Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952: Difference between revisions

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (view source)

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 In response to the liberal immigration bill of Representative [[Emanuel Celler]] (D-[[New York (state)|New York]]) and Senator [[Herbert Lehman|Herbert H. Lehman]] (D-[[New York (state)|New York]]), both McCarran and Walter combined their restrictive immigration proposals into the McCarran–Walter bill and recruited support of patriotic and veteran organizations.<ref name="Marinari, Maddalena 2016, pp. 9"/> However, various immigration reform advocacy groups and testimonies by representatives from ethnic coalitions, civil rights organizations, and labor unions challenged proposals of restrictive immigration and pushed for a more inclusive immigration reform.<ref>Marinari, Maddalena, and [[Donna Gabaccia]]. "'In the Name of God ... and in the Interest of Our Country': The Cold War, Foreign Policy, and Italian Americans' Mobilization against Immigration Restriction." New Italian Migrations to the United States: Vol. 1: Politics and History since 1945, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 59–79.</ref> Opponents of the restrictive bill such as Lehman attempted to strategize a way to bring the groups together to resist McCarran's actions. Despite the efforts to resist, McCarran's influence as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee ultimately overpowered the liberal immigration reform coalition.
-President [[Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]] vetoed the McCarran-Walter Act because it continued national-origins quotas that discriminated against potential allies that contained communist groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4729044.1952.001.umich.edu/page/440/ |title=Veto of Bill To Revise the Laws Relating to Immigration, Naturalization, and Nationality - June 25, 1952 |last=Truman |first=Harry S. |date=June 25, 1952 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |pages=441–447}}</ref><ref>[[Donna Gabaccia|Gabaccia, Donna R.]] "Immigration and Restriction: Protection in a Dangerous World, 1850–1965." Foreign Relations: American Immigration in Global Perspective, Princeton University Press, Princeton; Oxford, 2012, pp. 122–175.</ref> However, Congress overrode the veto by a two-thirds vote of each house.<ref>Rosenfield, Harry N. "The Prospects for Immigration Amendments." Law and Contemporary Problems, vol. 21, no. 2, 1956, pp. 401–426.</ref> The [[82nd United States Congress]] enacted the H.R. 5678 [[Bill (law)|bill]], which became effective on June 27, 1952.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/82nd-congress/house-bill/5678/ |title=H.R. 5678 - Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 |date=June 27, 1952 |series=P.L. 82-414 ~ 66 Stat. 163 |publisher=Congress.gov}}</ref> The passage of the McCarran-Walter bill, known as the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, solidified more restrictive immigration movement in the United States.
+President Harry Truman vetoed the McCarran-Walter Act because it continued national-origins quotas that discriminated against potential allies that contained communist groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4729044.1952.001.umich.edu/page/440/ |title=Veto of Bill To Revise the Laws Relating to Immigration, Naturalization, and Nationality - June 25, 1952 |last=Truman |first=Harry S. |date=June 25, 1952 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |pages=441–447}}</ref><ref>[[Donna Gabaccia|Gabaccia, Donna R.]] "Immigration and Restriction: Protection in a Dangerous World, 1850–1965." Foreign Relations: American Immigration in Global Perspective, Princeton University Press, Princeton; Oxford, 2012, pp. 122–175.</ref> However, Congress overrode the veto by a two-thirds vote of each house.<ref>Rosenfield, Harry N. "The Prospects for Immigration Amendments." Law and Contemporary Problems, vol. 21, no. 2, 1956, pp. 401–426.</ref> The [[82nd United States Congress]] enacted the H.R. 5678 [[Bill (law)|bill]], which became effective on June 27, 1952.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/82nd-congress/house-bill/5678/ |title=H.R. 5678 - Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 |date=June 27, 1952 |series=P.L. 82-414 ~ 66 Stat. 163 |publisher=Congress.gov}}</ref> The passage of the McCarran-Walter bill, known as the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, solidified more restrictive immigration movement in the United States.
 ==Provisions==