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'''Washington, D.C.''', formally the '''District of Columbia''' and commonly known as '''Washington''' or '''D.C.''', is the [[capital city]] and [[Federal district of the United States|federal district]] of the [[United States]]. The city is on the [[Potomac River]], across from [[Virginia]], and shares land borders with [[Maryland]] to its north and east. It was named after [[George Washington]], the first [[president of the United States]]. The district is named after [[Columbia (personification)|Columbia]], the female [[National personification|personification of the nation]].
'''Washington, D.C.''', formally the '''District of Columbia''' and commonly known as '''Washington''' or '''D.C.''', is the [[capital city]] and [[Federal district of the United States|federal district]] of the [[United States]]. The city is on the [[Potomac River]], across from [[Virginia]], and shares land borders with [[Maryland]] to its north and east. It was named after [[George Washington]], the first [[president of the United States]]. The district is named after [[Columbia (personification)|Columbia]], the female [[National personification|personification of the nation]].


The [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]] in 1789 called for the creation of a [[federal district]] under the [[District of Columbia home rule|exclusive jurisdiction]] of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]. As such, Washington, D.C., is not part of any [[U.S. state|state]], and is not one itself. The [[Residence Act]], adopted on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the [[Capital districts and territories|capital district]] along the Potomac River. The city was founded in 1791, and the [[6th United States Congress|6th Congress]] held the first session in the unfinished [[United States Capitol|Capitol Building]] in 1800 after the capital moved from [[Philadelphia]]. In 1801, the District of Columbia, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia and including the existing settlements of [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]] and [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]], was officially recognized as the federal district; initially, the city was a separate settlement within the larger district. In 1846, Congress [[District of Columbia retrocession|returned the land originally ceded by Virginia]], including the city of Alexandria. In 1871, it created a [[District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871|single municipality]] for the remaining portion of the district. There have been several unsuccessful [[District of Columbia statehood movement|efforts to make the district into a state]] since the 1880s; a [[Washington, D.C., Admission Act|statehood bill]] passed the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] in 2021 but was not adopted by the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]. To become law it would have to be passed by the Senate and signed by president; it would have renamed the city ''Washington, Douglas Commonwealth'' and shrunk the Federal District to about the size of the national mall.
The [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]] in 1789 called for the creation of a [[federal district]] under the [[District of Columbia home rule|exclusive jurisdiction]] of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]. As such, Washington, D.C., is not part of any [[U.S. state|state]], and is not one itself. The [[Residence Act]], adopted on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the [[Capital districts and territories|capital district]] along the Potomac River. The city was founded in 1791, and the [[6th United States Congress|6th Congress]] held the first session in the unfinished [[United States Capitol|Capitol Building]] in 1800 after the capital moved from Philadelphia. In 1801, the District of Columbia, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia and including the existing settlements of [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]] and [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]], was officially recognized as the federal district; initially, the city was a separate settlement within the larger district. In 1846, Congress [[District of Columbia retrocession|returned the land originally ceded by Virginia]], including the city of Alexandria. In 1871, it created a [[District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871|single municipality]] for the remaining portion of the district. There have been several unsuccessful [[District of Columbia statehood movement|efforts to make the district into a state]] since the 1880s; a [[Washington, D.C., Admission Act|statehood bill]] passed the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] in 2021 but was not adopted by the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]. To become law it would have to be passed by the Senate and signed by president; it would have renamed the city ''Washington, Douglas Commonwealth'' and shrunk the Federal District to about the size of the national mall.


[[L'Enfant Plan|Designed in 1791]] by [[Pierre Charles L'Enfant]], the city is divided into [[Quadrants of Washington, D.C.|quadrants]], which are centered around the Capitol Building and include 131 [[Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.|neighborhoods]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city had a population of 689,545.<ref name="QuickFacts" /> Commuters from the city's Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one&nbsp;million during the workweek.<ref name="U.S. Department of Commerce">{{cite web |title=Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/migration/metxmet/a47900.html |website=U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce |access-date=April 12, 2017 |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419231809/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/migration/metxmet/a47900.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Washington metropolitan area]], which includes parts of Maryland, Virginia, and [[West Virginia]], is the country's [[Metropolitan statistical area|seventh-largest metropolitan area]], with a 2023 population of 6.3&nbsp;million residents.<ref name="MetroEst" /> [[Mayor of the District of Columbia|A locally elected mayor]] and [[Council of the District of Columbia|13-member council]] have governed the district since 1973, though Congress retains the power to overturn local laws. Washington, D.C., residents are, on the federal level, [[disenfranchisement|politically disenfranchised]] since the city's residents do not have voting representation in Congress; the city's residents elect a single [[Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives|non-voting congressional delegate]] to the U.S. House of Representatives. The city's voters choose three [[United States Electoral College|presidential electors]] in accordance with the [[Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-third Amendment]], passed in 1961.
