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===Iran=== | ===Iran=== | ||
In the early 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency and Britain's [[Secret Intelligence Service]] were ordered to overthrow the democratically-elected government of Iran, Prime Minister [[Mohammed Mosaddeq]], and re-install deposed [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.payk.net/politics/cia-docs/published/one-main/main.html |title=Clandestine Service History: Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran – November 1952 – August 1953 |publisher=WebCite |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702032442/http://web.payk.net/politics/cia-docs/published/one-main/main.html |archive-date=July 2, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> This event was called [[Operation Ajax]].<ref>O'Reilly, Kevin (2007). ''Decision Making in U.S. History: The Cold War & the 1950s''. Social Studies. p. 108. {{ISBN|1560042931}}.</ref><ref>Mohammed Amjad. ''Iran: From Royal Dictatorship to Theocracy''. Greenwood Press, 1989. p. 62 "the United States had decided to save the 'free world' by overthrowing the democratically elected government of Mossadegh."</ref> The senior CIA officer was [[Kermit Roosevelt, Jr.]], the grandson of American president | In the early 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency and Britain's [[Secret Intelligence Service]] were ordered to overthrow the democratically-elected government of Iran, Prime Minister [[Mohammed Mosaddeq]], and re-install deposed [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.payk.net/politics/cia-docs/published/one-main/main.html |title=Clandestine Service History: Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran – November 1952 – August 1953 |publisher=WebCite |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702032442/http://web.payk.net/politics/cia-docs/published/one-main/main.html |archive-date=July 2, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> This event was called [[Operation Ajax]].<ref>O'Reilly, Kevin (2007). ''Decision Making in U.S. History: The Cold War & the 1950s''. Social Studies. p. 108. {{ISBN|1560042931}}.</ref><ref>Mohammed Amjad. ''Iran: From Royal Dictatorship to Theocracy''. Greenwood Press, 1989. p. 62 "the United States had decided to save the 'free world' by overthrowing the democratically elected government of Mossadegh."</ref> The senior CIA officer was [[Kermit Roosevelt, Jr.]], the grandson of American president Theodore Roosevelt. The operation utilized all of SAC's components to include political action, covert influence, and paramilitary operations. The paramilitary component included training anti-Communist guerrillas to fight the [[Tudeh Party]] if ''they'' seized power in the chaos of Operation Ajax.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 1953 Coup D'etat in Iran |url=http://iran.sa.utoronto.ca/coup/web_files/markcoup.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615004457/http://iran.sa.utoronto.ca/coup/web_files/markcoup.html |archive-date=June 15, 2009 |url-status=live |access-date=June 6, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> Although a significant tactical/operational success, Operation Ajax is considered very controversial with many critics.<ref>Stephen Kinzer, ''All the Shah's Men" An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror'', John Wiley and Sons, 2003, p. 215</ref> | ||
In November 1979, a group of [[Islamism|Islamist]] students and militants took over the American embassy in support of the [[Iranian Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyguy.com/iran-us_hostage_crisis.html|title=Iran-U.S. Hostage Crisis (1979–1981)|publisher=Historyguy.com|access-date=May 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162638/https://www.historyguy.com/iran-us_hostage_crisis.html|archive-date=June 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Operation Eagle Claw]] was the unsuccessful [[Military of the United States|United States military]] [[military operation|operation]] that attempted to rescue the [[Iran hostage crisis|52 hostages]] from the U.S. Embassy in [[Tehran]], Iran on April 24, 1980. Several SAC/SOG teams infiltrated into Tehran to support this operation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/05/the-desert-one-debacle/304803/|title=The Desert One Debacle|first=Mark|last=Bowden|date=May 1, 2006|work=The Atlantic|access-date=December 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301011314/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/05/the-desert-one-debacle/304803/|archive-date=March 1, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | In November 1979, a group of [[Islamism|Islamist]] students and militants took over the American embassy in support of the [[Iranian Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyguy.com/iran-us_hostage_crisis.html|title=Iran-U.S. Hostage Crisis (1979–1981)|publisher=Historyguy.com|access-date=May 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162638/https://www.historyguy.com/iran-us_hostage_crisis.html|archive-date=June 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Operation Eagle Claw]] was the unsuccessful [[Military of the United States|United States military]] [[military operation|operation]] that attempted to rescue the [[Iran hostage crisis|52 hostages]] from the U.S. Embassy in [[Tehran]], Iran on April 24, 1980. Several SAC/SOG teams infiltrated into Tehran to support this operation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/05/the-desert-one-debacle/304803/|title=The Desert One Debacle|first=Mark|last=Bowden|date=May 1, 2006|work=The Atlantic|access-date=December 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301011314/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/05/the-desert-one-debacle/304803/|archive-date=March 1, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||