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Fish Commission: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Former U.S. government fisheries agency}} | {{Short description|Former U.S. government fisheries agency}} | ||
{{Infobox government agency | {{Infobox government agency | ||
|agency_name = United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries | |agency_name = United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries | ||
| Line 36: | Line 35: | ||
==Organizational history== | ==Organizational history== | ||
===U.S. Fish Commission (1871–1903)=== | ===U.S. Fish Commission (1871–1903)=== | ||
By the 1860s, increasing human pressure on the fish and game resources of the [[United States]] had become apparent to the [[United States Government]],<ref>USFWS Fishery Circular 97, p. 4.</ref> and [[Fishery|fisheries]] became the first aspect of the problem to receive U.S. Government attention when [[Robert Barnwell Roosevelt]], a | By the 1860s, increasing human pressure on the fish and game resources of the [[United States]] had become apparent to the [[United States Government]],<ref>USFWS Fishery Circular 97, p. 4.</ref> and [[Fishery|fisheries]] became the first aspect of the problem to receive U.S. Government attention when [[Robert Barnwell Roosevelt]], a Democratic congressmen from [[New York (state)|New York]]{{'}}s [[New York's 4th congressional district|4th Congressional District]], originated a bill in the [[United States House of Representatives]] to create the U.S. Fish Commission. It was established by a joint resolution (16 Stat. 593) of the [[United States Congress]] on February 9, 1871,<ref>{{citation | chapter-url = https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/022.html#22.3 | chapter = 22.3, General records of the U.S. Fish Commission and the Bureau of Fisheries, 1870-1940 | title = Records of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] | publisher = The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration | access-date = September 11, 2017}}</ref> as an independent agency of the U.S. Government with a mandate to investigate the causes for the decrease of commercial [[fish]] and other aquatic animals in the coastal and inland waters of the United States, to recommend remedies to the U.S. Congress and the [[U.S. state|states]], and to oversee restoration efforts.<ref name=circ97p5>Circular 97, p. 5.</ref> With a budget of [[USD|US$]]5,000, it began operations in 1871, organized to engage in scientific, [[Statistics|statistical]], and economic investigations of U.S. fisheries to study the "decrease of the [[Fish as food|food fishes]] of the seacoasts and to suggest remedial measures."<ref name=circ97p5/> | ||
An expansion of the Fish Commission's mission followed quickly, when insistence by the [[American Fish Culturalist Association]] spurred the Congress in 1872 to add [[fish culture]] to the Fish Commission's responsibilities, with an appropriation of US$15,000 to establish [[Fish hatchery|fish hatcheries]] for the propagation of food fishes along the seacoasts and in the lakes of the United States.<ref name=circ97p5/> Following this change, the commission was organized into three divisions: the '''Division of Inquiry respecting Food-Fishes and Fishing Grounds''', the '''Division of Fisheries''', and the '''Division of Fish-Culture'''.<ref>{{cite journal | title = The United States Fish Commission | first = Charles H. | last = Stevenson | journal = The North American Review | date = April 1903 | pages = 593–601 }}</ref> The commission was led first by [[Spencer F. Baird]],<ref name=Ichthyology /> then [[George Brown Goode]], [[Marshall McDonald]], [[John J. Brice]], and finally [[George Meade Bowers|George M. Bowers]]. | An expansion of the Fish Commission's mission followed quickly, when insistence by the [[American Fish Culturalist Association]] spurred the Congress in 1872 to add [[fish culture]] to the Fish Commission's responsibilities, with an appropriation of US$15,000 to establish [[Fish hatchery|fish hatcheries]] for the propagation of food fishes along the seacoasts and in the lakes of the United States.<ref name=circ97p5/> Following this change, the commission was organized into three divisions: the '''Division of Inquiry respecting Food-Fishes and Fishing Grounds''', the '''Division of Fisheries''', and the '''Division of Fish-Culture'''.<ref>{{cite journal | title = The United States Fish Commission | first = Charles H. | last = Stevenson | journal = The North American Review | date = April 1903 | pages = 593–601 }}</ref> The commission was led first by [[Spencer F. Baird]],<ref name=Ichthyology /> then [[George Brown Goode]], [[Marshall McDonald]], [[John J. Brice]], and finally [[George Meade Bowers|George M. Bowers]]. | ||