Barack Obama: Difference between revisions

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 '''Barack Hussein Obama II'''{{efn|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Barack-Hussein-Obama.ogg|b|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|k|_|h|uː|ˈ|s|eɪ|n|_|oʊ|ˈ|b|ɑː|m|ə}}, {{respell|bə|RAHK}} {{respell|hoo|SAYN}} {{respell|oh|BAH|mə}}<ref>{{YouTube|clMEg4-N7ao|"Barack Hussein Obama Takes The Oath Of Office"}}. January 20, 2009.</ref>}} (born August 4, 1961) is an American lawyer and politician <!--NOTE: The lead sentence should stick to what he is primarily known for. The infobox is there to include additional occupations.-->who served as the 44th [[president of the United States]] from 2009 to 2017. A member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], he was the first [[African-American]] president in U.S. history. Obama previously served as a [[U.S. senator]] representing [[Illinois]] from 2005 to 2008 and as an [[Illinois state senator]] from 1997 to 2004.<!--PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE FROM "AFRICAN AMERICAN", per consensus. See discussions and FAQ (Q2) on the talk page.-->
-Obama was born in [[Honolulu]], Hawaii. He graduated from [[Columbia University]] in 1983 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in political science and later worked as a [[community organizer]] in [[Chicago]]. In 1988, Obama enrolled in [[Harvard Law School]], where he was the first black president of the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]''. He became a civil rights attorney and an academic, teaching [[constitutional law]] at the [[University of Chicago Law School]] from 1992 to 2004. In 1996, Obama was elected to [[Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama|represent the 13th district in the Illinois Senate]], a position he held until 2004, when he [[2004 United States Senate election in Illinois|successfully ran for the U.S. Senate]]. In the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]], after [[2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries|a close primary campaign]] against [[Hillary Clinton]], he was nominated by the Democratic Party for president. Obama selected [[Joe Biden]] as his running mate and defeated [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[John McCain]].
+Obama was born in [[Honolulu]], Hawaii. He graduated from [[Columbia University]] in 1983 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in political science and later worked as a [[community organizer]] in Chicago. In 1988, Obama enrolled in [[Harvard Law School]], where he was the first black president of the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]''. He became a civil rights attorney and an academic, teaching [[constitutional law]] at the [[University of Chicago Law School]] from 1992 to 2004. In 1996, Obama was elected to [[Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama|represent the 13th district in the Illinois Senate]], a position he held until 2004, when he [[2004 United States Senate election in Illinois|successfully ran for the U.S. Senate]]. In the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]], after [[2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries|a close primary campaign]] against [[Hillary Clinton]], he was nominated by the Democratic Party for president. Obama selected [[Joe Biden]] as his running mate and defeated [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[John McCain]].
 Obama was awarded the [[2009 Nobel Peace Prize]], a decision that drew both criticism and praise. His first-term actions addressed the [[2007–2008 financial crisis]] and included the [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009]], a major stimulus package to guide the economy in recovering from the [[Great Recession]]; a partial extension of the [[Bush tax cuts]]; [[Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration|legislation to reform health care]]; the [[Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act]], a major financial regulation reform bill; and the end of the [[Iraq War]]. Obama also appointed [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] justices [[Sonia Sotomayor]] and [[Elena Kagan]], the former being the first [[Hispanic American]] on the Supreme Court. He ordered [[Operation Neptune Spear]], the raid that killed [[Osama bin Laden]], who was responsible for the September 11 attacks. Obama downplayed Bush's [[counterinsurgency]] model, expanding [[air strikes]] and making extensive use of special forces, while encouraging greater reliance on host-government militaries. He also ordered the [[2011 military intervention in Libya]] to implement [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973]], contributing to the overthrow of [[Muammar Gaddafi]].
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 ===2004 U.S. Senate campaign in Illinois===
 {{Main|2004 United States Senate election in Illinois}}
-[[File:Chicago, November 2, 2004 (5471954323).jpg|thumb|Obama campaign yard sign in [[Chicago]], {{circa|November 2004}}]]
+[[File:Chicago, November 2, 2004 (5471954323).jpg|thumb|Obama campaign yard sign in Chicago, {{circa|November 2004}}]]
 In May 2002, Obama commissioned a poll to assess his prospects in a 2004 U.S. Senate race. He created a campaign committee, began raising funds, and lined up political media consultant [[David Axelrod (political consultant)|David Axelrod]] by August 2002. Obama formally announced his candidacy in January 2003.<ref>{{cite news |last = Helman |first = Scott |date = October 12, 2007 |title = Early defeat launched a rapid political climb |newspaper = [[The Boston Globe]] |page = 1A |url = https://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/10/12/early_defeat_launched_a_rapid_political_climb |access-date = April 13, 2008 |archive-date = October 12, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071012215244/http://boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/10/12/early_defeat_launched_a_rapid_political_climb/ |url-status = live }}</ref>