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The [[Province of Georgia]] was established in 1732, with its first settlement occurring in 1733 when [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] was founded. By 1752, Georgia had transitioned into a British [[Crown colony|royal colony]], making it the last and southernmost of the original [[Thirteen Colonies]].<ref name="GAHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/georgia|title=Georgia - Atlanta, Sherman's March & Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]] |access-date=|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604111023/https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/georgia|url-status=live|date = December 21, 2022}}</ref> Named in honor of King [[George II of Great Britain]], the Georgia Colony extended from South Carolina down to [[Spanish Florida]] and westward to [[Louisiana (New France)|French Louisiana]] along the [[Mississippi River]]. On January 2, 1788, Georgia became the fourth state to [[ratification|ratify]] the [[Constitution of the United States|United States Constitution]].<ref name= "newgaencyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/RevolutionaryEra&id=h-3729|title=New Georgia Encyclopaedia |encyclopedia= [[The New Georgia Encyclopedia]]|access-date=February 20, 2012|archive-date=May 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513144539/http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=%2FHistoryArchaeology%2FRevolutionaryEra&id=h-3729 |url-status=dead}}</ref>  
The [[Province of Georgia]] was established in 1732, with its first settlement occurring in 1733 when [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] was founded. By 1752, Georgia had transitioned into a British [[Crown colony|royal colony]], making it the last and southernmost of the original [[Thirteen Colonies]].<ref name="GAHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/georgia|title=Georgia - Atlanta, Sherman's March & Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]] |access-date=|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604111023/https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/georgia|url-status=live|date = December 21, 2022}}</ref> Named in honor of King [[George II of Great Britain]], the Georgia Colony extended from South Carolina down to [[Spanish Florida]] and westward to [[Louisiana (New France)|French Louisiana]] along the [[Mississippi River]]. On January 2, 1788, Georgia became the fourth state to [[ratification|ratify]] the [[Constitution of the United States|United States Constitution]].<ref name= "newgaencyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/RevolutionaryEra&id=h-3729|title=New Georgia Encyclopaedia |encyclopedia= [[The New Georgia Encyclopedia]]|access-date=February 20, 2012|archive-date=May 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513144539/http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=%2FHistoryArchaeology%2FRevolutionaryEra&id=h-3729 |url-status=dead}}</ref>  


Between 1802 and 1804, a portion of western Georgia was carved out to create the [[Mississippi Territory]], which eventually became the U.S. states of [[Alabama]] and [[Mississippi]]. Georgia declared its [[Secession in the United States|secession]] from the Union on January 19, 1861, joining the ranks of the original seven [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]]. After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], it was the last state to be readmitted to the Union on July 15, 1870.<ref name="newgaencyclopedia"/> In the late 19th century, during the post-[[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]] period, Georgia's economy underwent significant changes, driven by a coalition of influential politicians, business leaders, and journalists, notably [[Henry W. Grady]], who promoted the "[[New South]]" ideology focused on reconciliation and [[industrialization in the United States|industrialization]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/henry-w-grady-1850-1889|title=Henry W. Grady (1850–1889)|last=Grem|first=Darren|date=January 20, 2004 |website= New Georgia Encyclopedia|access-date=September 27, 2019|archive-date=September 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903210709/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/henry-w-grady-1850-1889|url-status=live}}</ref>
Between 1802 and 1804, a portion of western Georgia was carved out to create the [[Mississippi Territory]], which eventually became the U.S. states of [[Alabama]] and [[Mississippi]]. Georgia declared its [[Secession in the United States|secession]] from the Union on January 19, 1861, joining the ranks of the original seven [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]]. After the Civil War, it was the last state to be readmitted to the Union on July 15, 1870.<ref name="newgaencyclopedia"/> In the late 19th century, during the post-[[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]] period, Georgia's economy underwent significant changes, driven by a coalition of influential politicians, business leaders, and journalists, notably [[Henry W. Grady]], who promoted the "[[New South]]" ideology focused on reconciliation and [[industrialization in the United States|industrialization]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/henry-w-grady-1850-1889|title=Henry W. Grady (1850–1889)|last=Grem|first=Darren|date=January 20, 2004 |website= New Georgia Encyclopedia|access-date=September 27, 2019|archive-date=September 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903210709/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/henry-w-grady-1850-1889|url-status=live}}</ref>


