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 '''Kansas''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Kansas.ogg|ˈ|k|æ|n|z|ə|s}} {{respell|KAN|zəss}})<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Kansas|accessdate=2024-03-08}}</ref> is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] region of the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.census.gov/population/metro/data/metrodef.html |title = Current Lists of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Delineations |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170127162523/http://www.census.gov/population/metro/data/metrodef.html |archive-date = January 27, 2017}}</ref> It borders [[Nebraska]] to the north; [[Missouri]] to the east; [[Oklahoma]] to the south; and [[Colorado]] to the west. Kansas is named after the [[Kansas River]], in turn named after the [[Kaw people|Kansa]] people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kshs.org/publicat/khq/1950/50_2_langsdorf.htm |title=Kansas Historical Quarterly—A Review of Early Navigation on the Kansas River—Kansas Historical Society |publisher=Kshs.org |access-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922040512/https://www.kshs.org/publicat/khq/1950/50_2_langsdorf.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Kansas history page |url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ks_intro.htm |access-date = April 13, 2019 |archive-date = December 26, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000427/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ks_intro.htm%20 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>''The Encyclopedia of Kansas'' (1994) {{ISBN|0-403-09921-8}}</ref><ref>John Koontz, p.c.</ref> Its [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] is [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]], and its [[List of cities in Kansas|most populous city]] is [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]]; however, the largest urban area is the bi-state [[Kansas City metropolitan area|Kansas City, MO–KS metropolitan area]].
-For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse [[Plains Indians|Indigenous tribes]]. The first settlement of non-indigenous people in Kansas occurred in 1827 at [[Fort Leavenworth]]. The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] debate. When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]], conflict between abolitionist [[Free-Stater (Kansas)|Free-Staters]] from [[New England]] and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri broke out over the question of whether Kansas would become a [[Slave states and free states|free state or a slave state]], in a period known as [[Bleeding Kansas]]. On January 29, 1861,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html |title = Today in History: January 29 |publisher = Memory.loc.gov |access-date = July 31, 2010 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100727012836/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html |archive-date = July 27, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://governor.ks.gov/about-kansas/quickfacts |title = Kansas Quick Facts |website = governor.ks.gov |access-date = December 30, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511125749/https://governor.ks.gov/about-kansas/quickfacts |archive-date = May 11, 2011 }}</ref> Kansas entered the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] as a free state, hence the unofficial nickname "The Free State". Passage of the [[Homestead Acts]] in 1862 brought a further influx of settlers, and the booming cattle trade of the 1870s attracted some of the Wild West's most iconic figures to western Kansas.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Clavin |first1=Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywT0DQAAQBAJ |title=Dodge City: Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, and the Wickedest Town in the American West |last2=Clavin |first2=Tom |date=2017-02-28 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-250-07148-4 |language=en |access-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329032913/https://books.google.com/books?id=ywT0DQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Smithsonian |title=How Dodge City Became a Symbol of Frontier Lawlessness |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-dodge-city-became-symbol-frontier-lawlessness-180967912/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106012908/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-dodge-city-became-symbol-frontier-lawlessness-180967912/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse [[Plains Indians|Indigenous tribes]]. The first settlement of non-indigenous people in Kansas occurred in 1827 at [[Fort Leavenworth]]. The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] debate. When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]], conflict between abolitionist [[Free-Stater (Kansas)|Free-Staters]] from [[New England]] and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri broke out over the question of whether Kansas would become a [[Slave states and free states|free state or a slave state]], in a period known as [[Bleeding Kansas]]. On January 29, 1861,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html |title = Today in History: January 29 |publisher = Memory.loc.gov |access-date = July 31, 2010 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100727012836/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html |archive-date = July 27, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://governor.ks.gov/about-kansas/quickfacts |title = Kansas Quick Facts |website = governor.ks.gov |access-date = December 30, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511125749/https://governor.ks.gov/about-kansas/quickfacts |archive-date = May 11, 2011 }}</ref> Kansas entered the Union as a free state, hence the unofficial nickname "The Free State". Passage of the [[Homestead Acts]] in 1862 brought a further influx of settlers, and the booming cattle trade of the 1870s attracted some of the Wild West's most iconic figures to western Kansas.