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Delaware: Difference between revisions
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'''Delaware''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Delaware.ogg|ˈ|d|ɛ|l|ə|w|ɛər}} {{respell|DEL|ə|wair}})<ref>''[[Random House Dictionary]]''</ref> is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|Mid-Atlantic]] and [[South Atlantic states]]<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf}}</ref> region of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/regions/mid-atlantic/|title=Mid-Atlantic Home : Mid–Atlantic Information Office : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|website=bls.gov|access-date=July 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408092405/https://www.bls.gov/regions/mid-atlantic/|archive-date=April 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> It borders [[Maryland]] to its south and west, [[Pennsylvania]] to its north, [[New Jersey]] to its northeast, and the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to its east. The state's name derives from the adjacent [[Delaware Bay]], which in turn was named after [[Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr]], an English nobleman and the [[Colony of Virginia]]'s first colonial-era governor.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Delaware |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Delaware |url-status=live |dictionary=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=February 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012121643/http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=Delaware |archive-date=October 12, 2007}}</ref> | '''Delaware''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Delaware.ogg|ˈ|d|ɛ|l|ə|w|ɛər}} {{respell|DEL|ə|wair}})<ref>''[[Random House Dictionary]]''</ref> is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|Mid-Atlantic]] and [[South Atlantic states]]<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf}}</ref> region of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/regions/mid-atlantic/|title=Mid-Atlantic Home : Mid–Atlantic Information Office : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|website=bls.gov|access-date=July 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408092405/https://www.bls.gov/regions/mid-atlantic/|archive-date=April 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> It borders [[Maryland]] to its south and west, [[Pennsylvania]] to its north, [[New Jersey]] to its northeast, and the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to its east. The state's name derives from the adjacent [[Delaware Bay]], which in turn was named after [[Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr]], an English nobleman and the [[Colony of Virginia]]'s first colonial-era governor.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Delaware |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Delaware |url-status=live |dictionary=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=February 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012121643/http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=Delaware |archive-date=October 12, 2007}}</ref> | ||
Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the [[Delmarva Peninsula]], and some islands and territory within the [[Delaware River]]. It is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|second-smallest]] and [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|sixth-least populous]] state, but also the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population density|sixth-most densely populated]]. Delaware's [[List of municipalities in Delaware|most populous city]] is [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]], and the state's [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] is [[Dover, Delaware|Dover]], the [[List of municipalities in Delaware|second-most populous city in Delaware]]. The state is divided into [[List of counties in Delaware|three counties]], the fewest number of counties of any of the 50 U.S. states;{{efn|Unless one counts Louisiana and Alaska, which use [[List of parishes in Louisiana|parishes]] and [[List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska|boroughs]] as county equivalents respectively, and therefore both have zero counties.