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Military Academy: Difference between revisions
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In 1985, cadets were formally authorized to declare an academic major; all previous graduates had been awarded a general bachelor of science degree. Five years later there was a major revision of the ''Fourth Class System'', as the Cadet Leader Development System (CLDS) became the guidance for the development of all four classes.<ref name="changeform"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usma.edu/Bicentennial/history/1980.asp|title=Years of Continuity and Progress|work=USMA Bicentennial|publisher=United States Military Academy|access-date=16 December 2008|archive-date=7 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107212939/http://www.usma.edu/Bicentennial/history/1980.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> The class of 1990 was the first one to be issued a standard and mandatory computer to every member of the class at the beginning of Plebe year, the [[Zenith 248 SX]]. The academy was also an early adopter of the Internet in the mid-1990s, and was recognized in 2006 as one of the nation's "most wired" campuses.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2075080,00.asp|title=Top 20 Most Wired Campuses|work=PC Magazine|access-date=20 December 2008|first=Susie|last=Parker-Perry|date=20 December 2006}}</ref> | In 1985, cadets were formally authorized to declare an academic major; all previous graduates had been awarded a general bachelor of science degree. Five years later there was a major revision of the ''Fourth Class System'', as the Cadet Leader Development System (CLDS) became the guidance for the development of all four classes.<ref name="changeform"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usma.edu/Bicentennial/history/1980.asp|title=Years of Continuity and Progress|work=USMA Bicentennial|publisher=United States Military Academy|access-date=16 December 2008|archive-date=7 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107212939/http://www.usma.edu/Bicentennial/history/1980.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> The class of 1990 was the first one to be issued a standard and mandatory computer to every member of the class at the beginning of Plebe year, the [[Zenith 248 SX]]. The academy was also an early adopter of the Internet in the mid-1990s, and was recognized in 2006 as one of the nation's "most wired" campuses.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2075080,00.asp|title=Top 20 Most Wired Campuses|work=PC Magazine|access-date=20 December 2008|first=Susie|last=Parker-Perry|date=20 December 2006}}</ref> | ||
During the [[Gulf War]], alumnus General [[Norman Schwarzkopf|Schwarzkopf]] was the commander of Allied Forces, and the American senior generals in [[Iraq]], Generals [[David Petraeus|Petraeus]], [[Raymond T. Odierno|Odierno]] and [[Lloyd J. Austin|Austin]], and Afghanistan, retired General [[Stanley McChrystal]] and General [[David M. Rodriguez|David Rodriguez]], are also alumni. Following the [[September 11 attacks]], applications for admission to the academy increased dramatically, security on campus was increased, and the curriculum was revamped to include coursework on terrorism and military drills in civilian environments.<ref name="Sept11">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B01E3DB1F39F935A25750C0A9649C8B63 |title=For a Bastion of Tradition, A New World; Events of Sept. 11 Altered West Point, Too |work=The New York Times |date=16 March 2002 |access-date=25 January 2009|last=Foderaro |first=Lisa}}</ref> One graduate was killed during the 9/11 terrorist attacks and ninety graduates have died during operations in [[Operation Enduring Freedom|Afghanistan]], [[Operation Iraqi Freedom|Iraq]], and the ongoing [[War on Terror|Global War on Terror]].<ref>{{cite web |title=In Memoriam |publisher=West Point Association of Graduates |url=http://www.westpointaog.org/page.aspx?pid=734 |access-date=20 January 2013 |archive-date=20 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320165606/http://www.westpointaog.org/page.aspx?pid=734 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hampson |first=Rick |title=West Point's Quiet Place of Honor, Lost Dreams |newspaper= | During the [[Gulf War]], alumnus General [[Norman Schwarzkopf|Schwarzkopf]] was the commander of Allied Forces, and the American senior generals in [[Iraq]], Generals [[David Petraeus|Petraeus]], [[Raymond T. Odierno|Odierno]] and [[Lloyd J. Austin|Austin]], and Afghanistan, retired General [[Stanley McChrystal]] and General [[David M. Rodriguez|David Rodriguez]], are also alumni. Following the [[September 11 attacks]], applications for admission to the academy increased dramatically, security on campus was increased, and the curriculum was revamped to include coursework on terrorism and military drills in civilian environments.<ref name="Sept11">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B01E3DB1F39F935A25750C0A9649C8B63 |title=For a Bastion of Tradition, A New World; Events of Sept. 11 Altered West Point, Too |work=The New York Times |date=16 March 2002 |access-date=25 January 2009|last=Foderaro |first=Lisa}}</ref> One graduate was killed during the 9/11 terrorist attacks and ninety graduates have died during operations in [[Operation Enduring Freedom|Afghanistan]], [[Operation Iraqi Freedom|Iraq]], and the ongoing [[War on Terror|Global War on Terror]].