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Marshals Service: Difference between revisions
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{{About||the air marshal service|Federal Air Marshal Service|the head of the U.S. Supreme Court Police|Marshal of the United States Supreme Court}} | {{About||the air marshal service|Federal Air Marshal Service|the head of the U.S. Supreme Court Police|Marshal of the United States Supreme Court}} | ||
{{Organization | {{Organization | ||
|OrganizationName= | |OrganizationName=Marshals Service | ||
|OrganizationType= Intelligence Agencies | |OrganizationType= Intelligence Agencies | ||
|Mission= The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes. It also focuses on protecting U.S. communications networks and information systems. | |Mission= The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes. It also focuses on protecting U.S. communications networks and information systems. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
During the 1920s, U.S. Marshals enforced [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]. Marshals registered enemy aliens in wartime, sealed the American border against armed expeditions from foreign countries, and at times during the [[Cold War]] also swapped spies with the | During the 1920s, U.S. Marshals enforced [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]. Marshals registered enemy aliens in wartime, sealed the American border against armed expeditions from foreign countries, and at times during the [[Cold War]] also swapped spies with the Soviet Union. | ||
In the 1960s the marshals were on the front lines of the [[civil rights movement]], mainly providing protection to volunteers. In September 1962, President [[John F. Kennedy]] ordered 127 marshals to accompany [[James Meredith]], an [[African American]] who wished to register at the segregated [[University of Mississippi]]. Their presence on campus provoked riots at the university, but the marshals stood their ground, and Meredith registered. Marshals provided continuous protection to Meredith during his first year at Ole Miss, and Attorney General [[Robert F. Kennedy]] later proudly displayed a deputy marshal's dented helmet in his office. U.S. Marshals also protected black school children integrating public schools in the South. Artist [[Norman Rockwell]]'s famous painting ''[[The Problem We All Live With]]'' depicted a tiny [[Ruby Bridges]] being escorted by four towering United States Marshals in 1964. | In the 1960s the marshals were on the front lines of the [[civil rights movement]], mainly providing protection to volunteers. In September 1962, President [[John F. Kennedy]] ordered 127 marshals to accompany [[James Meredith]], an [[African American]] who wished to register at the segregated [[University of Mississippi]]. Their presence on campus provoked riots at the university, but the marshals stood their ground, and Meredith registered. Marshals provided continuous protection to Meredith during his first year at Ole Miss, and Attorney General [[Robert F. Kennedy]] later proudly displayed a deputy marshal's dented helmet in his office. U.S. Marshals also protected black school children integrating public schools in the South. Artist [[Norman Rockwell]]'s famous painting ''[[The Problem We All Live With]]'' depicted a tiny [[Ruby Bridges]] being escorted by four towering United States Marshals in 1964. | ||
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===21st century=== | ===21st century=== | ||
Marshals have protected American athletes at [[Olympic Games]],<ref>{{cite press release |title=Preparing for the World: Homeland Security and Winter Olympics |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020110-7.html |website=The White House |access-date=25 March 2023 |date=10 January 2002 |archive-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604051021/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020110-7.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[refugee]] boy [[Elián González]] before his return to [[Cuba]] in 2000,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bragg |first1=Rick |title=The Elian Gonzalez Case: The Overview; Cuban Boy Seized by U.S. Agents and Reunited With His Father |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/us/elian-gonzalez-case-overview-cuban-boy-seized-us-agents-reunited-with-his-father.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=23 April 2000 |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227114031/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/us/elian-gonzalez-case-overview-cuban-boy-seized-us-agents-reunited-with-his-father.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[abortion]] clinics<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/01/us-shooting-abortion-doctor-rightwing-militia?CMP=gu_com |title=Security stepped up at abortion clinics in US after killing of Dr George Tiller |work= | Marshals have protected American athletes at [[Olympic Games]],<ref>{{cite press release |title=Preparing for the World: Homeland Security and Winter Olympics |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020110-7.html |website=The White House |access-date=25 March 2023 |date=10 January 2002 |archive-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604051021/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020110-7.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[refugee]] boy [[Elián González]] before his return to [[Cuba]] in 2000,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bragg |first1=Rick |title=The Elian Gonzalez Case: The Overview; Cuban Boy Seized by U.S. Agents and Reunited With His Father |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/us/elian-gonzalez-case-overview-cuban-boy-seized-us-agents-reunited-with-his-father.