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Clavin |first1=Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywT0DQAAQBAJ |title=Dodge City: Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, and the Wickedest Town in the American West |last2=Clavin |first2=Tom |date=2017-02-28 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-250-07148-4 |language=en |access-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329032913/https://books.google.com/books?id=ywT0DQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Smithsonian |title=How Dodge City Became a Symbol of Frontier Lawlessness |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-dodge-city-became-symbol-frontier-lawlessness-180967912/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106012908/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-dodge-city-became-symbol-frontier-lawlessness-180967912/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 As of 2015, Kansas was among the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, [[sorghum]], and [[soybean]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://agriculture.ks.gov/about-ksda/kansas-agriculture |title = Kansas Agriculture |website = Kansas Department of Agriculture |access-date = September 14, 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150920203532/http://www.agriculture.ks.gov/about-ksda/kansas-agriculture |archive-date = September 20, 2015}}</ref> In addition to its traditional strength in agriculture, Kansas possesses an extensive aerospace industry. Kansas, which has an area of {{convert|82278|sqmi|km2|abbr=off|sp=us}} is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|15th-largest state by area]], the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|36th most-populous]] of the 50 states, with a population of 2,940,865<ref>{{cite web|date=April 26, 2021|title=2020 Census|url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/apportionment/apportionment-2020-table01.pdf|website=Census.gov|access-date=April 26, 2021|archive-date=April 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426194028/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/apportionment/apportionment-2020-table01.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> according to the 2020 census, and the [[List of states and territories of the United States by population density|10th least densely populated]]. Residents of Kansas are called ''Kansans''. [[Mount Sunflower]] is Kansas's highest point at {{convert|4039|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://peakery.com/Mount-Sunflower/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403092525/http://peakery.com/Mount-Sunflower/|archive-date=April 3, 2011|title=Mount Sunflower—Kansas, United States • peakery|date=April 3, 2011}}</ref>
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 The [[United States Census Bureau]] estimates that the population of Kansas was 2,913,314 on July 1, 2019, a 2.11% increase since the [[2010 United States census]] and an increase of 58,387, or 2.05%, since 2010.<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ks,US/PST045218|title=QuickFacts Kansas; UNITED STATES|website=2018 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=March 3, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2019|archive-date=January 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182139/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ks,US/PST045218|url-status=live}}</ref> This includes a natural increase since the last census of 93,899 (246,484 births minus 152,585 deaths) and a decrease due to net migration of 20,742 people out of the state. [[Immigration to the United States|Immigration]] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 44,847 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 65,589 people.<ref name="2006StateEstComp">{{Citation|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/states/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040916023530/http://www.census.gov/popest/states/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 16, 2004 |contribution=Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for the United States, Regions and States: April 1, 2000, to July 1, 2006 |title=Population Estimates|quote=Kansas population has increased at a decreasing rate, reducing the number of congressmen from 5{{nbsp}}to{{nbsp}}4 in 1992 (Congressional Redistricting Act, eff. 1992).|id=NST-EST2006-04|place=US|publisher=Census Bureau, Population Division|date=December 22, 2006}}</ref> At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], its population was 2,937,880.
