National Security Council: Difference between revisions

The National Security Council was created in 1947 by the [[National Security Act of 1947|National Security Act]]. It was created because policymakers felt that the diplomacy of the State Department was no longer adequate to contain the [[Soviet Union]] in light of the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHDkqb-myscC&pg=PA499|title=Encyclopedia of American foreign policy|edition=2nd|volume=2|location=New York|publisher=Scribner|year=2002|author=National Security Council|isbn=9780684806570 }}</ref> The intent was to ensure coordination and concurrence among the [[United States Army|Army]], [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]], [[United States Navy|Navy]], [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] and other instruments of national security policy such as the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA), also created in the National Security Act. In 2004, the position of [[Director of National Intelligence]] (DNI) was created, taking over the responsibilities previously held by the head of the CIA, the [[Director of Central Intelligence|director of central intelligence]], as a cabinet-level position to oversee and coordinate activities of the [[United States Intelligence Community|Intelligence Community]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-of-central-intelligence-as-leaders-of-the-u-s-intelligence-community/chapter_15.htm|title=Directors of Central Intelligence as Leaders of the US Intelligence Community|author=Douglas F. Garthoff|year=2007|publisher=cia.gov|access-date=July 26, 2022|archive-date=April 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427101356/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-of-central-intelligence-as-leaders-of-the-u-s-intelligence-community/chapter_15.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to "National Security Presidential Memorandum 2", the [[chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] and [[Director of National Intelligence|director of national intelligence]] were to only sit on the Principals Committee as and when matters pertaining to them arise, but will remain part of the full National Security Council.<ref name="Presidential Memorandum">{{cite press release|title=Presidential Memorandum Organization of the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/28/presidential-memorandum-organization-national-security-council-and|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129061103/https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/28/presidential-memorandum-organization-national-security-council-and|archive-date=January 29, 2017|publisher = Office of the Press Secretary |access-date= January 31, 2017|language=en |date=  January 31, 2017}}</ref><ref name="DefenseStatement">{{cite web|title=No Change to Chairman's Status as Senior Military Adviser, Officials Say|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1064325/no-change-to-chairmans-status-as-senior-military-adviser-officials-say| author= Jim Garamone| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]|access-date= January 31, 2017|language=en|date= January 31, 2017}}</ref> However, Chief of Staff [[Reince Priebus]] clarified the next day that they still are invited to attend meetings.<ref name="Trump chief of staff: defense officials not off NSC after Bannon move">{{cite news| author= Alan Yuhas |title=Trump chief of staff: defense officials not off NSC after Bannon move|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/29/trump-priebus-nsc-steve-bannon|newspaper = [[The Guardian]]|access-date=January 30, 2017|language=en|date= January 29, 2017}}</ref> With "National Security Presidential Memorandum 4" in April 2017, the [[Director of National Intelligence|director of national intelligence]] and the [[chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] "shall" attend Principals Committee meetings and the [[director of the Central Intelligence Agency]] was included as a regular attendee.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/nspm-4-organization-national-security-council-homeland-security-council-and-subcommittees-summary] [[Lawfare Blog]] NSPM-4: "Organization of the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and Subcommittees": A Summary</ref> The reorganization also placed the [[administrator of the United States Agency for International Development]] as a permanent member of the Deputies Committee,<ref>{{cite web|title=Maybe the Trump Administration Just Elevated Development Policy, or Maybe Not|url=https://www.cgdev.org/blog/maybe-trump-administration-just-elevated-development-policy-or-maybe-not|author= Scott Morris|publisher=[[Center for Global Development]] |date=February 7, 2017| access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref> while the White House chief strategist was removed.<ref>{{ Cite news| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-04-05/bannon-removed-from-national-security-council-role-in-shakeup| author=Jennifer Jacobs | title = Bannon Loses National Security Council Role in Trump Shakeup| newspaper=Bloomberg.com | access-date=April 5, 2017 | date =April 5, 2017 | publisher=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Steve Bannon loses National Security Council seat|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39508351|author= BBC|work=BBC News|date=April 6, 2017| access-date=April 6, 2017}}</ref>