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Office of Science: Difference between revisions
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The Office of Science manages this research portfolio through six interdisciplinary scientific program offices: Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Basic Energy Sciences, Biological and Environmental Research, Fusion Energy Sciences, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics. The Office of Science also has responsibility for 10 of the 17 [[United States Department of Energy National Laboratories]].<ref name=aboutOS>[http://science.energy.gov/about/ About the Office of Science], DOE Office of Science website. Retrieved August 5, 2011.</ref> | The Office of Science manages this research portfolio through six interdisciplinary scientific program offices: Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Basic Energy Sciences, Biological and Environmental Research, Fusion Energy Sciences, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics. The Office of Science also has responsibility for 10 of the 17 [[United States Department of Energy National Laboratories]].<ref name=aboutOS>[http://science.energy.gov/about/ About the Office of Science], DOE Office of Science website. Retrieved August 5, 2011.</ref> | ||
The office is the predominant | The office is the predominant U.S. federal government sponsor for research in the [[physical sciences]], including [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[computer science]], [[applied mathematics]], [[materials science]], [[nanoscience]], and [[engineering]], as well as [[systems biology]] and [[environmental sciences]]. The Office of Science makes extensive use of peer review and [[federal advisory committees]] to develop general directions for research investments, to identify priorities, and to determine the very best scientific proposals to support. | ||
{{Official URL (simple)|url=https://science.osti.gov/}} | {{Official URL (simple)|url=https://science.osti.gov/}} | ||
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*Fusion Energy Sciences | *Fusion Energy Sciences | ||
*High Energy Physics | *High Energy Physics | ||
*Nuclear Physics | *Nuclear Physics<ref name=aboutOS/> | ||
===Advanced Scientific Computing Research=== | ===Advanced Scientific Computing Research=== | ||
The Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) supports research and development in [[applied mathematics]], [[computer science]], and integrated network environments. The programs it supports represent the largest and most active computer science research effort within the U.S. federal government.<ref name=aboutASCR>[http://www.science.doe.gov/ascr/About/about.html About ASCR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111213632/http://www.science.doe.gov/ascr/About/about.html |date=2010-11-11 }}, Office of Science website. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref> [[Supercomputer]] facilities supported by ASCR include the [[National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center]] (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, and | The [[Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research]] (ASCR) supports research and development in [[applied mathematics]], [[computer science]], and integrated network environments. The programs it supports represent the largest and most active computer science research effort within the U.S. federal government.<ref name=aboutASCR>[http://www.science.doe.gov/ascr/About/about.html About ASCR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111213632/http://www.science.doe.gov/ascr/About/about.html |date=2010-11-11 }}, Office of Science website. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref> | ||
[[Supercomputer]] facilities supported by ASCR include the | |||
* [[National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center]] (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, and | |||
* [[Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility|Leadership Computing Facility]] at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee | |||
* [[Argonne National Laboratory]] in Illinois. | |||
The ASCR supports the [[Energy Sciences Network]] (ESnet), which interconnects more than 40 DOE sites at speeds up to 100 [[gigabit]]s per second. | |||
ESnet is a successor to a network that the Office of Science created in 1974 to connect geographically dispersed researchers through a single network. In the 1980s the Office of Science collaborated with [[DARPA]], [[National Science Foundation|NSF]] and [[NASA]] to convert the agencies' separate networks into a single integrated communications network that became the basis for the commercial [[Internet]].<ref name=AandA>[http://www.science.doe.gov/Accomplishments_Awards/index.htm Accomplishments and Awards], DOE Office of Science website. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref> | ESnet is a successor to a network that the Office of Science created in 1974 to connect geographically dispersed researchers through a single network. In the 1980s the Office of Science collaborated with [[DARPA]], [[National Science Foundation|NSF]] and [[NASA]] to convert the agencies' separate networks into a single integrated communications network that became the basis for the commercial [[Internet]].<ref name=AandA>[http://www.science.doe.gov/Accomplishments_Awards/index.htm Accomplishments and Awards], DOE Office of Science website. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref> | ||