<ref>{{cite web |title=In Memoriam |publisher=West Point Association of Graduates |url=http://www.westpointaog.org/page.aspx?pid=734 |access-date=20 January 2013 |archive-date=20 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320165606/http://www.westpointaog.org/page.aspx?pid=734 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hampson |first=Rick |title=West Point's Quiet Place of Honor, Lost Dreams |newspaper=USA Today |date=28 December 2011 |page=1}}</ref> The Class of 2005 has been referred to as [[Class of 9/11|The Class of 9/11]] as the attacks occurred during their first year at the academy, and they graduated 911 students. In 2008 gender-neutral lyrics were incorporated into West Point's "Alma Mater" and "The Corps" – replacing lines like "The men of the Corps" with "The ranks of the Corps."<ref>{{cite web|author=<!-- Byline --> The Associated Press |url=http://www.armytimes.com/article/20080604/NEWS/806040313/West-Point-adopts-gender-neutral-song-lyrics |title=West Point adopts gender-neutral song lyrics | Army Times |publisher=armytimes.com |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In December 2009, President [[Barack Obama]] delivered a major speech in Eisenhower Hall Theater outlining his policy for [[Military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)#2009|deploying 30,000 additional troops]] to [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan]] as well as setting a timetable for withdrawal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/02/arts/television/02watch.htm |first=Alessandra |last=Stanley |title=Before Audience of Cadets, a Sobering Message of War |work=The New York Times |date=1 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/02/world/asia/02prexy.html |title=Obama Adds Troops, but Maps Exit Plan |first1=Sheryl Gay |last1=Stolberg |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |date=1 December 2009 |work=The New York Times }}</ref> President Obama also provided the commencement address in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/05/28/remarks-president-united-states-military-academy-commencement-ceremony|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|title=Remarks by the President at the United States Military Academy Commencement Ceremony|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|date=28 May 2014}}</ref> | ||
After the [[Don't ask, don't tell|Don't Ask, Don't Tell]] policy [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010|was lifted]] 20 September 2011, the academy began admitting and retaining openly gay cadets. By March 2012, cadets were forming a gay-straight alliance group called Spectrum.<ref>{{cite news|title = Gay pride groups appear at U.S. military academies - CNN.com|url = http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/31/us/military-academies-gay-pride/index.html|website = CNN|access-date = 2015-09-27}}</ref> By March 2015, Spectrum had two faculty and 40 cadet members, a mixture of gay, straight, bi, and undecided. According to a Vanity Fair essay, the LGBT cadets were well accepted.<ref>{{cite web |title = So What's It Like to Be a Gay Cadet at West Point These Days?|url = https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/06/being-gay-west-point-after-dont-ask-dont-tell|access-date = 2015-09-27|first = Dave|last = Cullen |website = [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date = 30 June 2015}}</ref> After the ban on transgender service members was lifted in 2016, the Class of 2017 saw the first openly transgender graduate. However, she was denied a commission and was honorably discharged.<ref>{{cite news |title = Loophole in Rules on Transgender Troops Denies 2 Their Commissions|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/us/loophole-in-rules-on-transgender-troops-denies-2-their-commissions.html |access-date = 2017-10-20|first = Sheryl|last = Stolberg |newspaper = The New York Times|date = 26 May 2017 }}</ref> | After the [[Don't ask, don't tell|Don't Ask, Don't Tell]] policy [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010|was lifted]] 20 September 2011, the academy began admitting and retaining openly gay cadets. By March 2012, cadets were forming a gay-straight alliance group called Spectrum.<ref>{{cite news|title = Gay pride groups appear at U.S. military academies - CNN.com|url = http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/31/us/military-academies-gay-pride/index.html|website = CNN|access-date = 2015-09-27}}</ref> By March 2015, Spectrum had two faculty and 40 cadet members, a mixture of gay, straight, bi, and undecided. According to a Vanity Fair essay, the LGBT cadets were well accepted.<ref>{{cite web |title = So What's It Like to Be a Gay Cadet at West Point These Days?|url = https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/06/being-gay-west-point-after-dont-ask-dont-tell|access-date = 2015-09-27|first = Dave|last = Cullen |website = [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date = 30 June 2015}}</ref> After the ban on transgender service members was lifted in 2016, the Class of 2017 saw the first openly transgender graduate. However, she was denied a commission and was honorably discharged.<ref>{{cite news |title = Loophole in Rules on Transgender Troops Denies 2 Their Commissions|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/us/loophole-in-rules-on-transgender-troops-denies-2-their-commissions.html |access-date = 2017-10-20|first = Sheryl|last = Stolberg |newspaper = The New York Times|date = 26 May 2017 }}</ref> | ||
