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Military Academy: Difference between revisions
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Candidates for admission must apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a member of Congress. Other nomination sources include the president and vice president.<ref>United States Military Academy, West Point. [http://www.usma.edu/admissions/sitepages/apply_nominations.aspx "West Point Admissions"].</ref> Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as "[[Cadet|cadets]]" or collectively as the "United States Corps of Cadets" (USCC). The Army fully funds tuition for cadets in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. About 1,300 cadets enter the academy each July, with about 1,000 cadets graduating. | Candidates for admission must apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a member of Congress. Other nomination sources include the president and vice president.<ref>United States Military Academy, West Point. [http://www.usma.edu/admissions/sitepages/apply_nominations.aspx "West Point Admissions"].</ref> Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as "[[Cadet|cadets]]" or collectively as the "United States Corps of Cadets" (USCC). The Army fully funds tuition for cadets in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. About 1,300 cadets enter the academy each July, with about 1,000 cadets graduating. | ||
The academy's traditions have influenced other institutions because of its age and unique mission. It was the first American college to have an accredited [[civil engineering]] program and the first to have [[class rings]], and its technical curriculum became a model for [[engineering]] schools. West Point's student body has a unique rank structure and lexicon. The academy fields 15 men's and nine women's [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) sports teams. Cadets compete in one sport every fall, winter, and spring season at the intramural, club, or intercollegiate level. Its [[Army Black Knights football|football team]] was a national power in the early and mid-20th century, winning three national championships. Among the country's public institutions, the academy is the top producer of [[Marshall Scholarship|Marshall]] and [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes]] scholars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics|title=Statistics|website=www.marshallscholarship.org|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/colleges-and-universities-of-all-us-rhodes-scholars-over-time/|title=US Rhodes Scholars Over Time|website=www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> Its alumni are collectively referred to as "The Long Gray Line," which include U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and [[Ulysses S. Grant]]; [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] President [[Jefferson Davis]]; Confederate general [[Robert E. Lee]]; American poet [[Edgar Allan Poe]]; U.S. generals [[Douglas MacArthur]] and [[George S. Patton|George Patton]]; presidents of [[Costa Rica]], [[Nicaragua]], and the [[Philippines]]; and 76 | The academy's traditions have influenced other institutions because of its age and unique mission. It was the first American college to have an accredited [[civil engineering]] program and the first to have [[class rings]], and its technical curriculum became a model for [[engineering]] schools. West Point's student body has a unique rank structure and lexicon. The academy fields 15 men's and nine women's [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) sports teams. Cadets compete in one sport every fall, winter, and spring season at the intramural, club, or intercollegiate level. Its [[Army Black Knights football|football team]] was a national power in the early and mid-20th century, winning three national championships. Among the country's public institutions, the academy is the top producer of [[Marshall Scholarship|Marshall]] and [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes]] scholars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics|title=Statistics|website=www.marshallscholarship.org|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/colleges-and-universities-of-all-us-rhodes-scholars-over-time/|title=US Rhodes Scholars Over Time|website=www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> Its alumni are collectively referred to as "The Long Gray Line," which include U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and [[Ulysses S. Grant]]; [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] President [[Jefferson Davis]]; Confederate general [[Robert E. Lee]]; American poet [[Edgar Allan Poe]]; U.S. generals [[Douglas MacArthur]] and [[George S. Patton|George Patton]]; presidents of [[Costa Rica]], [[Nicaragua]], and the [[Philippines]]; and 76 Medal of Honor recipients. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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[[File:West Point Cemetery.JPG|right|thumb|[[West Point Cemetery]]]] | [[File:West Point Cemetery.JPG|right|thumb|[[West Point Cemetery]]]] | ||