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=23 April 2000 |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227114031/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/us/elian-gonzalez-case-overview-cuban-boy-seized-us-agents-reunited-with-his-father.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[abortion]] clinics<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/01/us-shooting-abortion-doctor-rightwing-militia?CMP=gu_com |title=Security stepped up at abortion clinics in US after killing of Dr George Tiller |work=The Guardian |first=Chris |last=McGreal |date=June 1, 2009 |access-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926105822/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/01/us-shooting-abortion-doctor-rightwing-militia?CMP=gu_com |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2009/05/31/attorney-general-directs-us-marshals-to-protect-abortion-clinics-providers/ |title=Attorney general directs U.S. marshals to protect abortion clinics, providers |publisher=Colorado Independent |first=Ernest |last=Luning |date=May 31, 2009 |access-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926105834/https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2009/05/31/attorney-general-directs-us-marshals-to-protect-abortion-clinics-providers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> as required by federal law. In 2003, Marshals retrieved North Carolina's copy of the [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History in Custody: The U.S. Marshals Service Takes Possession of North Carolina's Copy of the Bill of Rights |date=June 19, 2020 |publisher=United States Marshals Service |url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/history/north_carolina_bill_of_rights.htm |access-date=January 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125155807/https://www.usmarshals.gov/history/north_carolina_bill_of_rights.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
In 2002, the Marshals Service was tasked by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) to provide protective security and law enforcement capabilities in the protection of the [[Strategic National Stockpile]] (SNS), such as warehouses, materiel and CDC personnel during deployment. Marshals also provide secure transportation of critical medical supplies and bio-terrorism response resources throughout the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/pubs/pub99.pdf |title=Operations Support Division |access-date=January 7, 2018 |publisher=United States Marshals Service |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211224849/https://www.usmarshals.gov//pubs/pub99.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Senior Inspectors of the U.S. Marshals Service SNS Security Operations (SNSSO) Program have deployed to [[Hurricane Katrina]] in 2005 and responded during the [[H1N1 flu (outbreak in the US)|H1N1 flu pandemic]] in 2009. SNSSO Senior Inspectors have also staffed [[National Security Special Event]]s (NSSE) with their state, local and other federal partners on a regular basis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourdigitalmags.com/display_article.php?id=1762258&view=217704 |title=The U.S. Marshals Service, Strategic National Stockpile Security Operations |access-date=January 7, 2018 |magazine=Sheriff Magazine |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061054/http://www.ourdigitalmags.com/display_article.php?id=1762258&view=217704 |url-status=live }}</ref> | In 2002, the Marshals Service was tasked by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) to provide protective security and law enforcement capabilities in the protection of the [[Strategic National Stockpile]] (SNS), such as warehouses, materiel and CDC personnel during deployment. Marshals also provide secure transportation of critical medical supplies and bio-terrorism response resources throughout the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/pubs/pub99.pdf |title=Operations Support Division |access-date=January 7, 2018 |publisher=United States Marshals Service |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211224849/https://www.usmarshals.gov//pubs/pub99.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Senior Inspectors of the U.S. Marshals Service SNS Security Operations (SNSSO) Program have deployed to [[Hurricane Katrina]] in 2005 and responded during the [[H1N1 flu (outbreak in the US)|H1N1 flu pandemic]] in 2009. SNSSO Senior Inspectors have also staffed [[National Security Special Event]]s (NSSE) with their state, local and other federal partners on a regular basis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourdigitalmags.com/display_article.php?id=1762258&view=217704 |title=The U.S. Marshals Service, Strategic National Stockpile Security Operations |access-date=January 7, 2018 |magazine=Sheriff Magazine |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061054/http://www.ourdigitalmags.com/display_article.php?id=1762258&view=217704 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
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===Inspectors=== | ===Inspectors=== | ||
