Army: Difference between revisions

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{{Organization
{{Organization
|OrganizationName=United States Army
|OrganizationName=Army
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments
|Mission=To fight and win our Nation's wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders; to defend the United States, its territories, and interests.
|Mission=To fight and win our Nation's wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders; to defend the United States, its territories, and interests.
|ParentOrganization=Department of Defense
|ParentOrganization=Department of Defense
|TopOrganization=Department of Defense
|CreationLegislation=Juniper Act of 1775
|CreationLegislation=Juniper Act of 1775
|Employees=480000
|Employees=480000
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| size                          = {{ubl|452,689 active duty personnel<ref>{{cite web |title=Defense Manpower Data Center- Monthly Strength Summary |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=ms0_2307.pdf&groupName=milTop |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }}</ref> | 325,218 [[Army National Guard]] personnel | 176,968 [[United States Army Reserves|Army Reserve]] personnel<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=DRS_42486_SelRes_202307.pdf&groupName=resRankGrade |title=Department of Defense: Selected Reserves by Rank/Grade |date=July 31, 2023 |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }}</ref> | 954,875 total uniformed personnel (official data as of July 31, 2023) | 265,000 civilian personnel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/find-your-path/army-civilians.html|title=Army Civilians|website=goarmy.com|access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> | 4,406 crewed aircraft<ref name="WAF2018">{{cite journal |title=World Air Forces 2018 |journal=Flightglobal |page=17 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905 |access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> }}
| size                          = {{ubl|452,689 active duty personnel<ref>{{cite web |title=Defense Manpower Data Center- Monthly Strength Summary |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=ms0_2307.pdf&groupName=milTop |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }}</ref> | 325,218 [[Army National Guard]] personnel | 176,968 [[United States Army Reserves|Army Reserve]] personnel<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=DRS_42486_SelRes_202307.pdf&groupName=resRankGrade |title=Department of Defense: Selected Reserves by Rank/Grade |date=July 31, 2023 |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }}</ref> | 954,875 total uniformed personnel (official data as of July 31, 2023) | 265,000 civilian personnel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/find-your-path/army-civilians.html|title=Army Civilians|website=goarmy.com|access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> | 4,406 crewed aircraft<ref name="WAF2018">{{cite journal |title=World Air Forces 2018 |journal=Flightglobal |page=17 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905 |access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> }}
| command_structure            = [[United States Armed Forces]] <br />[[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]]
| command_structure            = [[United States Armed Forces]] <br />[[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]]
| garrison                      = [[The Pentagon]] <br />{{nowrap|[[Arlington County, Virginia]], U.S.}}
| garrison                      = [[The Pentagon]] <br />{{nowrap|Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.}}
| garrison_label                = Headquarters
| garrison_label                = Headquarters
| motto                        = "This We'll Defend"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/about/|title=Who we are: The Army's Vision & Strategy|website=Army.mil|access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref>
| motto                        = "This We'll Defend"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/about/|title=Who we are: The Army's Vision & Strategy|website=Army.mil|access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref>
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| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
| title = See list
| title = See list
|[[File:Streamer RW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] <br />[[File:Streamer W1812.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War of 1812]] <br />[[File:Streamer MW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer CW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[American Civil War|Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer IW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[American Indian Wars|Indian Wars]] <br />[[File:Streamer SC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Spanish–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer CRE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[China Relief Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer PC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Philippine–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer MS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer WWI V.PNG|200px]] <br />World War I <br />[[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] <br />[[Bonus Army suppression]] <br />[[File:World War II - American Campaign Streamer (Plain).png|200px]] <br />[[File:Streamer APC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png|200px]] <br />[[World War II]] <br />[[File:Korean Service Medal - Streamer.png|200px]] <br />Korean War <br />[[1958 Lebanon crisis]] <br />[[File:Vietnam Service Streamer vector.svg|200px]] <br />Vietnam War <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Dominican Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)|Korean DMZ Conflict]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[US invasion of Grenada|Invasion of Grenada]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]]|[[United States Invasion of Panama|Invasion of Panama]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Unified Task Force|Somali Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer SAS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] <br />[[File:Streamer KC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Kosovo War]] <br />[[File:Streamer gwotE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Global War on Terrorism]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFGCS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] <br />[[File:Iraq Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] <br />[[Iraq War]] <br />[[File:Inherent Resolve Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] [[Operation Inherent Resolve]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |title=ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122448/http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |archive-date=7 February 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />[[Battle of Khasham]]