[[L'Enfant Plan|Designed in 1791]] by [[Pierre Charles L'Enfant]], the city is divided into [[Quadrants of Washington, D.C.|quadrants]], which are centered around the Capitol Building and include 131 [[Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.|neighborhoods]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city had a population of 689,545.<ref name="QuickFacts" /> Commuters from the city's Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one&nbsp;million during the workweek.<ref name="U.S. Department of Commerce">{{cite web |title=Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/migration/metxmet/a47900.html |website=U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce |access-date=April 12, 2017 |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419231809/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/migration/metxmet/a47900.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Washington metropolitan area]], which includes parts of Maryland, Virginia, and [[West Virginia]], is the country's [[Metropolitan statistical area|seventh-largest metropolitan area]], with a 2023 population of 6.3&nbsp;million residents.<ref name="MetroEst" /> [[Mayor of the District of Columbia|A locally elected mayor]] and [[Council of the District of Columbia|13-member council]] have governed the district since 1973, though Congress retains the power to overturn local laws. Washington, D.C., residents are, on the federal level, [[disenfranchisement|politically disenfranchised]] since the city's residents do not have voting representation in Congress; the city's residents elect a single [[Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives|non-voting congressional delegate]] to the U.S. House of Representatives. The city's voters choose three [[United States Electoral College|presidential electors]] in accordance with the [[Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-third Amendment]], passed in 1961.
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=== Founding ===
=== Founding ===
[[File:USCapitol1800.jpg|thumb|left|The [[United States Congress]] began assembling in the new [[United States Capitol]] in 1800 after the nation's capital was moved from [[Philadelphia]].]]
[[File:USCapitol1800.jpg|thumb|left|The [[United States Congress]] began assembling in the new [[United States Capitol]] in 1800 after the nation's capital was moved from Philadelphia.]]


[[List of capitals in the United States#National capitals|Nine cities served as capitals]] to the [[Continental Congress]] and under the [[Articles of Confederation]]. New York City was the first capital upon the adoption of the [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]], succeeded by [[Philadelphia]], which was capital from 1790 to 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=The Nine Capitals of the United States |url=http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226113429/http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |archive-date=2012-02-26 |access-date= |website=[[Senate.gov]]}}</ref>
[[List of capitals in the United States#National capitals|Nine cities served as capitals]] to the [[Continental Congress]] and under the [[Articles of Confederation]]. New York City was the first capital upon the adoption of the [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]], succeeded by Philadelphia, which was capital from 1790 to 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=The Nine Capitals of the United States |url=http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226113429/http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |archive-date=2012-02-26 |access-date= |website=[[Senate.gov]]}}</ref>


On October 6, 1783, after the capital was forced by the [[Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783]] to move to Princeton, Congress resolved to consider a new location for it.<ref name="JCC120">{{cite journal |url=https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=120&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1 |journal=Journals of the Continental Congress |date=October 1783 |page=647 |title=October 6, 1783 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]]: [[American Memory]] |access-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-date=January 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115011035/https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=120&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day, [[Elbridge Gerry]] of Massachusetts moved "that buildings for the use of Congress be erected on the banks of the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] near [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], or of the [[Potomac River|Potomac]], near [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]], provided a suitable district can be procured on one of the rivers as aforesaid, for a federal town".<ref name="JCC127">{{cite journal |url=https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=127&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1 |journal=Journals of the Continental Congress |date=October 1783 |page=654 |title=October 7, 1783 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]]: [[American Memory]] |access-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114184055/https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=127&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On October 6, 1783, after the capital was forced by the [[Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783]] to move to Princeton, Congress resolved to consider a new location for it.<ref name="JCC120">{{cite journal |url=https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=120&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1 |journal=Journals of the Continental Congress |date=October 1783 |page=647 |title=October 6, 1783 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]]: [[American Memory]] |access-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-date=January 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115011035/https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=120&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day, [[Elbridge Gerry]] of Massachusetts moved "that buildings for the use of Congress be erected on the banks of the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] near [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], or of the [[Potomac River|Potomac]], near [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]], provided a suitable district can be procured on one of the rivers as aforesaid, for a federal town".<ref name="JCC127">{{cite journal |url=https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=127&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1 |journal=Journals of the Continental Congress |date=October 1783 |page=654 |title=October 7, 1783 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]]: [[American Memory]] |access-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114184055/https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=127&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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The highest natural elevation in the district is {{convert|409|ft|m}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] at [[Fort Reno Park]] in upper [[Northwest (Washington, D.C.)