-In 2018, The top countries of origin for Kansas's immigrants were [[Mexico]], [[India]], [[Vietnam]], [[Guatemala]] and [[China]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_kansas.pdf|title=Immigrants in Kansas|access-date=August 18, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329225756/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_kansas.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
+In 2018, The top countries of origin for Kansas's immigrants were [[Mexico]], [[India]], [[Vietnam]], [[Guatemala]] and China.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_kansas.pdf|title=Immigrants in Kansas|access-date=August 18, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329225756/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_kansas.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
 The population density of Kansas is 52.9 people per square mile.<ref>{{cite book |title=The New York Times 2008 almanac |url-access=registration |editor-first=John W. |editor-last=Wright |year=2007 |url=https://archive.org/details/newyorktimesalma00john_2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/newyorktimesalma00john_2/page/178 178] |location=New York |publisher=Penguin |isbn=9780143112334}}</ref> The [[center of population]] of Kansas is located in [[Chase County, Kansas|Chase County]], at {{Coord |38|27|N|96|32|W|region:US-KS_type:landmark}}, approximately {{convert|3|mi|km}} north of the community of [[Strong City, Kansas|Strong City]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and Population Centers by State |year=2000 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |access-date=December 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223204810/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-date=February 23, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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 Historically, Kansas has been strongly Republican, dating from the [[Antebellum era|Antebellum]] age when the Republican Party was created out of the movement opposing the extension of slavery into Kansas Territory. Kansas has not elected a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to the U.S. Senate since the 1932 election, when [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] won his first term as president in the wake of the [[Great Depression]]. This is the longest Senate losing streak for either party in a single state. Senator [[Sam Brownback]] was a candidate for the Republican party nomination for president in 2008. Brownback was not a candidate for re-election to a third full term in 2010, but he was elected Governor in that year's general election. Moran defeated Tiahrt for the Republican nomination for Brownback's seat in the August 2010 primary, then won a landslide general election victory over Democrat Lisa Johnston.
-The only non-Republican presidential candidates Kansas has given its electoral vote to are Populist [[James Baird Weaver|James Weaver]] and Democrats [[William Jennings Bryan]] (once), [[Woodrow Wilson]], Franklin Roosevelt (twice), and [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Lyndon Johnson]]. In 2004, [[George W. Bush]] won the state's six electoral votes by an overwhelming margin of 25 percentage points with 62% of the vote. The only two counties to support Democrat [[John Kerry]] in that election were [[Wyandotte County, Kansas|Wyandotte]], which contains [[Kansas City, Kansas|Kansas City]], and [[Douglas County, Kansas|Douglas]], home to the [[University of Kansas]], located in [[Lawrence, Kansas|Lawrence]]. The 2008 election brought similar results as [[John McCain]] won the state with 57% of the votes. Douglas, Wyandotte, and [[Crawford County, Kansas|Crawford County]] were the only counties in support of President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/individual/#mapPKS |title = 2008 Election Results—Kansas |publisher = CNN |access-date = July 31, 2010 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081107105721/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/individual/#mapPKS |archive-date = November 7, 2008}}</ref>
+The only non-Republican presidential candidates Kansas has given its electoral vote to are Populist [[James Baird Weaver|James Weaver]] and Democrats [[William Jennings Bryan]] (once), [[Woodrow Wilson]], Franklin Roosevelt (twice), and [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Lyndon Johnson]]. In 2004, George W. Bush won the state's six electoral votes by an overwhelming margin of 25 percentage points with 62% of the vote. The only two counties to support Democrat [[John Kerry]] in that election were [[Wyandotte County, Kansas|Wyandotte]], which contains [[Kansas City, Kansas|Kansas City]], and [[Douglas County, Kansas|Douglas]], home to the [[University of Kansas]], located in [[Lawrence, Kansas|Lawrence]]. The 2008 election brought similar results as [[John McCain]] won the state with 57% of the votes. Douglas, Wyandotte, and [[Crawford County, Kansas|Crawford County]] were the only counties in support of President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/individual/#mapPKS |title = 2008 Election Results—Kansas |publisher = CNN |access-date = July 31, 2010 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081107105721/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/individual/#mapPKS |archive-date = November 7, 2008}}</ref>
 Abilene was the boyhood home to Republican president Dwight D. Eisenhower, and he maintained lifelong ties to family and friends there. Kansas was the adult home of two losing Republican candidates (Governor [[Alf Landon]] in [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]] and Senator Bob Dole in [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]]).