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In 1890, one year after Rodgers' departure from ONI, the office was transferred from the [[Bureau of Navigation (U.S. Navy)|Bureau of Navigation]] to the [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]], solidifying its key role in the Navy's growth and development. ONI's emergence as a proper naval [[military intelligence|intelligence]] arm began in earnest with the [[Spanish–American War]] of 1898. Naval operations were critical in the conflict, and ONI was responsible for protecting Navy personnel, providing tactical support, and implementing counter-intelligence measures. Nevertheless, weaknesses in its intelligence gathering were revealed.
In 1890, one year after Rodgers' departure from ONI, the office was transferred from the [[Bureau of Navigation (U.S. Navy)|Bureau of Navigation]] to the [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]], solidifying its key role in the Navy's growth and development. ONI's emergence as a proper naval [[military intelligence|intelligence]] arm began in earnest with the [[Spanish–American War]] of 1898. Naval operations were critical in the conflict, and ONI was responsible for protecting Navy personnel, providing tactical support, and implementing counter-intelligence measures. Nevertheless, weaknesses in its intelligence gathering were revealed.


ONI grew in prominence under President [[Theodore Roosevelt]], a former [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy]] and naval enthusiast. His [[Big Stick Policy|expansionist foreign policy]] — and the central role the U.S. Navy played therein — made maritime intelligence more crucial. The sailing of the "[[Great White Fleet]]" around the world between 1906 and 1907, which included sixteen newly constructed steel [[battleships]], showcased new-found American seapower and validated ONI's efforts. By 1911, the U.S. was constructing [[super-dreadnought]]s at a pace that would eventually become competitive with Britain's [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Brien |first=Phillips P. |title=British and American Naval Power: Politics and Policy, 1900–1936 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gf1_mPYBwS8C&pg=PP1 |pages=7, 154–156 |year=1998 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-95898-5}}</ref>
ONI grew in prominence under President Theodore Roosevelt, a former [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy]] and naval enthusiast. His [[Big Stick Policy|expansionist foreign policy]] — and the central role the U.S. Navy played therein — made maritime intelligence more crucial. The sailing of the "[[Great White Fleet]]" around the world between 1906 and 1907, which included sixteen newly constructed steel [[battleships]], showcased new-found American seapower and validated ONI's efforts. By 1911, the U.S. was constructing [[super-dreadnought]]s at a pace that would eventually become competitive with Britain's [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Brien |first=Phillips P. |title=British and American Naval Power: Politics and Policy, 1900–1936 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gf1_mPYBwS8C&pg=PP1 |pages=7, 154–156 |year=1998 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-95898-5}}</ref>


American entry into the [[First World War]] in 1917 marked a turning point in the office's history. President [[Woodrow Wilson]] was an exponent of the importance of a strong navy to U.S. defense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/famous-navy-quotes.html |title=Famous Navy Quotes: Who Said Them&nbsp;... and When |publisher=[[Naval History & Heritage Command]] |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=27 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727135050/https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/famous-navy-quotes.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Under his administration, Congress authorized ONI's first major increase in personnel and funding, and expanded its role to include domestic security operations — namely the protection of U.S. ports, harbors, and maritime facilities from enemy infiltration and sabotage. ONI's mandate often entailed partnering with the departments of State, War, Justice, Commerce, and Labor. Due to the increasingly sensitive nature of its work, ONI also began to censor radio and mail communications, which further marked its development as a major intelligence office.
American entry into the [[First World War]] in 1917 marked a turning point in the office's history. President [[Woodrow Wilson]] was an exponent of the importance of a strong navy to U.S. defense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/famous-navy-quotes.html |title=Famous Navy Quotes: Who Said Them&nbsp;... and When |publisher=[[Naval History & Heritage Command]] |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=27 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727135050/https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/famous-navy-quotes.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Under his administration, Congress authorized ONI's first major increase in personnel and funding, and expanded its role to include domestic security operations — namely the protection of U.S. ports, harbors, and maritime facilities from enemy infiltration and sabotage. ONI's mandate often entailed partnering with the departments of State, War, Justice, Commerce, and Labor. Due to the increasingly sensitive nature of its work, ONI also began to censor radio and mail communications, which further marked its development as a major intelligence office.
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