In the mid-20th century, several notable figures from Georgia, including [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], emerged as key leaders in the [[civil rights movement]].<ref name="newgaencyclopedia" /> Atlanta was chosen to host the [[1996 Summer Olympics]], celebrating the centennial of the modern [[Olympic Games]]. Since 1945, Georgia has experienced significant population and economic expansion, aligning with the larger [[Sun Belt]] trend. Between 2007 and 2008, 14 of [[Counties of Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia's counties]] were listed among the 100 fastest-growing in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times-herald.com/Local/Coweta-is-the-41st-fastest-growing-county-in-United-States-690912|title=Coweta is the 41st fastest growing county in United States|publisher=The Times-Herald |first1= Ellen |last1=Corker |date=March 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213185542/http://www.times-herald.com/Local/Coweta-is-the-41st-fastest-growing-county-in-United-States-690912|archive-date=December 13, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref>
In the mid-20th century, several notable figures from Georgia, including [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], emerged as key leaders in the [[civil rights movement]].<ref name="newgaencyclopedia" /> Atlanta was chosen to host the [[1996 Summer Olympics]], celebrating the centennial of the modern [[Olympic Games]]. Since 1945, Georgia has experienced significant population and economic expansion, aligning with the larger [[Sun Belt]] trend. Between 2007 and 2008, 14 of [[Counties of Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia's counties]] were listed among the 100 fastest-growing in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times-herald.com/Local/Coweta-is-the-41st-fastest-growing-county-in-United-States-690912|title=Coweta is the 41st fastest growing county in United States|publisher=The Times-Herald |first1= Ellen |last1=Corker |date=March 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213185542/http://www.times-herald.com/Local/Coweta-is-the-41st-fastest-growing-county-in-United-States-690912|archive-date=December 13, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref>
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[[File:Battle of Kenesaw Mountian.png|thumb|left|The [[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain]], 1864]]
[[File:Battle of Kenesaw Mountian.png|thumb|left|The [[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain]], 1864]]
In early 1861, Georgia joined the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] (with secessionists having a slight majority of delegates)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/georgia-secession-convention-1861|title=Georgia Secession Convention of 1861|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia|publisher=Georgia Humanities |first1= George |last1=Justice |date=2006 |orig-date=June 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127205831/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/georgia-secession-convention-1861|archive-date=January 27, 2019|access-date=January 27, 2019}}</ref> and became a major [[Theater (warfare)|theater]] of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. Major battles took place at [[Battle of Chickamauga|Chickamauga]], [[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain|Kennesaw Mountain]], and [[Atlanta]]. In December 1864, a large swath of the state from Atlanta to [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] was destroyed during General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]]'s [[Sherman's March to the Sea|March to the Sea]]. 18,253 Georgian soldiers died in service, roughly one of every five who served.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=unfit |url=http://www1.legis.ga.gov/legis/2011_12/versions/hr989_LC_94_5133_a_2.htm |title=A Resolution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030065659/http://www1.legis.ga.gov/legis/2011_12/versions/hr989_LC_94_5133_a_2.htm |archive-date=October 30, 2012 |author=Georgia General Assembly |access-date=June 26, 2012 |id=11 LC 94 5133, House Resolution 989 }}</ref> In 1870, following the [[Reconstruction era]], Georgia became the last Confederate state to be restored to the [[United States|Union]].
In early 1861, Georgia joined the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] (with secessionists having a slight majority of delegates)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/georgia-secession-convention-1861|title=Georgia Secession Convention of 1861|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia|publisher=Georgia Humanities |first1= George |last1=Justice |date=2006 |orig-date=June 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127205831/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/georgia-secession-convention-1861|archive-date=January 27, 2019|access-date=January 27, 2019}}</ref> and became a major [[Theater (warfare)|theater]] of the Civil War. Major battles took place at [[Battle of Chickamauga|Chickamauga]], [[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain|Kennesaw Mountain]], and [[Atlanta]]. In December 1864, a large swath of the state from Atlanta to [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] was destroyed during General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]]'s [[Sherman's March to the Sea|March to the Sea]]. 18,253 Georgian soldiers died in service, roughly one of every five who served.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=unfit |url=http://www1.legis.ga.gov/legis/2011_12/versions/hr989_LC_94_5133_a_2.htm |title=A Resolution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030065659/http://www1.legis.ga.gov/legis/2011_12/versions/hr989_LC_94_5133_a_2.htm |archive-date=October 30, 2012 |author=Georgia General Assembly |access-date=June 26, 2012 |id=11 LC 94 5133, House Resolution 989 }}</ref> In 1870, following the [[Reconstruction era]], Georgia became the last Confederate state to be restored to the [[United States|Union]].


[[File:Sign at bus terminal in Rome, Georgia.jpg|thumb|upright|"Colored" waiting room sign in 1943 for a bus terminal in [[Rome, Georgia]], where [[Jim Crow laws]] created "de jure" legally required [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]]]]
[[File:Sign at bus terminal in Rome, Georgia.jpg|thumb|upright|"Colored" waiting room sign in 1943 for a bus terminal in [[Rome, Georgia]], where [[Jim Crow laws]] created "de jure" legally required [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]]]]
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