Operation Ceasefire: Difference between revisions

Studies of Boston Operation Ceasefire found a 63% reduction in youth homicide.<ref name="a">{{cite journal|last2=Kennedy|first2=David|last3=Waring|first3=E.J.|last4=Piehl|first4=Anne|year=2001|title=Problem-Oriented Policing, Deterrence, and Youth Violence: An Evaluation of Boston's Operation Ceasefire|journal=Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency|volume=38|issue=3|pages=195–226|doi=10.1177/0022427801038003001|last1=Braga|first1=Anthony|s2cid=1218757 |author2-link=David M. Kennedy (criminologist)}}</ref> Since then, Operation Ceasefire has evolved into the [[National Network for Safe Communities]]' Group Violence Intervention. The [[National Network for Safe Communities|Group Violence Intervention]] (GVI) has been deployed in dozens of cities – from Los Angeles to [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], from [[Chicago]] to [[Nashville]] – over almost 20 years. A 2011 Campbell Collaboration Systematic Review of the strategies, and others related to them, concluded that there is now "strong empirical evidence" for their crime prevention effectiveness.<ref name="focuseddet">{{cite journal |last1=Braga |first1=Anthony |last2=Weisburd |first2=David |author2-link=David Weisburd |title=The Effects of Focused Deterrence Strategies on Crime: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Evidence |journal=Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency |volume=published online |pages=1–36 |date=13 September 2011 |url=http://www.nnscommunities.org/Braga_and_Weisburd_campbell_CRIME_AND_DEL.pdf |doi=10.1177/0022427811419368|s2cid=145710083 }}</ref> [[Stockton, California|Stockton]]'s Operation Peacekeeper produced an overall 42% reduction in gun homicide in the city.<ref name="b">{{cite journal |last=Braga |first=Anthony |year=2008|title=Pulling Levers: Focused Deterrence Strategies and the Prevention of Gun Homicide. |journal=Journal of Criminal Justice |volume=36 |issue =4 |pages=332–343 |doi=10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.06.009}}</ref> The Chicago extension of the national [[Project Safe Neighborhoods]] initiative, has shown 37% reductions in homicide,<ref name="c">{{cite journal |last1=Meares |first1=Tracey |last2=Papachristos |first2=Andrew |year=2009 |title=Homicide and Gun Violence in Chicago: Evaluation and Summary of the Project Safe Neighborhoods Program |journal=Project Safe Neighborhoods Research Brief}}</ref> while the [[Lowell, Massachusetts]], Project Safe Neighborhoods efforts have produced 44% reductions in gun assault.<ref name="d">{{cite journal |last1=Braga |first1=Anthony |last2=Pierce |first2=G.L. |last3=Bond |first3=J. |last4=Cronin |first4=S |year=2008 |title=The Strategic Prevention of Gun Violence Among Gang-Involved Offenders |journal=Justice Quarterly |volume=25 |pages=132–162 |doi=10.1080/07418820801954613|s2cid=145644404 }}</ref> A 34% reduction in homicide has been recorded in [[Indianapolis]] after the launch of the Indianapolis Violence Reduction Partnership.<ref name="e">{{cite journal |last1=McGarrell |first1=E.F. |last2=Chermak |first2=S |last3=Wilson |first3=J.M. |last4=Corsaro |first4=N. |year=2006 |title=Reducing Homicide through a "Lever Pulling" Strategy |journal=Justice Quarterly |volume=23 |issue = 2 |pages=214–231 |doi=10.1080/07418820600688818|s2cid=145152540 }}</ref> The [[Cincinnati]] Initiative to Reduce Violence (CIRV) has shown a 41% reduction in street group member-related homicides.<ref name="f">{{cite journal |last1=Engel |first1=R.S. |last2=Tillyer|first2=M.S. |last3=Corsaro |first3=N. |year=2011 |title=Reducing Gang Violence Using Focused Deterrence: Evaluating the Cincinnati Initiative to Reduce Violence (CIRV) |journal=Justice Quarterly |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=403–439 |doi=10.1080/07418825.2011.619559|s2cid=40777215 }}</ref>