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The '''John F. Kennedy Space Center''' ('''KSC''', originally known as the NASA '''Launch Operations Center'''), located on [[Merritt Island]], [[Florida]], is one of the [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]'s (NASA) ten [[NASA facilities#List of field centers|field centers]]. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the [[Apollo Program|Apollo]], [[Skylab]] and [[Space Shuttle Program|Space Shuttle]] programs were carried out from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39]] and managed by KSC.<ref>{{cite web |title = Kennedy Space Center Implementing NASA's Strategies |url = http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/codez/plans/KSCImp00.pdf |publisher = NASA |access-date = November 5, 2015 |year = 2000 |archive-date = November 13, 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221113184022/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/codez/plans/KSCImp00.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]] (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and operate facilities on each other's property.
The '''John F. Kennedy Space Center''' ('''KSC''', originally known as the NASA '''Launch Operations Center'''), located on [[Merritt Island]], [[Florida]], is one of the [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]'s (NASA) ten [[NASA facilities#List of field centers|field centers]]. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the [[Apollo Program|Apollo]], [[Skylab]] and [[Space Shuttle Program|Space Shuttle]] programs were carried out from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39]] and managed by KSC.<ref>{{cite web |title = Kennedy Space Center Implementing NASA's Strategies |url = http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/codez/plans/KSCImp00.pdf |publisher = NASA |access-date = November 5, 2015 |year = 2000 |archive-date = November 13, 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221113184022/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/codez/plans/KSCImp00.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]] (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and operate facilities on each other's property.


Though the first Apollo flights and all [[Project Mercury]] and [[Project Gemini]] flights took off from the then-Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the launches were managed by KSC and its previous organization, the Launch Operations Directorate.<ref>{{cite web |title = Appendix 10 – Government Organizations Supporting Project Mercury |url = https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4001/app10.htm |website = NASA History Program Office |publisher = NASA |access-date = November 6, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = 2. Project Support from the NASA Centers |url = https://history.nasa.gov/SP-45/ch2.htm |website = Mercury Project Summary (NASA SP-45) |date = October 1963 |publisher = NASA |access-date = November 6, 2015 }}</ref> Starting with the fourth Gemini mission, the NASA launch control center in Florida ([[Mercury Control Center]], later the [[Launch Control Center]]) began handing off control of the vehicle to the [[Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center|Mission Control Center]] in [[Houston]], shortly after liftoff; in prior missions it held control throughout the entire mission.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mercury Mission Control|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/history/MCCgallery/|publisher=NASA|access-date=November 6, 2015|archive-date=March 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307170437/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/history/MCCgallery/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Lipartito">{{cite book|last1=Lipartito|first1=Kenneth|last2=Butler|first2=Orville|title='A History of the Kennedy Space Center|date=2007|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-3069-2|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofkennedy00lipa}}</ref>
Though the first Apollo flights and all [[Project Mercury]] and [[Project Gemini]] flights took off from the then-Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the launches were managed by KSC and its previous organization, the Launch Operations Directorate.<ref>{{cite web |title = Appendix 10 – Government Organizations Supporting Project Mercury |url = https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4001/app10.htm |website = NASA History Program Office |publisher = NASA |access-date = November 6, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = 2. Project Support from the NASA Centers |url = https://history.nasa.gov/SP-45/ch2.htm |website = Mercury Project Summary (NASA SP-45) |date = October 1963 |publisher = NASA |access-date = November 6, 2015 }}</ref> Starting with the fourth Gemini mission, the NASA launch control center in Florida ([[Mercury Control Center]], later the [[Launch Control Center]]) began handing off control of the vehicle to the [[Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center|Mission Control Center]] in Houston, shortly after liftoff; in prior missions it held control throughout the entire mission.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mercury Mission Control|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/history/MCCgallery/|publisher=NASA|access-date=November 6, 2015|archive-date=March 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307170437/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/history/MCCgallery/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Lipartito">{{cite book|last1=Lipartito|first1=Kenneth|last2=Butler|first2=Orville|title='A History of the Kennedy Space Center|date=2007|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-3069-2|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofkennedy00lipa}}</ref>


Additionally, the center manages launch of robotic and commercial crew missions and researches food production and [[in-situ resource utilization]] for off-Earth exploration.<ref name="Research & Tech">{{cite web|title=Research & Technology|url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/exploration/researchtech/index.html|website=Kennedy Space Center|date=March 3, 2015|publisher=NASA|access-date=November 5, 2015}}</ref> Since 2010, the center has worked to become a multi-user [[spaceport]] through industry partnerships,<ref>{{cite web|title=NASA Partnerships Launch Multi-User Spaceport|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-partnerships-launch-multi-user-spaceport|publisher=NASA|access-date=November 5, 2015|date=May 1, 2014}}</ref> even adding a new launch pad ([[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39#Launch Pad 39C|LC-39C]]) in 2015.
Additionally, the center manages launch of robotic and commercial crew missions and researches food production and [[in-situ resource utilization]] for off-Earth exploration.<ref name="Research & Tech">{{cite web|title=Research & Technology|url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/exploration/researchtech/index.html|website=Kennedy Space Center|date=March 3, 2015|publisher=NASA|access-date=November 5, 2015}}</ref> Since 2010, the center has worked to become a multi-user [[spaceport]] through industry partnerships,<ref>{{cite web|title=NASA Partnerships Launch Multi-User Spaceport|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-partnerships-launch-multi-user-spaceport|publisher=NASA|access-date=November 5, 2015|date=May 1, 2014}}</ref> even adding a new launch pad ([[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39#Launch Pad 39C|LC-39C]]) in 2015.
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