Mississippi: Difference between revisions

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 [[File:All these children.jpg|thumb|Child workers, [[Pass Christian, Mississippi|Pass Christian]], 1911, by [[Lewis Hine]]]]
-In 1900, blacks made up more than half of the state's population. By 1910, a majority of black farmers in the Delta had lost their land and became [[sharecropper]]s. By 1920, the third generation after freedom, most African Americans in Mississippi were landless laborers again facing poverty.<ref name="Willis Forgotten Time"/> Starting about 1913, tens of thousands of black Americans left Mississippi for the [[Northern United States|North]] in the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] to industrial cities such as [[St. Louis]], [[Chicago]], [[Detroit]], [[Cleveland]], [[Philadelphia]] and [[New York City|New York]]. They sought jobs, better education for their children, the right to vote, relative freedom from discrimination, and better living. In the migration of 1910–1940, they left a society that had been steadily closing off opportunity. Most migrants from Mississippi took trains directly north to Chicago and often settled near former neighbors.
+In 1900, blacks made up more than half of the state's population. By 1910, a majority of black farmers in the Delta had lost their land and became [[sharecropper]]s. By 1920, the third generation after freedom, most African Americans in Mississippi were landless laborers again facing poverty.<ref name="Willis Forgotten Time"/> Starting about 1913, tens of thousands of black Americans left Mississippi for the [[Northern United States|North]] in the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] to industrial cities such as [[St. Louis]], Chicago, [[Detroit]], [[Cleveland]], [[Philadelphia]] and [[New York City|New York]]. They sought jobs, better education for their children, the right to vote, relative freedom from discrimination, and better living. In the migration of 1910–1940, they left a society that had been steadily closing off opportunity. Most migrants from Mississippi took trains directly north to Chicago and often settled near former neighbors.
 Cotton crops failed due to [[boll weevil]] infestation and successive severe flooding in 1912 and 1913, creating crisis conditions for many African Americans. With control of the ballot box and more access to credit, white planters bought out such farmers, expanding their ownership of Delta bottomlands. They also took advantage of new railroads sponsored by the state.<ref name="Willis Forgotten Time"/> Blacks also faced violence in the form of lynching, shooting, and the burning of churches. In 1923, the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] stated "the Negro feels that life is not safe in Mississippi and his life may be taken with impunity at any time upon the slightest pretext or provocation by a white man".<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/ref/collection/leader/id/9763 |title= The Louisville Leader. Louisville, Kentucky |date= May 19, 1923 |website= Louisville Leader Collection |publisher= library.louisville.edu |access-date= May 28, 2016 |archive-date= June 24, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160624215521/http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/ref/collection/leader/id/9763 |url-status= dead }}</ref>