}} from north to south, the three counties are: [[New Castle County, Delaware|New Castle County]], [[Kent County, Delaware|Kent County]], and [[Sussex County, Delaware|Sussex County]]. The southern two counties, Kent and Sussex counties, historically have been predominantly agrarian economies. New Castle is more [[Urbanized area|urbanized]] and is considered part of the [[Delaware Valley]] metropolitan statistical area that surrounds | Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the [[Delmarva Peninsula]], and some islands and territory within the [[Delaware River]]. It is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|second-smallest]] and [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|sixth-least populous]] state, but also the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population density|sixth-most densely populated]]. Delaware's [[List of municipalities in Delaware|most populous city]] is [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]], and the state's [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] is [[Dover, Delaware|Dover]], the [[List of municipalities in Delaware|second-most populous city in Delaware]]. The state is divided into [[List of counties in Delaware|three counties]], the fewest number of counties of any of the 50 U.S. states;{{efn|Unless one counts Louisiana and Alaska, which use [[List of parishes in Louisiana|parishes]] and [[List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska|boroughs]] as county equivalents respectively, and therefore both have zero counties.}} from north to south, the three counties are: [[New Castle County, Delaware|New Castle County]], [[Kent County, Delaware|Kent County]], and [[Sussex County, Delaware|Sussex County]]. The southern two counties, Kent and Sussex counties, historically have been predominantly agrarian economies. New Castle is more [[Urbanized area|urbanized]] and is considered part of the [[Delaware Valley]] metropolitan statistical area that surrounds Philadelphia. Delaware is considered part of the [[Southern United States]] by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], but the state's geography, culture, and history are a hybrid of the Mid-Atlantic and [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]] regions of the country.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-17 |title=Census Regions and Divisions of the United States |url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092445/http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref> | ||
Before the Delaware coastline was explored and developed by [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] in the 16th century, the state was inhabited by several [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribes, including the [[Lenape]] in the north and [[Nanticoke people|Nanticoke]] in the south. The state was first colonized by [[Dutch people|Dutch]] traders at [[Zwaanendael Colony|Zwaanendael]], near present-day [[Lewes, Delaware]], in 1631. Delaware was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that participated in the [[American Revolution]] against [[British Army during the American Revolutionary War|Great Britain]], which established the United States as an independent nation. On December 7, 1787, Delaware was the first state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States]], earning it the nickname "The First State".<ref>"The First to Ratify" would be more accurate, as the beginnings of the states themselves date back to the Declaration of Independence, celebrated July 4, 1776, when what was to become the State of Delaware was still the three lower counties of Pennsylvania with the governor in Philadelphia, and not establishing independence from that body until [[Delaware Constitution of 1776#Background|September 20, 1776]]. According to Delaware's own website, "Delaware became a state in 1776, just two months after the signing of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]." (ref-[http://delaware.gov/facts/DelawareFactsandSymbols.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223143442/http://delaware.gov/facts/DelawareFactsandSymbols.pdf |date=December 23, 2016 }}) Delaware was the last of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] to establish itself as a state following the end of the Revolutionary War. The [[50 State Quarters#Designs|Delaware State Quarter]] is minted with this nickname, but shows [[Caesar Rodney#American Revolution|Caesar Rodney]] on horseback in commemoration of his role as the final delegate to arrive at the [[Continental Congress]] in | Before the Delaware coastline was explored and developed by [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] in the 16th century, the state was inhabited by several [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribes, including the [[Lenape]] in the north and [[Nanticoke people|Nanticoke]] in the south. The state was first colonized by [[Dutch people|Dutch]] traders at [[Zwaanendael Colony|Zwaanendael]], near present-day [[Lewes, Delaware]], in 1631. Delaware was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that participated in the [[American Revolution]] against [[British Army during the American Revolutionary War|Great Britain]], which established the United States as an independent nation. On December 7, 1787, Delaware was the first state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States]], earning it the nickname "The First State".