|northwest Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/17/AR2008041703859.html |title=D.C.'s Puny Peak Enough to Pump Up 'Highpointers' |last=Dvorak |first=Petula |date=April 18, 2008 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |pages=B01 |access-date=February 25, 2009 |archive-date=May 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504041548/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/17/AR2008041703859.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The lowest point is sea level at the Potomac River.<ref>{{cite book |last=Winegar |first=Deane |title=Highroad Guide to the Chesapeake Bay |year=2003 |publisher=John F. Blair |isbn=978-0-89587-279-1 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMejFkODGIcC |access-date=June 16, 2015 |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905233645/https://books.google.com/books?id=bMejFkODGIcC |url-status=live }}</ref> The geographic center of Washington is near the intersection of 4th and L streets NW.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=DC |title=Science in Your State: District of Columbia |access-date=July 7, 2008 |date=July 30, 2007 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |archive-date=June 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627001203/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=DC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Reilly |first=Mollie |title=Washington's Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales—Some of Which Are True |url=http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/washingtons-myths-legends-and-tall-talessome-of-which-are-true/ |access-date=August 29, 2011 |newspaper=Washingtonian |date=May 12, 2012 |archive-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417214351/http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/washingtons-myths-legends-and-tall-talessome-of-which-are-true/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=legend>{{cite news |first=John |last=Kelly |title=Washington Built on a Swamp? Think Again. |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=April 1, 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/washington-built-on-a-swamp-think-again/2012/03/31/gIQA7BfBpS_story.html |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=December 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209115258/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/washington-built-on-a-swamp-think-again/2012/03/31/gIQA7BfBpS_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
The highest natural elevation in the district is {{convert|409|ft|m}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] at [[Fort Reno Park]] in upper [[Northwest (Washington, D.C.)|northwest Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/17/AR2008041703859.html |title=D.C.'s Puny Peak Enough to Pump Up 'Highpointers' |last=Dvorak |first=Petula |date=April 18, 2008 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |pages=B01 |access-date=February 25, 2009 |archive-date=May 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504041548/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/17/AR2008041703859.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The lowest point is sea level at the Potomac River.<ref>{{cite book |last=Winegar |first=Deane |title=Highroad Guide to the Chesapeake Bay |year=2003 |publisher=John F. Blair |isbn=978-0-89587-279-1 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMejFkODGIcC |access-date=June 16, 2015 |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905233645/https://books.google.com/books?id=bMejFkODGIcC |url-status=live }}</ref> The geographic center of Washington is near the intersection of 4th and L streets NW.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=DC |title=Science in Your State: District of Columbia |access-date=July 7, 2008 |date=July 30, 2007 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |archive-date=June 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627001203/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=DC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Reilly |first=Mollie |title=Washington's Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales—Some of Which Are True |url=http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/washingtons-myths-legends-and-tall-talessome-of-which-are-true/ |access-date=August 29, 2011 |newspaper=Washingtonian |date=May 12, 2012 |archive-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417214351/http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/washingtons-myths-legends-and-tall-talessome-of-which-are-true/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=legend>{{cite news |first=John |last=Kelly |title=Washington Built on a Swamp? Think Again. |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=April 1, 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/washington-built-on-a-swamp-think-again/2012/03/31/gIQA7BfBpS_story.html |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=December 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209115258/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/washington-built-on-a-swamp-think-again/2012/03/31/gIQA7BfBpS_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


The district has {{convert|7464|acre|km2}} of parkland, about 19% of the city's total area, the second-highest among high-density U.S. cities after [[Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-city-park-facts-2011.pdf |title=2011 City Park Facts |year=2011 |publisher=[[The Trust for Public Land]] |access-date=December 9, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114132741/http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-city-park-facts-2011.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The city's sizable parkland was a factor in the city being ranked as third in the nation for park access and quality in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the park systems of the nation's 100 most populous cities, according to [[Trust for Public Land]], a non-profit organization.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php |title=ParkScore |website= parkscore.tpl.org |language=en-US |access-date=May 23, 2018 |archive-date=May 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524003623/http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The district has {{convert|7464|acre|km2}} of parkland, about 19% of the city's total area, the second-highest among high-density U.S. cities after Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-city-park-facts-2011.pdf |title=2011 City Park Facts |year=2011 |publisher=[[The Trust for Public Land]] |access-date=December 9, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114132741/http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-city-park-facts-2011.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The city's sizable parkland was a factor in the city being ranked as third in the nation for park access and quality in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the park systems of the nation's 100 most populous cities, according to [[Trust for Public Land]], a non-profit organization.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php |title=ParkScore |website= parkscore.tpl.org |language=en-US |access-date=May 23, 2018 |archive-date=May 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524003623/http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>