The [[West Point Cemetery]] is the final resting place of many notable graduates and faculty, including [[George Armstrong Custer]], [[Winfield Scott]], [[William Westmoreland]], [[Earl Blaik]], [[Margaret Corbin]], and eighteen | The [[West Point Cemetery]] is the final resting place of many notable graduates and faculty, including [[George Armstrong Custer]], [[Winfield Scott]], [[William Westmoreland]], [[Earl Blaik]], [[Margaret Corbin]], and eighteen Medal of Honor recipients.{{sfnp|Poughkeepsie Journal|2003|p=16}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usma.edu/sites/default/files/pdfs/ABOUT/Cemetery%20Brochure.pdf |title=West Point Cemetery|publisher=USMA Memorial Affairs|access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> The cemetery is also the burial place of several recent graduates who have died during the [[War on Terror|ongoing conflict]] in Iraq and [[Afghanistan]]. Many of the older grave sites have large and ornate grave markers, the largest belonging to [[Egbert Viele]] (class of 1847), chief engineer of [[Brooklyn]]'s [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]].{{sfnp|Poughkeepsie Journal|2003|p=16}} The cemetery is also home to a monument to [[American Revolution|Revolutionary War]] heroine [[Margaret Corbin]].<ref>{{cite web |title=West Point Cemetery |publisher=USMA Memorial Affairs |url=http://www.usma.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/Cemetery/West%20Point%20Cemetery.pdf |access-date=15 February 2014 |archive-date=25 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225231003/http://www.usma.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/Cemetery/West%20Point%20Cemetery.pdf}}</ref> | ||
=== Athletic facilities === | === Athletic facilities === | ||
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During World War I, academy alumni included [[General of the Armies]] [[John J. Pershing]], and Major Generals [[Charles T. Menoher]] and [[Mason Patrick]]. West Point was the alma mater of many notable World War II generals, [[Henry H. Arnold]], [[Omar Bradley]], [[Mark Wayne Clark]], [[Robert L. Eichelberger]], [[James M. Gavin]], [[Leslie Groves]], [[Douglas MacArthur]], [[George S. Patton]], [[Joseph Stilwell]], [[Maxwell D. Taylor]], [[James Van Fleet]], [[Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV]], and [[Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.]] the highest ranking General to be killed in combat during World War II, with many of these graduates also serving in commanding roles in the Korean War. During the Vietnam War, notable graduates general officers included [[Creighton Abrams]], [[Hal Moore]], and [[William Westmoreland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usma.edu/bicentennial/history/NotableGrads.asp|title=Notable USMA Graduates|work=USMA Bicentennial|publisher=United States Military Academy|access-date=4 January 2009|archive-date=18 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518095835/http://www.usma.edu/bicentennial/history/NotableGrads.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> West Point also produced some famous generals and statesmen of recent note including [[John Abizaid]], [[Stanley A. McChrystal]], [[Wesley Clark]], [[Alexander Haig]], [[Barry McCaffrey]], [[Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.]], [[Brent Scowcroft]], [[Lloyd Austin]], and former [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency]], retired General [[David Petraeus]]. | During World War I, academy alumni included [[General of the Armies]] [[John J. Pershing]], and Major Generals [[Charles T. Menoher]] and [[Mason Patrick]]. West Point was the alma mater of many notable World War II generals, [[Henry H. Arnold]], [[Omar Bradley]], [[Mark Wayne Clark]], [[Robert L. Eichelberger]], [[James M. Gavin]], [[Leslie Groves]], [[Douglas MacArthur]], [[George S. Patton]], [[Joseph Stilwell]], [[Maxwell D. Taylor]], [[James Van Fleet]], [[Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV]], and [[Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.]] the highest ranking General to be killed in combat during World War II, with many of these graduates also serving in commanding roles in the Korean War. During the Vietnam War, notable graduates general officers included [[Creighton Abrams]], [[Hal Moore]], and [[William Westmoreland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usma.edu/bicentennial/history/NotableGrads.asp|title=Notable USMA Graduates|work=USMA Bicentennial|publisher=United States Military Academy|access-date=4 January 2009|archive-date=18 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518095835/http://www.usma.edu/bicentennial/history/NotableGrads.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> West Point also produced some famous generals and statesmen of recent note including [[John Abizaid]], [[Stanley A. McChrystal]], [[Wesley Clark]], [[Alexander Haig]], [[Barry McCaffrey]], [[Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.]], [[Brent Scowcroft]], [[Lloyd Austin]], and former [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency]], retired General [[David Petraeus]]. | ||
A total of 76 graduates have been awarded the | A total of 76 graduates have been awarded the Medal of Honor.<ref>{{cite web|title=West Point Congressional Medal of Honor Recipients|publisher=Medalofhonor.com |url=http://www.medalofhonor.com/WestPoint.htm|access-date=20 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630233102/http://www.medalofhonor.com/WestPoint.htm |archive-date=30 June 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
West Point has also graduated 18 [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA]] astronauts, including five who went to the moon. | West Point has also graduated 18 [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA]] astronauts, including five who went to the moon. | ||