<ref>"The First to Ratify" would be more accurate, as the beginnings of the states themselves date back to the Declaration of Independence, celebrated July 4, 1776, when what was to become the State of Delaware was still the three lower counties of Pennsylvania with the governor in Philadelphia, and not establishing independence from that body until [[Delaware Constitution of 1776#Background|September 20, 1776]]. According to Delaware's own website, "Delaware became a state in 1776, just two months after the signing of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]." (ref-[http://delaware.gov/facts/DelawareFactsandSymbols.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223143442/http://delaware.gov/facts/DelawareFactsandSymbols.pdf |date=December 23, 2016 }}) Delaware was the last of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] to establish itself as a state following the end of the Revolutionary War. The [[50 State Quarters#Designs|Delaware State Quarter]] is minted with this nickname, but shows [[Caesar Rodney#American Revolution|Caesar Rodney]] on horseback in commemoration of his role as the final delegate to arrive at the [[Continental Congress]] in Philadelphia for the historic vote for independence on July 4, 1776, which was adopted unanimously by the 56 delegates. Delaware was the [[Articles of Confederation#Ratification|12th of the 13 states to ratify]] the [[Articles of Confederation]], which pre-dated the [[United States Constitution]].</ref> | ||
Since the turn of the 20th century, Delaware has become an onshore [[corporate haven]] whose [[Delaware General Corporation Law|corporate laws]] are deemed appealing to corporations; over half of all [[New York Stock Exchange]]-listed corporations and over three-fifths of the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] are legally incorporated in Delaware. Over 90% of all U.S. based companies that went [[initial public offering|public]] in 2021 incorporated themselves in Delaware.<ref name=DelawareCorporateSafeHaven>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/13/why-more-than-60percent-of-fortune-500-companies-incorporated-in-delaware.html|title=Here's why more than 60% of Fortune 500 companies are incorporated in Delaware|author=Charlotte Morabito|publisher=[[CNBC]]|date=March 13, 2023|access-date= August 2, 2024|quote=“When you want to go global and you’ve incorporated in Canada, no one is going to look at you at all,” said Cleanster.com co-founder and CEO Gloria Oppong. “Delaware protects both ourselves, the entrepreneurs, and also the investors eventually that are going to be joining on.”}}</ref> | Since the turn of the 20th century, Delaware has become an onshore [[corporate haven]] whose [[Delaware General Corporation Law|corporate laws]] are deemed appealing to corporations; over half of all [[New York Stock Exchange]]-listed corporations and over three-fifths of the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] are legally incorporated in Delaware. Over 90% of all U.S. based companies that went [[initial public offering|public]] in 2021 incorporated themselves in Delaware.<ref name=DelawareCorporateSafeHaven>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/13/why-more-than-60percent-of-fortune-500-companies-incorporated-in-delaware.html|title=Here's why more than 60% of Fortune 500 companies are incorporated in Delaware|author=Charlotte Morabito|publisher=[[CNBC]]|date=March 13, 2023|access-date= August 2, 2024|quote=“When you want to go global and you’ve incorporated in Canada, no one is going to look at you at all,” said Cleanster.com co-founder and CEO Gloria Oppong. “Delaware protects both ourselves, the entrepreneurs, and also the investors eventually that are going to be joining on.”}}</ref> | ||
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The [[Dutch people|Dutch]] were the first Europeans to settle in present-day Delaware in the middle region by establishing a trading post at [[Zwaanendael, Delaware|Zwaanendael]], near the site of [[Lewes, Delaware|Lewes]] in 1631.<ref>{{cite book|author=Myers, Albert Cook|title=Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware, 1630–1707, Volume 13|publisher=C. Scribner's Sons|year=1912|page=8}}</ref> Within a year, all the settlers were killed in a dispute with [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American tribes]] living in the area. In 1638, [[New Sweden]], a [[Swedish people|Swedish]] trading post and colony, was established at [[Fort Christina]] (now in [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]]) by [[Peter Minuit]] at the head of a group of Swedes, [[Finnish people|Finns]] and Dutch. The colony of New Sweden lasted 17 years. In 1651, the Dutch, reinvigorated by the leadership of [[Peter Stuyvesant]], established a fort at present-day [[New Castle, Delaware|New Castle]] and, in 1655, they conquered the New Sweden colony, annexing it into the Dutch [[New Netherland]].