|[[File:Streamer RW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] <br />[[File:Streamer W1812.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War of 1812]] <br />[[File:Streamer MW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer CW.PNG|200px]] <br />Civil War <br />[[File:Streamer IW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[American Indian Wars|Indian Wars]] <br />[[File:Streamer SC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Spanish–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer CRE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[China Relief Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer PC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Philippine–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer MS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer WWI V.PNG|200px]] <br />World War I <br />[[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] <br />[[Bonus Army suppression]] <br />[[File:World War II - American Campaign Streamer (Plain).png|200px]] <br />[[File:Streamer APC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png|200px]] <br />[[World War II]] <br />[[File:Korean Service Medal - Streamer.png|200px]] <br />Korean War <br />[[1958 Lebanon crisis]] <br />[[File:Vietnam Service Streamer vector.svg|200px]] <br />Vietnam War <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Dominican Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)|Korean DMZ Conflict]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[US invasion of Grenada|Invasion of Grenada]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]]|[[United States Invasion of Panama|Invasion of Panama]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Unified Task Force|Somali Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer SAS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] <br />[[File:Streamer KC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Kosovo War]] <br />[[File:Streamer gwotE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Global War on Terrorism]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFGCS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] <br />[[File:Iraq Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] <br />[[Iraq War]] <br />[[File:Inherent Resolve Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] [[Operation Inherent Resolve]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |title=ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122448/http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |archive-date=7 February 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />[[Battle of Khasham]]
}}
}}
| anniversaries                = [[U.S. Army Birthdays|Army Birthday]]: 14 June<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|title=June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army|website=U.S. Army Center of Military History|access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref>
| anniversaries                = [[U.S. Army Birthdays|Army Birthday]]: 14 June<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|title=June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army|website=U.S. Army Center of Military History|access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref>
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The United States joined [[World War II]] in December 1941 after the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. Some 11 million Americans were to serve in various Army operations.<ref name= debruyne>{{citation |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |author=Nese DeBruyne, Congressional Research Service |date=18 September 2018 |title= American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics |at= Page 3, note j — |quote=World War II: 10.42 million (1 December 1941-31 August 1945)}}. Other sources count the Army of Occupation up to 31 December 1946. By 30 June 1947 the Army's strength was down to 990,000 troops.</ref><ref name="amh-v2">{{citation |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |chapter-url=https://history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter4.htm |title=American Military History |volume= 2 |chapter=Chapter 4: "GRAND STRATEGY AND THE WASHINGTON HIGH COMMAND"|quote= 10.4 million |page=122}}</ref> On the [[European Theatre of World War II|European front]], U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that landed in French North Africa and [[Tunisia campaign|took Tunisia]] and then [[Allied invasion of Sicily|moved on to Sicily]] and later [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|fought in Italy]]. In the June 1944 [[Normandy landings|landings in northern France]] and in the subsequent [[Western Front (World War II)#1944–45: The Second Front|liberation of Europe]] and defeat of [[Nazi Germany]], millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In 1947, the number of soldiers in the US Army had decreased from eight million in 1945 to 684,000 soldiers and the total number of active divisions had dropped from 89 to 12. The leaders of the Army saw this demobilization as a success.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Points Were All That Mattered: The US Army's Demobilization After World War II |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/points-system-us-armys-demobilization#:~:text=The%20US%20Army%20finally%20ended,684%2C000%20on%20July%201%2C%201947. |website=The National WWII Museum New Orleans | date=27 August 2020 |access-date=November 4, 2022}}</ref>
The United States joined [[World War II]] in December 1941 after the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. Some 11 million Americans were to serve in various Army operations.<ref name= debruyne>{{citation |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |author=Nese DeBruyne, Congressional Research Service |date=18 September 2018 |title= American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics |at= Page 3, note j — |quote=World War II: 10.42 million (1 December 1941-31 August 1945)}}. Other sources count the Army of Occupation up to 31 December 1946. By 30 June 1947 the Army's strength was down to 990,000 troops.</ref><ref name="amh-v2">{{citation |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |chapter-url=https://history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter4.htm |title=American Military History |volume= 2 |chapter=Chapter 4: "GRAND STRATEGY AND THE WASHINGTON HIGH COMMAND"|quote= 10.4 million |page=122}}</ref> On the [[European Theatre of World War II|European front]], U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that landed in French North Africa and [[Tunisia campaign|took Tunisia]] and then [[Allied invasion of Sicily|moved on to Sicily]] and later [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|fought in Italy]]. In the June 1944 [[Normandy landings|landings in northern France]] and in the subsequent [[Western Front (World War II)#1944–45: The Second Front|liberation of Europe]] and defeat of [[Nazi Germany]], millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In 1947, the number of soldiers in the US Army had decreased from eight million in 1945 to 684,000 soldiers and the total number of active divisions had dropped from 89 to 12. The leaders of the Army saw this demobilization as a success.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Points Were All That Mattered: The US Army's Demobilization After World War II |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/points-system-us-armys-demobilization#:~:text=The%20US%20Army%20finally%20ended,684%2C000%20on%20July%201%2C%201947. |website=The National WWII Museum New Orleans | date=27 August 2020 |access-date=November 4, 2022}}</ref>