The Marshal Service has the positions of Inspector,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/mar/3/inside-us-marshals-secretive-deadly-detention-empire/|title=Inside the US Marshals' Secretive, Deadly Detention Empire|publisher=prisonlegalnews.org|date=3 March 2020|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174639/https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/mar/3/inside-us-marshals-secretive-deadly-detention-empire/|url-status=live}}</ref> Senior Inspector<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/careers/duties.html|title=Duties|publisher=usmashals.gov|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174635/https://www.usmarshals.gov/careers/duties.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weichselbaum |first1=Simone |last2=McClendon |first2=Sachi |last3=Garcia |first3=Uriel J. |title=US marshals act like local police, but with more violence and less accountability |url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/investigations/2021/02/11/investigation-us-marshals-kill-more-people-but-face-less-scrutiny/4397533001/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |work= | The Marshal Service has the positions of Inspector,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/mar/3/inside-us-marshals-secretive-deadly-detention-empire/|title=Inside the US Marshals' Secretive, Deadly Detention Empire|publisher=prisonlegalnews.org|date=3 March 2020|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174639/https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/mar/3/inside-us-marshals-secretive-deadly-detention-empire/|url-status=live}}</ref> Senior Inspector<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/careers/duties.html|title=Duties|publisher=usmashals.gov|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174635/https://www.usmarshals.gov/careers/duties.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weichselbaum |first1=Simone |last2=McClendon |first2=Sachi |last3=Garcia |first3=Uriel J. |title=US marshals act like local police, but with more violence and less accountability |url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/investigations/2021/02/11/investigation-us-marshals-kill-more-people-but-face-less-scrutiny/4397533001/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=USA Today |date=11 February 2021 |language=en-us |archive-date=March 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309210014/https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/investigations/2021/02/11/investigation-us-marshals-kill-more-people-but-face-less-scrutiny/4397533001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Chief Inspector,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marusak |first1=Joe |last2=Alexander |first2=Ames |title=Deputy US Marshal who shot, killed Frankie Jennings won't face charges, Meck DA says |url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article252445253.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=The Charlotte Observer |date=29 June 2021 |archive-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174634/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article252445253.html |url-status=live }}</ref> depending on the duties and position to which a Deputy Marshal has been assigned to. | ||
This title was created for promotions within the service usually for senior non-supervisory personnel. Senior Deputy Marshals assigned to regional fugitive task forces or working in special assignments requiring highly skilled criminal investigators often receive the title Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Operational non-supervisory employees assigned to the Witness Protection Program are given the title Senior Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Deputy Marshals assigned to the [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]] (OCDETF) department within the USMS also hold the title of Senior Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Senior Inspectors receive a [[GS-13]] pay grade level.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | This title was created for promotions within the service usually for senior non-supervisory personnel. Senior Deputy Marshals assigned to regional fugitive task forces or working in special assignments requiring highly skilled criminal investigators often receive the title Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Operational non-supervisory employees assigned to the Witness Protection Program are given the title Senior Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Deputy Marshals assigned to the [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]] (OCDETF) department within the USMS also hold the title of Senior Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Senior Inspectors receive a [[GS-13]] pay grade level.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | ||
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* [[Wyatt Earp]] (1848–1929), Deputy U.S. Marshal (appointed to his brother Virgil Earp's place by the Arizona Territorial Governor) | * [[Wyatt Earp]] (1848–1929), Deputy U.S. Marshal (appointed to his brother Virgil Earp's place by the Arizona Territorial Governor) | ||
* [[Frank Eaton]] (1860–1958), Deputy U.S. Marshal for Judge [[Isaac C. Parker]], author, cowboy, scout, Indian fighter, and mascot for Oklahoma State University ("Pistol Pete") | * [[Frank Eaton]] (1860–1958), Deputy U.S. Marshal for Judge [[Isaac C. Parker]], author, cowboy, scout, Indian fighter, and mascot for Oklahoma State University ("Pistol Pete") | ||
* [[Richard Griffith (general)|Richard Griffith]] (1814–1862), [[brigadier general (CSA)|Brigadier General]] for the | * [[Richard Griffith (general)|Richard Griffith]] (1814–1862), [[brigadier general (CSA)|Brigadier General]] for the Confederate States of Americaduring the Civil War | ||
* [[Wild Bill Hickok]] (1837–1876), noted Western lawman; served as a Deputy U.S. Marshal at [[Fort Riley, Kansas]] 1867–1869 | * [[Wild Bill Hickok]] (1837–1876), noted Western lawman; served as a Deputy U.S. Marshal at [[Fort Riley, Kansas]] 1867–1869 | ||
* [[Ward Hill Lamon]] (1826–1893), friend, and frequent bodyguard of President Abraham Lincoln, who appointed him U.S. Marshal for the [[District of Columbia]] | * [[Ward Hill Lamon]] (1826–1893), friend, and frequent bodyguard of President Abraham Lincoln, who appointed him U.S. Marshal for the [[District of Columbia]] | ||