<ref name=hod>{{cite book|title=History of Delaware|first =John A |last = Munroe|edition = 5th, illustrated|publisher= University of Delaware Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-87413-947-1|page=45|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vs7NcOKnlNUC&q=%22Lower+counties%22+%22on+the+delaware%22&pg=PA46 | chapter = 3. The Lower Counties on The Delaware}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |editor1-last = Scheltema |editor1-first = Gajus |editor2-last = Westerhuijs |editor2-first = Heleen |title = Exploring Historic Dutch New York |publisher = Museum of the City of New York/Dover |place = New York |year = 2011 |isbn = 978-0-486-48637-6}}</ref> Only nine years later, in 1664, the Dutch were conquered by a fleet of English ships by Sir Robert Carr under the direction of [[James II of England|James, the Duke of York]]. Fighting off a prior claim by [[Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore]], [[Province of Maryland|Proprietor of Maryland]], the Duke passed his somewhat dubious ownership on to [[William Penn]] in 1682. Penn strongly desired access to the sea for his [[Province of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania province]] and leased what then came to be known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware"<ref name = hod /> from the Duke. | The [[Dutch people|Dutch]] were the first Europeans to settle in present-day Delaware in the middle region by establishing a trading post at [[Zwaanendael, Delaware|Zwaanendael]], near the site of [[Lewes, Delaware|Lewes]] in 1631.<ref>{{cite book|author=Myers, Albert Cook|title=Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware, 1630–1707, Volume 13|publisher=C. Scribner's Sons|year=1912|page=8}}</ref> Within a year, all the settlers were killed in a dispute with [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American tribes]] living in the area. In 1638, [[New Sweden]], a [[Swedish people|Swedish]] trading post and colony, was established at [[Fort Christina]] (now in [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]]) by [[Peter Minuit]] at the head of a group of Swedes, [[Finnish people|Finns]] and Dutch. The colony of New Sweden lasted 17 years. In 1651, the Dutch, reinvigorated by the leadership of [[Peter Stuyvesant]], established a fort at present-day [[New Castle, Delaware|New Castle]] and, in 1655, they conquered the New Sweden colony, annexing it into the Dutch [[New Netherland]].<ref name=hod>{{cite book|title=History of Delaware|first =John A |last = Munroe|edition = 5th, illustrated|publisher= University of Delaware Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-87413-947-1|page=45|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vs7NcOKnlNUC&q=%22Lower+counties%22+%22on+the+delaware%22&pg=PA46 | chapter = 3. The Lower Counties on The Delaware}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |editor1-last = Scheltema |editor1-first = Gajus |editor2-last = Westerhuijs |editor2-first = Heleen |title = Exploring Historic Dutch New York |publisher = Museum of the City of New York/Dover |place = New York |year = 2011 |isbn = 978-0-486-48637-6}}</ref> Only nine years later, in 1664, the Dutch were conquered by a fleet of English ships by Sir Robert Carr under the direction of [[James II of England|James, the Duke of York]]. Fighting off a prior claim by [[Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore]], [[Province of Maryland|Proprietor of Maryland]], the Duke passed his somewhat dubious ownership on to [[William Penn]] in 1682. Penn strongly desired access to the sea for his [[Province of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania province]] and leased what then came to be known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware"<ref name = hod /> from the Duke. | ||
Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682. However, by 1704 the province of Pennsylvania had grown so large their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties, and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own, one at | Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682. However, by 1704 the province of Pennsylvania had grown so large their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties, and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own, one at Philadelphia, and the other at New Castle. Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique; from 1703 to 1738, New York and New Jersey shared a governor.<ref>{{Citation |last = Lurie |first = Mappen M |title = Encyclopedia of New Jersey |publisher = Rutgers University Press |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-0-8135-3325-4 |page = 327}}</ref> Massachusetts and New Hampshire also shared a governor for some time.<ref>{{Citation |last = Mayo |first = LS |title = John Wentworth, Governor of New Hampshire: 1767–1775 |publisher = Harvard University Press |year = 1921 |page = 5}}</ref> | ||
Dependent in early years on indentured labor, Delaware imported more slaves as the number of English immigrants decreased with better economic conditions in England. The colony became a slave society and cultivated tobacco as a cash crop, although English immigrants continued to arrive. | Dependent in early years on indentured labor, Delaware imported more slaves as the number of English immigrants decreased with better economic conditions in England. The colony became a slave society and cultivated tobacco as a cash crop, although English immigrants continued to arrive. | ||
