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National Academy of Sciences: Difference between revisions
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Although hailed as a great step forward in government recognition of the role of science in American society, at the time, the National Academy of Sciences created enormous ill-feelings among scientists,<ref name=Miller/> whether or not they were named as incorporators. | Although hailed as a great step forward in government recognition of the role of science in American society, at the time, the National Academy of Sciences created enormous ill-feelings among scientists,<ref name=Miller/> whether or not they were named as incorporators. | ||
The act states:<blockquote>[T]he Academy shall, whenever called upon by any department of the Government, investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art, the actual expense of such investigations, examinations, experiments, and reports to be paid from appropriations which may be made for the purpose, but the Academy shall receive no compensation whatever for any services to the Government of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/Other/Act_to_incorporate.asp|title=An Act to Incorporate the National Academy of Sciences|publisher=.nationalacademies.org|author=OCGA|access-date=2012-03-12|archive-date=April 17, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070417074050/http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/Other/Act_to_incorporate.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote>The National Academies did not solve the problems facing a nation in | The act states:<blockquote>[T]he Academy shall, whenever called upon by any department of the Government, investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art, the actual expense of such investigations, examinations, experiments, and reports to be paid from appropriations which may be made for the purpose, but the Academy shall receive no compensation whatever for any services to the Government of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/Other/Act_to_incorporate.asp|title=An Act to Incorporate the National Academy of Sciences|publisher=.nationalacademies.org|author=OCGA|access-date=2012-03-12|archive-date=April 17, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070417074050/http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/Other/Act_to_incorporate.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote>The National Academies did not solve the problems facing a nation in Civil War as the Lazzaroni had hoped, nor did it centralize American scientific efforts.<ref name=Miller/> However, election to the National Academy did come to be considered "the pinnacle of scientific achievement for Americans" until the establishment of the Nobel Prize at the end of the 19th century.<ref name="Stankus p. ">{{cite book | last=Stankus | first=Tony | editor-last=Stankus | editor-first=Tony | title=Scientific Journals | publisher=Routledge | date=December 6, 2019 | isbn=978-1-003-00222-2 | doi=10.4324/9781003002222 | page=| s2cid=34142177 }}</ref>{{Rp|30}} | ||
In 1870, the congressional charter was amended to remove the limitation on the number of members.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Chronicle of Public Laws Calling for Action by the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, [and] National Research Council |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PiYrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA7 |access-date=March 22, 2014 |year=1985 |publisher=National Academies |location=Washington, DC |page=5 |id=NAP:11820}} [16 Stat. 277 and 36 U.S.C. § 252], Accessed at [[Google Books]]</ref> | In 1870, the congressional charter was amended to remove the limitation on the number of members.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Chronicle of Public Laws Calling for Action by the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, [and] National Research Council |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PiYrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA7 |access-date=March 22, 2014 |year=1985 |publisher=National Academies |location=Washington, DC |page=5 |id=NAP:11820}} [16 Stat. 277 and 36 U.S.C. § 252], Accessed at [[Google Books]]</ref> | ||