The [[National Park Service]] manages most of the {{convert|9122|acre|km2}} of city land owned by the U.S. government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comparison of Federally Owned Land with Total Acreage of States |url=http://www.blm.gov/public_land_statistics/pls99/99pl1-3.pdf |publisher=Bureau of Land Management |access-date=July 19, 2011 |year=1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016174341/http://www.blm.gov/public_land_statistics/pls99/99pl1-3.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2011}}</ref> Rock Creek Park is a {{convert|1754|acre|km2|adj=on}} urban forest in Northwest Washington, which extends {{convert|9.3|mi|km}} through a stream valley that bisects the city. Established in 1890, it is the country's fourth-oldest national park and is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including raccoon, deer, owls, and coyotes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rock Creek Park |url=http://www2.nature.nps.gov/geology/parks/rocr/index.cfm |work=Geology Fieldnotes |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=February 3, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204002946/http://www2.nature.nps.gov/geology/parks/rocr/index.cfm |archive-date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> Other National Park Service properties include the [[Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park]], the [[National Mall and Memorial Parks]], [[Theodore Roosevelt Island]], [[Columbia Island (District of Columbia)|Columbia Island]], [[Fort Dupont Park]], [[Meridian Hill Park]], [[Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens]], and [[Anacostia Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/state/dc/list.htm |title=District of Columbia |access-date=October 16, 2011 |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |archive-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016040110/http://www.nps.gov/state/dc/list.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation]] maintains the city's {{convert|900|acres|km2}} of athletic fields and playgrounds, 40 swimming pools, and 68 recreation centers.<ref>{{cite web |title=FY12 Performance Plan |url=http://oca.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/oca/publication/attachments/DPR12.pdf |publisher=D.C. Department of Parks and Recreation |access-date=February 3, 2013 |archive-date=May 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509090305/http://oca.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/oca/publication/attachments/DPR12.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[United States Department of Agriculture|U.S. Department of Agriculture]] operates the {{convert|446|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[United States National Arboretum]] in [[Northeast (Washington, D.C.)|Northeast Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.usda.gov/Information/historymissn.html |title=U.S. National Arboretum History and Mission |access-date=July 7, 2008 |date=October 16, 2007 |publisher=[[United States National Arboretum]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805235639/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Information/historymissn.html |archive-date=August 5, 2011}}</ref>
The [[National Park Service]] manages most of the {{convert|9122|acre|km2}} of city land owned by the U.S. government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comparison of Federally Owned Land with Total Acreage of States |url=http://www.blm.gov/public_land_statistics/pls99/99pl1-3.pdf |publisher=Bureau of Land Management |access-date=July 19, 2011 |year=1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016174341/http://www.blm.gov/public_land_statistics/pls99/99pl1-3.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2011}}</ref> Rock Creek Park is a {{convert|1754|acre|km2|adj=on}} urban forest in Northwest Washington, which extends {{convert|9.3|mi|km}} through a stream valley that bisects the city. Established in 1890, it is the country's fourth-oldest national park and is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including raccoon, deer, owls, and coyotes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rock Creek Park |url=http://www2.nature.nps.gov/geology/parks/rocr/index.cfm |work=Geology Fieldnotes |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=February 3, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204002946/http://www2.nature.nps.gov/geology/parks/rocr/index.cfm |archive-date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> Other National Park Service properties include the [[Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park]], the [[National Mall and Memorial Parks]], [[Theodore Roosevelt Island]], [[Columbia Island (District of Columbia)|Columbia Island]], [[Fort Dupont Park]], [[Meridian Hill Park]], [[Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens]], and [[Anacostia Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/state/dc/list.htm |title=District of Columbia |access-date=October 16, 2011 |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |archive-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016040110/http://www.nps.gov/state/dc/list.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation]] maintains the city's {{convert|900|acres|km2}} of athletic fields and playgrounds, 40 swimming pools, and 68 recreation centers.<ref>{{cite web |title=FY12 Performance Plan |url=http://oca.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/oca/publication/attachments/DPR12.pdf |publisher=D.C. Department of Parks and Recreation |access-date=February 3, 2013 |archive-date=May 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509090305/http://oca.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/oca/publication/attachments/DPR12.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[United States Department of Agriculture|U.S. Department of Agriculture]] operates the {{convert|446|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[United States National Arboretum]] in [[Northeast (Washington, D.C.)|Northeast Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.usda.gov/Information/historymissn.html |title=U.S. National Arboretum History and Mission |access-date=July 7, 2008 |date=October 16, 2007 |publisher=[[United States National Arboretum]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805235639/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Information/historymissn.html |archive-date=August 5, 2011}}</ref>
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