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===Television=== | ===Television=== | ||
No standalone television stations are based solely in Delaware. The northern part of the state is served by network stations in | No standalone television stations are based solely in Delaware. The northern part of the state is served by network stations in Philadelphia and the southern part by network stations in [[Salisbury, Maryland]]. Philadelphia's [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate, [[WPVI-TV]], maintains a news bureau in downtown Wilmington. Salisbury's [[CBS]] affiliate, [[WBOC-TV]], maintains bureaus in Dover and Milton. Three Philadelphia-market stations—[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] member [[WHYY-TV]], [[Ion Television|Ion]] affiliate [[WPPX]], and [[MeTV]] affiliate [[WDPN-TV]]—all have Wilmington as their [[city of license]], but maintain transmitters at the market antenna farm in [[Roxborough, Philadelphia]] and do not produce any Delaware-centric programming. | ||
{{Philly TV}} | {{Philly TV}} | ||
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Delaware is home to several festivals, fairs, and events. Some of the more notable festivals are the Riverfest held in [[Seaford, Delaware|Seaford]], the World Championship [[Punkin Chunkin#World Championship Punkin Chunkin|Punkin Chunkin]] formerly held at various locations throughout the state since 1986, the Rehoboth Beach Chocolate Festival, the Bethany Beach Jazz Funeral to mark the end of summer, the Apple Scrapple Festival held in [[Bridgeville, Delaware|Bridgeville]], the [[Clifford Brown]] Jazz Festival in Wilmington, the Rehoboth Beach Jazz Festival, the Sea Witch Halloween Festival and Parade in Rehoboth Beach, the Rehoboth Beach Independent Film Festival, the Nanticoke Indian Pow Wow in [[Oak Orchard, Delaware|Oak Orchard]], [[Firefly Music Festival]], and the Return Day Parade held after every election in [[Georgetown, Delaware|Georgetown]]. | Delaware is home to several festivals, fairs, and events. Some of the more notable festivals are the Riverfest held in [[Seaford, Delaware|Seaford]], the World Championship [[Punkin Chunkin#World Championship Punkin Chunkin|Punkin Chunkin]] formerly held at various locations throughout the state since 1986, the Rehoboth Beach Chocolate Festival, the Bethany Beach Jazz Funeral to mark the end of summer, the Apple Scrapple Festival held in [[Bridgeville, Delaware|Bridgeville]], the [[Clifford Brown]] Jazz Festival in Wilmington, the Rehoboth Beach Jazz Festival, the Sea Witch Halloween Festival and Parade in Rehoboth Beach, the Rehoboth Beach Independent Film Festival, the Nanticoke Indian Pow Wow in [[Oak Orchard, Delaware|Oak Orchard]], [[Firefly Music Festival]], and the Return Day Parade held after every election in [[Georgetown, Delaware|Georgetown]]. | ||
In 2015, tourism in Delaware generated $3.1{{spaces}}billion, which makes up five percent of the state's GDP. Delaware saw 8.5{{spaces}}million visitors in 2015, with the tourism industry employing 41,730 people, making it the 4th largest private employer in the state. Major origin markets for Delaware tourists include | In 2015, tourism in Delaware generated $3.1{{spaces}}billion, which makes up five percent of the state's GDP. Delaware saw 8.5{{spaces}}million visitors in 2015, with the tourism industry employing 41,730 people, making it the 4th largest private employer in the state. Major origin markets for Delaware tourists include Philadelphia, [[Baltimore]], New York City, Washington, D.C., and [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], with 97% of tourists arriving to the state by car and 75% of tourists coming from a distance of {{convert|200|mi|km}} or less.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Value of Tourism 2015|publisher=Visit Delaware|url=https://www.visitsoutherndelaware.com/sites/default/files/The_Value_of_Tourism_2015_5e45388c-8bcf-428e-a246-8fbb26f6bb1d.pdf|access-date=February 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207123022/https://www.visitsoutherndelaware.com/sites/default/files/The_Value_of_Tourism_2015_5e45388c-8bcf-428e-a246-8fbb26f6bb1d.pdf|archive-date=February 7, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
Delaware is also home to two large sporting venues. [[Dover Motor Speedway]] is a race track in Dover, and [[Daniel S. Frawley Stadium|Frawley Stadium]] in Wilmington is the home of the [[Wilmington Blue Rocks]], a Minor League Baseball team that is currently affiliated with the Washington Nationals. | Delaware is also home to two large sporting venues. [[Dover Motor Speedway]] is a race track in Dover, and [[Daniel S. Frawley Stadium|Frawley Stadium]] in Wilmington is the home of the [[Wilmington Blue Rocks]], a Minor League Baseball team that is currently affiliated with the Washington Nationals. | ||