access-date=27 December 2021|website=U.S. Coast Guard}}</ref> | ||
The U.S. Coast Guard operates under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] during peacetime. During times of war, it can be transferred in whole or in part to the [[United States Department of the Navy|U.S. Department of the Navy]] under the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] by order of the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] or by act of [[United States Congress|Congress]]. Prior to its transfer to Homeland Security, it operated under the [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] from 1967 to 2003 and the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] from its inception until 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/2003-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-homeland-security/ |title=2003 – Coast Guard Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security |website=cgaviationhistory.org |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926182247/https://cgaviationhistory.org/2003-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-homeland-security/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/1967-united-states-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-transportation/ |title=1967 – United States Coast Guard Transferred to the Department of Transportation |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=cgaviationhistory.org |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=23 September 2020 }}</ref> A congressional authority transfer to the Navy has only happened once: in 1917, during | The U.S. Coast Guard operates under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] during peacetime. During times of war, it can be transferred in whole or in part to the [[United States Department of the Navy|U.S. Department of the Navy]] under the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] by order of the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] or by act of [[United States Congress|Congress]]. Prior to its transfer to Homeland Security, it operated under the [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] from 1967 to 2003 and the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] from its inception until 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/2003-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-homeland-security/ |title=2003 – Coast Guard Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security |website=cgaviationhistory.org |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926182247/https://cgaviationhistory.org/2003-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-homeland-security/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/1967-united-states-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-transportation/ |title=1967 – United States Coast Guard Transferred to the Department of Transportation |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=cgaviationhistory.org |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=23 September 2020 }}</ref> A congressional authority transfer to the Navy has only happened once: in 1917, during World War I.<ref name="NavyTransferWW1">{{cite web|url=http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/docs/Timeline%20of%20Coast%20Guard%20Organizational%20History.pdf|title=Timeline of Coast Guard Organizational History|publisher=United States Department of Homeland Security|author=United States Coast Guard|access-date=18 January 2014|quote=6 April 1917: With the declaration of war against Germany the Coast Guard was transferred by Executive Order to the control of the Navy Department.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613180352/http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/docs/Timeline%20of%20Coast%20Guard%20Organizational%20History.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> By the time the U.S. entered [[World War II]] in December 1941, the U.S. Coast Guard had already been transferred to the Navy by [[Franklin Roosevelt|President Franklin Roosevelt]].<ref name="NavyTransferWW2">{{cite web|url=http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/docs/Timeline%20of%20Coast%20Guard%20Organizational%20History.pdf|title=Timeline of Coast Guard Organizational History|publisher=United States Department of Homeland Security|author=United States Coast Guard|access-date=18 January 2014|quote=1 November 1941: President Roosevelt's Executive Order 8929 transferred the Coast Guard to Navy Department control. In compliance with Executive Order 9666, the Coast Guard returned to Treasury Department control.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613180352/http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/docs/Timeline%20of%20Coast%20Guard%20Organizational%20History.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
Created by Congress as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service|Revenue-Marine]] on 4 August 1790 at the request of [[Alexander Hamilton]], it is the oldest continuously operating naval service of the United States.{{refn|Although the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] lists its founding as 1775 with the formation of the [[Continental Navy]], the U.S. Navy was entirely disbanded in 1785. The modern U.S. Navy in its present form was founded in 1794.|group="Note"}} As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue-Marine, whose original purpose was collecting [[customs duties]] at U.S. seaports. By the 1860s, the service was known as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service|U.S. Revenue Cutter Service]] and the term Revenue-Marine gradually fell into disuse.<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Robert Irwin |year=1987 |title=Guardians of the Sea, History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=978-0-87021-720-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john/page/1 1–2] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john/page/1 }}</ref> | Created by Congress as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service|Revenue-Marine]] on 4 August 1790 at the request of [[Alexander Hamilton]], it is the oldest continuously operating naval service of the United States.{{refn|Although the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] lists its founding as 1775 with the formation of the [[Continental Navy]], the U.S. Navy was entirely disbanded in 1785. The modern U.S. Navy in its present form was founded in 1794.|group="Note"}} As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue-Marine, whose original purpose was collecting [[customs duties]] at U.S. seaports. By the 1860s, the service was known as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service|U.S. Revenue Cutter Service]] and the term Revenue-Marine gradually fell into disuse.<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Robert Irwin |year=1987 |title=Guardians of the Sea, History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=978-0-87021-720-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john/page/1 1–2] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john/page/1 }}</ref> | ||
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There have been women in the United States Coast Guard since 1918, and women continue to serve in it today.<ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/military-international/ |title=Women in the military — international |date=30 May 2006 |work=CBC News |url-status=dead |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518040804/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/military-international/ }}</ref><ref name=WHC>"Women's History Chronology", Women & the U. S. Coast Guard, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office</ref><ref name="womensmemorial">{{cite web |url=http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |title=Women In Military Service For America Memorial |publisher=Womensmemorial.org |date=27 July 1950 |accessdate=8 September 2013 |archive-date=3 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403045042/http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | There have been women in the United States Coast Guard since 1918, and women continue to serve in it today.<ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/military-international/ |title=Women in the military — international |date=30 May 2006 |work=CBC News |url-status=dead |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518040804/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/military-international/ }}</ref><ref name=WHC>"Women's History Chronology", Women & the U. S. Coast Guard, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office</ref><ref name="womensmemorial">{{cite web |url=http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |title=Women In Military Service For America Memorial |publisher=Womensmemorial.org |date=27 July 1950 |accessdate=8 September 2013 |archive-date=3 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403045042/http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
During | During World War I, in January 1918, radio and telegraph operator [[Myrtle Hazard]] enlisted as an electrician. She was the only woman to serve during the war and she is the namesake of [[USCGC Myrtle Hazard|USCGC ''Myrtle Hazard'' .]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long Blue Line: Myrtle Hazard—first woman in the United States Coast Guard |url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Research/THE-LONG-BLUE-LINE/Article/3382820/the-long-blue-line-myrtle-hazardfirst-woman-in-the-united-states-coast-guard/https://www.history.uscg.mil/Research/THE-LONG-BLUE-LINE/Article/3382820/the-long-blue-line-myrtle-hazardfirst-woman-in-the-united-states-coast-guard/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=United States Coast Guard |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> While some newspapers reported that twin sisters Genevieve and Lucille Baker were the first women to serve in the Coast Guard, their attempt to enlist was rejected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vojvodich |first=Donna |date=2023-03-24 |title=The Long Blue Line: The Baker Twins—Re-searching the first female Coasties - or were they? |url=https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/3311017/the-long-blue-line-the-baker-twinsre-searching-the-first-female-coasties-or-wer/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324225445/https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/3311017/the-long-blue-line-the-baker-twinsre-searching-the-first-female-coasties-or-wer/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2023 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=United States Coast Guard |language=en-US }}</ref> | ||
==Coast Guard Auxiliary== | ==Coast Guard Auxiliary== | ||