Medicare: Difference between revisions

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 Congress further expanded Medicare in 2001 to cover younger people with [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease). As the years progressed, Congress expanded Medicare eligibility to younger people with permanent disabilities who receive [[Social Security Disability Insurance]] (SSDI) payments and to those with [[end-stage renal disease]] (ESRD).
-The association with HMOs that began in the 1970s was formalized and expanded under President [[Bill Clinton]] in 1997 as Medicare Part C (although not all Part C health plans sponsors have to be HMOs, about 75% are). In 2003, under President [[George W. Bush]], a [[Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act|Medicare program for covering almost all self-administered prescription drugs]] was passed (and went into effect in 2006) as Medicare Part D.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medicare Modernization Act |url=https://www.ssa.gov/privacy/pia/Medicare%20Modernization%20Act%20(MMA)%20FY07.htm |website=Social Security |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>
+The association with HMOs that began in the 1970s was formalized and expanded under President [[Bill Clinton]] in 1997 as Medicare Part C (although not all Part C health plans sponsors have to be HMOs, about 75% are). In 2003, under President George W. Bush, a [[Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act|Medicare program for covering almost all self-administered prescription drugs]] was passed (and went into effect in 2006) as Medicare Part D.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medicare Modernization Act |url=https://www.ssa.gov/privacy/pia/Medicare%20Modernization%20Act%20(MMA)%20FY07.htm |website=Social Security |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>
 ==Administration==
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 President [[Bill Clinton]] attempted an overhaul of Medicare through his [[1993 Clinton health care plan|health care reform plan]] in 1993–1994 but was unable to get the legislation passed by Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/28/us/clinton-s-health-plan-overview-congress-given-clinton-proposal-for-health-care.html|title=Clinton's Health Plan: The Overview – Congress Is Given Clinton Proposal for Health Care|last=Pear|first=Robert|date=1993-10-28|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-18|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-In 2003, [[United States Congress|Congress]] passed the [[Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act]], which President [[George W. Bush]] signed into law on December 8, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hastert |first=J. Dennis |date=2003-12-08 |title=H.R.1 – 108th Congress (2003–2004): Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/108th-congress/house-bill/1 |access-date=2019-12-18 |website=congress.gov}}</ref> Part of this legislation included filling gaps in prescription-drug coverage left by the Medicare Secondary Payer Act that was enacted in 1980. The 2003 bill strengthened the Workers' Compensation Medicare Set-Aside Program (WCMSA) that is monitored and administered by CMS.
+In 2003, [[United States Congress|Congress]] passed the [[Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act]], which President George W. Bush signed into law on December 8, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hastert |first=J. Dennis |date=2003-12-08 |title=H.R.1 – 108th Congress (2003–2004): Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/108th-congress/house-bill/1 |access-date=2019-12-18 |website=congress.gov}}</ref> Part of this legislation included filling gaps in prescription-drug coverage left by the Medicare Secondary Payer Act that was enacted in 1980. The 2003 bill strengthened the Workers' Compensation Medicare Set-Aside Program (WCMSA) that is monitored and administered by CMS.
 On August 1, 2007, the US House of Representatives voted to reduce payments to Medicare Advantage providers in order to pay for expanded coverage of children's health under the [[State Children's Health Insurance Program|SCHIP]] program. As of 2008, Medicare Advantage plans cost, on average, 13 percent more per person insured for like beneficiaries than direct payment plans.<ref>{{cite news |first=Aliza |last=Marcus |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601070&sid=a8.4kZl7x03E&refer=home |title=Senate Vote on Doctor Fees Carries Risks for McCain |newspaper=Bloomberg News |date=July 9, 2008 }}</ref> Many health economists have concluded that payments to Medicare Advantage providers have been excessive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://homehealthcarenews.com/2019/12/medpac-pushes-for-7-medicare-payment-cut-for-home-health-agencies/|title=MedPAC Pushes for 7% Medicare Payment Cut for Home Health Agencies|last=Holly|first=Robert|date=2019-12-16|website=Home Health Care News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/13/us/politics/medicare-claims-private-plans.html|title=Medicare Advantage Plans Found to Improperly Deny Many Claims|last=Pear|first=Robert|date=2018-10-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-18|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The Senate, after heavy lobbying from the insurance industry, declined to agree to the cuts in Medicare Advantage proposed by the House. President Bush subsequently vetoed the SCHIP extension.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/02/health/policy/02health.html |title=House Passes Children's Health Plan 225–204 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 2, 2007 |last=Pear |first=Robert}}</ref>