Central Intelligence Agency: Difference between revisions

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 The '''Central Intelligence Agency''' ('''CIA'''),<!--English pronunciation—many G7 E1L and ESL readers might assume that this is "obvious", but it is not obvious to all of Wikipedia's global ESL audience (versus {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|i|.|ə}}, which is not how English treats it, but Spanish uses that.--> known informally as '''the Agency''',<ref>{{Citation | title = The Agency and the Hill, CIA's Relationship with Congress, 1946-2004 | author = L. Britt Snider | year = 2008 | url = https://archive.org/details/agencyhillciasre0000snid | isbn = 978-1-929667-17-8 | publisher = Center for the Study of Intelligence, CIA | url-access = registration }}</ref> [[Metonymy|metonymously]] as '''Langley'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Intelligence Agency {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/political-science-and-government/us-government/central-intelligence-agency|access-date=January 5, 2022|publisher=Encyclopedia.com|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414094722/https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/political-science-and-government/us-government/central-intelligence-agency|url-status=live}}</ref> and historically as '''the Company''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appeals: the Company |url=https://public.oed.com/appeals/company/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224035115/https://public.oed.com/appeals/company/ |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |access-date=January 5, 2022 |website=Oxford English Dictionary |language=en}}</ref> is a civilian [[intelligence agency|foreign intelligence service]] of the [[federal government of the United States]] tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing [[national security]] information from around the world, primarily through the use of [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|human intelligence]] (HUMINT) and conducting [[Covert operation|covert action]] through its [[Directorate of Operations (CIA)|Directorate of Operations]]. The agency is headquartered in the [[George Bush Center for Intelligence]] in [[Langley, Virginia]].
-As a principal member of the [[United States Intelligence Community]] (IC), the CIA reports to the [[Director of National Intelligence|director of national intelligence]] and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the [[President of the United States|president]] and [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]]. The agency's founding followed the dissolution of the [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) at the end of [[World War II]] by President [[Harry S. Truman]], who created the [[Central Intelligence Group]] under the direction of a [[Director of Central Intelligence|director of central intelligence]] by presidential directive on January 22, 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d71|title=71. Presidential Directive on Coordination of Foreign Intelligence Activities|publisher=U.S. State Department Historian|date=January 22, 1946|access-date=January 19, 2022|archive-date=July 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712124715/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d71|url-status=live}}</ref> The agency's creation was authorized by the [[National Security Act of 1947]].<!--see page 299-300 of https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/sites/default/files/FBIS_history_part1_0.pdf -- This is not cited that here because that cite would be inappropriate in this context. A more appropriate supporting document must exist somewhere-->
+As a principal member of the [[United States Intelligence Community]] (IC), the CIA reports to the [[Director of National Intelligence|director of national intelligence]] and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the [[President of the United States|president]] and [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]]. The agency's founding followed the dissolution of the [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) at the end of [[World War II]] by President Harry S. Truman, who created the [[Central Intelligence Group]] under the direction of a [[Director of Central Intelligence|director of central intelligence]] by presidential directive on January 22, 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d71|title=71. Presidential Directive on Coordination of Foreign Intelligence Activities|publisher=U.S. State Department Historian|date=January 22, 1946|access-date=January 19, 2022|archive-date=July 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712124715/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d71|url-status=live}}</ref> The agency's creation was authorized by the [[National Security Act of 1947]].<!--see page 299-300 of https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/sites/default/files/FBIS_history_part1_0.pdf -- This is not cited that here because that cite would be inappropriate in this context. A more appropriate supporting document must exist somewhere-->
 Unlike the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI), which is a domestic security service, the CIA has no law enforcement function and is mainly focused on intelligence gathering overseas, with only [[National Resources Division|limited domestic intelligence collection]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=How does the FBI differ from the Central Intelligence Agency? |url=https://www.fbi.gov/about/faqs/how-does-the-fbi-differ-from-the-central-intelligence-agency |access-date=February 22, 2023 |website=Federal Bureau of Investigation |language=en-us |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222034540/https://www.fbi.gov/about/faqs/how-does-the-fbi-differ-from-the-central-intelligence-agency |url-status=live }}</ref> The CIA serves as the national manager for HUMINT, coordinating activities across the IC. It also carries out [[Covert operation|covert action]] at the behest of the [[President of the United States|president]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Additional pre-hearing questions for Mr. John O. Brennan upon his nomination to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/hearings/prehearing%20%285%29.pdf |website=[[Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]] |access-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317014708/https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/hearings/prehearing%20%285%29.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Woodward |first=Bob |author-link=Bob Woodward |title=Secret CIA Units Playing Central Combat Role |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/CIA18.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 18, 2001 |access-date=February 26, 2012 |archive-date=May 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514002315/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/CIA18.html |url-status=live }}</ref>