===Biological and Environmental Research=== | ===Biological and Environmental Research=== | ||
The Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) supports research and scientific user facilities in the biological and environmental sciences to support DOE's missions in energy, environment, and basic research. BER initiated the [[Human Genome Project]] in 1986 and has continued to support activity in [[genomics]]-based [[systems biology]] and initiatives related to [[biotechnology]] applications.<ref name=OBERtop/><ref name=OBERabout/> The [[Joint Genome Institute]], formed in 1997, initially conducted sequencing of human [[DNA]] in support of the Human Genome Project. Its current focus is on sequencing the [[genome]]s of [[microbe]]s, [[microbial communities]], [[fungi]], [[plant]]s, and other organisms.<ref>[http://www.sc.doe.gov/ober/BSSD/jgi.html Joint Genome Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207050115/http://www.sc.doe.gov/ober/BSSD/jgi.html |date=2010-12-07 }}, Office of Biological & Environmental Research website. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref> | The [[Office of Biological and Environmental Research]] (BER) supports research and scientific user facilities in the biological and environmental sciences to support DOE's missions in energy, environment, and basic research. BER initiated the [[Human Genome Project]] in 1986 and has continued to support activity in [[genomics]]-based [[systems biology]] and initiatives related to [[biotechnology]] applications.<ref name=OBERtop/><ref name=OBERabout/> The [[Joint Genome Institute]], formed in 1997, initially conducted sequencing of human [[DNA]] in support of the Human Genome Project. Its current focus is on sequencing the [[genome]]s of [[microbe]]s, [[microbial communities]], [[fungi]], [[plant]]s, and other organisms.<ref>[http://www.sc.doe.gov/ober/BSSD/jgi.html Joint Genome Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207050115/http://www.sc.doe.gov/ober/BSSD/jgi.html |date=2010-12-07 }}, Office of Biological & Environmental Research website. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref> | ||
Environmental efforts include research on the [[global carbon cycle]] and possible mitigation of the impacts of [[climate change]].<ref name=OBERtop>[http://www.science.doe.gov/ober/ober_top.html Office of Biological & Environmental Research website]. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref><ref name=OBERabout>[http://www.science.doe.gov/ober/about.html About BER], Office of Biological & Environmental Research website. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref> When it started in 1978, BER's Climate Change Research Program was the first U.S. research program to investigate the effects of [[greenhouse gas]]es on climate and environment. The Office of Science climate change research program is now the third largest in the U.S.<ref name=AandA/> | Environmental efforts include research on the [[global carbon cycle]] and possible mitigation of the impacts of [[climate change]].<ref name=OBERtop>[http://www.science.doe.gov/ober/ober_top.html Office of Biological & Environmental Research website]. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref><ref name=OBERabout>[http://www.science.doe.gov/ober/about.html About BER], Office of Biological & Environmental Research website. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</ref> When it started in 1978, BER's Climate Change Research Program was the first U.S. research program to investigate the effects of [[greenhouse gas]]es on climate and environment. The Office of Science climate change research program is now the third largest in the U.S.<ref name=AandA/> | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
The Office of Science evolved from the nuclear research authorized by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, expanding into a broad supporter of basic research across multiple scientific disciplines to meet national needs in energy, environment, and security. | The Office of Science evolved from the nuclear research authorized by the [[Atomic Energy Act of 1946]], expanding into a broad supporter of basic research across multiple scientific disciplines to meet national needs in energy, environment, and security. | ||
DOE's Office of Energy Research was a predecessor to the Office of Science.<ref>United States Government Accountability Office (2008), [http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08641.pdf Office of Science Has Kept Majority of Projects within Budget and on Schedule, but Funding and Other Challenges May Grow], GAO-08-641, page 1</ref> | DOE's Office of Energy Research was a predecessor to the Office of Science.<ref>United States Government Accountability Office (2008), [http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08641.pdf Office of Science Has Kept Majority of Projects within Budget and on Schedule, but Funding and Other Challenges May Grow], GAO-08-641, page 1</ref> | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Office of Scientific and Technical Information]] | * [[Office of Scientific and Technical Information]] | ||
== External links == | |||
* [https://science.osti.gov/ Official Website] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Office of Science]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||