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Federal Air Marshal Service: Difference between revisions
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A small force of Federal Air Marshals were retrained at the FAA starting in 1974.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} The personnel trained under this program was limited to 10–12 people. For the next several years after customs security officer disbandment, the FAA air marshals rarely flew missions.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} | A small force of Federal Air Marshals were retrained at the FAA starting in 1974.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} The personnel trained under this program was limited to 10–12 people. For the next several years after customs security officer disbandment, the FAA air marshals rarely flew missions.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} | ||
In 1985, President [[Ronald Reagan]] requested the expansion of the program and [[United States Congress|Congress]] enacted the [[International Security and Development Cooperation Act]], which expanded the statutes that supported the Federal Air Marshal Service.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} The FAM program was begun in response to domestic hijackings and FAM operational flights were almost exclusively conducted on domestic U.S. flights until 1985. After the hijacking of [[TWA Flight 847]] in 1985 and the enactment of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act, the number of FAMs was increased and their focus became international U.S. air carrier operations.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} Due to resistance of several countries including the | In 1985, President [[Ronald Reagan]] requested the expansion of the program and [[United States Congress|Congress]] enacted the [[International Security and Development Cooperation Act]], which expanded the statutes that supported the Federal Air Marshal Service.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} The FAM program was begun in response to domestic hijackings and FAM operational flights were almost exclusively conducted on domestic U.S. flights until 1985. After the hijacking of [[TWA Flight 847]] in 1985 and the enactment of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act, the number of FAMs was increased and their focus became international U.S. air carrier operations.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} Due to resistance of several countries including the United Kingdom and [[Germany]] to having individuals carrying firearms entering their countries, the coverage of international flights was initially limited. Resistance to the entrance of armed personnel to their countries was overcome through negotiations and agreements about the terms and handling of weapons when they were brought in country. Hence, the FAMs could operate worldwide in carrying out their mission to protect U.S. aviation from hijackings.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} | ||
Air marshals were originally designated as [[U.S. Customs]] security officers assigned by order of President Kennedy on an as-needed basis, and later were specially trained FAA personnel.<ref>[http://www.tsa.gov/lawenforcement/mission/index.shtm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915100024/http://www.tsa.gov/lawenforcement/mission/index.shtm|date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> The customs officers were phased out in 1974.<ref name=books.google.com /> Many of them transferred to the FAA's Civil Aviation Security Division to serve as aviation security inspectors and also in the volunteer FAM program directed by the FAA's Civil Aviation Security Division (later renamed the ''Office of Civil Aviation Security''). This program later became non-voluntary, required of all FAA Inspectors, breeding other problems within the FAA's Office of Civil Aviation Security. In 1992, Retired Major General [[Orlo Steele]], then the Associate Administrator for Civil Aviation Security, hired [[Greg McLaughlin]] as Director of the Federal Air Marshal Program. McLaughlin was hired as an air marshal after the hijacking of TWA 847 and was working in Frankfurt, Germany, investigating the bombing of [[Pan Am Flight 103|Pan Am 103]]. McLaughlin turned the Federal Air Marshal Program into an all-voluntary program. The voluntary nature of the program and efforts by McLaughlin and Steele turned the small force of Federal Air Marshals into an extremely capable one. From 1992 to just after the attacks on 9/11, the air marshals had one of the toughest firearms qualification standards in the world. A study from the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) later came out with a classified report during this time period, placing Federal Air Marshals among the top 1% of combat shooters in the world. This is no longer the case due to changes in capabilities and training.<ref name=books.google.com /> | Air marshals were originally designated as [[U.S. Customs]] security officers assigned by order of President Kennedy on an as-needed basis, and later were specially trained FAA personnel.<ref>[http://www.tsa.gov/lawenforcement/mission/index.shtm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915100024/http://www.tsa.gov/lawenforcement/mission/index.shtm|date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> The customs officers were phased out in 1974.<ref name=books.google.com /> Many of them transferred to the FAA's Civil Aviation Security Division to serve as aviation security inspectors and also in the volunteer FAM program directed by the FAA's Civil Aviation Security Division (later renamed the ''Office of Civil Aviation Security''). This program later became non-voluntary, required of all FAA Inspectors, breeding other problems within the FAA's Office of Civil Aviation Security. In 1992, Retired Major General [[Orlo Steele]], then the Associate Administrator for Civil Aviation Security, hired [[Greg McLaughlin]] as Director of the Federal Air Marshal Program. McLaughlin was hired as an air marshal after the hijacking of TWA 847 and was working in Frankfurt, Germany, investigating the bombing of [[Pan Am Flight 103|Pan Am 103]]. McLaughlin turned the Federal Air Marshal Program into an all-voluntary program. The voluntary nature of the program and efforts by McLaughlin and Steele turned the small force of Federal Air Marshals into an extremely capable one. From 1992 to just after the attacks on 9/11, the air marshals had one of the toughest firearms qualification standards in the world. A study from the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) later came out with a classified report during this time period, placing Federal Air Marshals among the top 1% of combat shooters in the world. This is no longer the case due to changes in capabilities and training.<ref name=books.google.com /> | ||