In the [[Pacific War]], U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the [[United States Marine Corps]] in capturing the [[Pacific Islands]] from Japanese control. Following the [[Axis Powers|Axis]] surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the [[Army Air Forces]] separated from the army to become the [[United States Air Force]] in September 1947. In 1948, the army was [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregated]] by [[Executive Order 9981|order 9981]] of President [[Harry S. Truman]].
In the [[Pacific War]], U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the [[United States Marine Corps]] in capturing the [[Pacific Islands]] from Japanese control. Following the [[Axis Powers|Axis]] surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the [[Army Air Forces]] separated from the army to become the [[United States Air Force]] in September 1947. In 1948, the army was [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregated]] by [[Executive Order 9981|order 9981]] of President Harry S. Truman.


====Cold War====
====Cold War====
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[[File:Exercise Desert Rock I (Buster-Jangle Dog) 003.jpg|thumb|upright|U.S. Army soldiers observing an atomic bomb test of [[Operation Buster-Jangle]] at the [[Nevada Test Site]] during the Korean War|alt=]]
[[File:Exercise Desert Rock I (Buster-Jangle Dog) 003.jpg|thumb|upright|U.S. Army soldiers observing an atomic bomb test of [[Operation Buster-Jangle]] at the [[Nevada Test Site]] during the Korean War|alt=]]


The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the [[Cold War]]. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, [[V Corps (United States)|V]] and [[VII Corps (United States)|VII]], were reactivated under [[Seventh United States Army]] in 1950 and U.S. strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]] and the [[United Kingdom]], until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] attack.<ref name=PerkinsAOC>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-46HlgVPYDQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/-46HlgVPYDQ |archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Perkins discusses operationalizing the Army Operating Concept|last=US Army TRADOC|date=16 September 2015|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=2 November 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{rp|minute 9:00–10:00}}
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the [[Cold War]]. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, [[V Corps (United States)|V]] and [[VII Corps (United States)|VII]], were reactivated under [[Seventh United States Army]] in 1950 and U.S. strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]] and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] attack.<ref name=PerkinsAOC>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-46HlgVPYDQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/-46HlgVPYDQ |archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Perkins discusses operationalizing the Army Operating Concept|last=US Army TRADOC|date=16 September 2015|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=2 November 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{rp|minute 9:00–10:00}}


[[File:US Army tanks face off against Soviet tanks, Berlin 1961.jpg|thumb|right|US tanks and Soviet tanks at Checkpoint Charlie, 1961]]
[[File:US Army tanks face off against Soviet tanks, Berlin 1961.jpg|thumb|right|US tanks and Soviet tanks at Checkpoint Charlie, 1961]]
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!Location of headquarters
!Location of headquarters
|-
|-
|[[File:Arlington National Cemetery Seal.png|20px]] [[Arlington National Cemetery]] and [[United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery|Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/go1475.pdf|title=Designation of Arlington National Cemetery and Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery as a Direct Reporting Unit|access-date=7 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203015921/http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/go1475.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> || Katharine Kelley<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allgov.com/news/top-stories/superintendent-of-arlington-national-cemetery-who-is-kate-kelley-170507?news=860171|title=Who is Kate Kelley?|publisher=allgov.com|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> {{small|''(civilian)''}} || [[Arlington County, Virginia]]
|[[File:Arlington National Cemetery Seal.png|20px]] [[Arlington National Cemetery]] and [[United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery|Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/go1475.pdf|title=Designation of Arlington National Cemetery and Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery as a Direct Reporting Unit|access-date=7 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203015921/http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/go1475.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> || Katharine Kelley<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allgov.com/news/top-stories/superintendent-of-arlington-national-cemetery-who-is-kate-kelley-170507?news=860171|title=Who is Kate Kelley?|publisher=allgov.com|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> {{small|''(civilian)''}} || Arlington County, Virginia
|-
|-
|Civilian Protection Center of Excellence<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN38095-AGO_2023-06-000-WEB-1.pdf |title=Establishment of the Civilian Protection Center of Excellence as a Direct Reporting Unit |date=5 April 2023 |website=Army Publishing Directorate }}</ref> ||Michael McNerney ||Arlington County, Virginia
|Civilian Protection Center of Excellence<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN38095-AGO_2023-06-000-WEB-1.pdf |title=Establishment of the Civilian Protection Center of Excellence as a Direct Reporting Unit |date=5 April 2023 |website=Army Publishing Directorate }}</ref> ||Michael McNerney ||Arlington County, Virginia