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West Point's [[Cadet Honor Code]] reads simply that: "A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://admissions.usma.edu/faq_about.html|title=FAQs – About West Point|publisher=USMA Office of Admissions|access-date=31 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101202604/http://admissions.usma.edu/faq_about.html|archive-date=1 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cadets accused of violating the Honor Code face an investigative and hearing process. If they are found guilty by a jury of their peers, they face severe consequences ranging from being "turned back" (repeating an academic year) to separation from the academy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usma.edu/Committees/Honor/index.htm|title=Cadet Honor Committee|publisher=United States Military Academy|access-date=19 December 2008|archive-date=8 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108051949/http://www.usma.edu/Committees/Honor/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cadets previously enforced collective censure by an unofficial sanction known as "silencing" by not speaking to cadets accused of violating the honor code, but the practice ended in 1973 after national scrutiny.<ref>{{cite news |title=Silent Agony Ends for Cadet at Point |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/06/07/archives/silent-agony-ends-for-cadet-at-point-on-graduation-dayatwest-point.html |last=Greenhouse |first=Linda |work=The New York Times |date=7 June 1973|page=93}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Cadet Committee at West Point Does Away with 'The Silence' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/12/archives/cadet-committee-at-west-point-does-away-with-the-silence-cadet.html |last=Feron |first=James |work=The New York Times |date=12 September 1973}}</ref> | West Point's [[Cadet Honor Code]] reads simply that: "A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://admissions.usma.edu/faq_about.html|title=FAQs – About West Point|publisher=USMA Office of Admissions|access-date=31 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101202604/http://admissions.usma.edu/faq_about.html|archive-date=1 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cadets accused of violating the Honor Code face an investigative and hearing process. If they are found guilty by a jury of their peers, they face severe consequences ranging from being "turned back" (repeating an academic year) to separation from the academy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usma.edu/Committees/Honor/index.htm|title=Cadet Honor Committee|publisher=United States Military Academy|access-date=19 December 2008|archive-date=8 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108051949/http://www.usma.edu/Committees/Honor/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cadets previously enforced collective censure by an unofficial sanction known as "silencing" by not speaking to cadets accused of violating the honor code, but the practice ended in 1973 after national scrutiny.<ref>{{cite news |title=Silent Agony Ends for Cadet at Point |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/06/07/archives/silent-agony-ends-for-cadet-at-point-on-graduation-dayatwest-point.html |last=Greenhouse |first=Linda |work=The New York Times |date=7 June 1973|page=93}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Cadet Committee at West Point Does Away with 'The Silence' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/12/archives/cadet-committee-at-west-point-does-away-with-the-silence-cadet.html |last=Feron |first=James |work=The New York Times |date=12 September 1973}}</ref> | ||
Although the academy's honor code is well known and has been influential for many other colleges and universities, the academy has experienced several significant violations. For example, 151 junior cadets were found guilty of "violating the honor code" in their exams in 1976.<ref>From [[The Economist]] magazine, [https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21610180-rise-ronald-reagan-meant-far-more-victory-republicans-purpose-and?fsrc=scn/tw/te/pe/ed/purposeandworth accessible here (see final paragraph marked '''correction''')]. The corrected article is dated 1 September 2014; accessed 8 September 2014.</ref> In 2020, more than 70 cadets were also accused of cheating on exams.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/12/21/west-point-catches-70-cadets-worst-cheating-scandal-50-years/5856130002/ |title=West Point accuses more than 70 cadets of cheating in worst academic scandal in nearly 45 years |first=Tom |last=Vanden Brook |website= | Although the academy's honor code is well known and has been influential for many other colleges and universities, the academy has experienced several significant violations. For example, 151 junior cadets were found guilty of "violating the honor code" in their exams in 1976.<ref>From [[The Economist]] magazine, [https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21610180-rise-ronald-reagan-meant-far-more-victory-republicans-purpose-and?fsrc=scn/tw/te/pe/ed/purposeandworth accessible here (see final paragraph marked '''correction''')]. The corrected article is dated 1 September 2014; accessed 8 September 2014.</ref> In 2020, more than 70 cadets were also accused of cheating on exams.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/12/21/west-point-catches-70-cadets-worst-cheating-scandal-50-years/5856130002/ |title=West Point accuses more than 70 cadets of cheating in worst academic scandal in nearly 45 years |first=Tom |last=Vanden Brook |website=USA Today |date=21 December 2020 |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> | ||
== Cadet life == | == Cadet life == | ||