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Coast Guard: Difference between revisions
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As members of the military, Coast Guardsmen on active and reserve service are subject to the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] and receive the same pay and allowances as members of the same pay grades in the other uniformed services.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 U.S.C. § 2 - U.S. Code Title 14. Coast Guard § 2|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-14-coast-guard/14-usc-sect-2.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref> | As members of the military, Coast Guardsmen on active and reserve service are subject to the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] and receive the same pay and allowances as members of the same pay grades in the other uniformed services.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 U.S.C. § 2 - U.S. Code Title 14. Coast Guard § 2|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-14-coast-guard/14-usc-sect-2.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
The service has participated in every major U.S. conflict from 1790 through today, including landing troops on [[D-Day]] and on the Pacific Islands in [[World War II]], in extensive patrols and shore bombardment during the | The service has participated in every major U.S. conflict from 1790 through today, including landing troops on [[D-Day]] and on the Pacific Islands in [[World War II]], in extensive patrols and shore bombardment during the Vietnam War, and multiple roles in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]. Maritime interception operations, coastal security, transportation security, and [[Law Enforcement Detachments|law enforcement detachments]] have been its major roles in recent conflicts in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Long Blue Line: Coast Guard combat operations in Operation Iraqi Freedom |url=https://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2018/07/tlbl-uscg-combat-operations-in-oif/ |first1=William H. |last1=Thiesen |date= July 26, 2018 |access-date=12 May 2021|website= Coast Guard Compass |archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112045825/https://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2018/07/tlbl-uscg-combat-operations-in-oif/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
On 17 October 2007, the Coast Guard joined with the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] to adopt a new [[maritime strategy]] called ''[[A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower]]'' that raised the notion of prevention of war to the same philosophical level as the conduct of war.<ref name="Garamone">{{cite news |last=Garamone |first=Jim |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |title=Sea Services Unveil New Maritime Strategy |work=Navy News Service |date=17 October 2007 |id=NNS071017-13 |agency=[[American Forces Press Service]] |access-date=30 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040311/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |archive-date=5 March 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> This new strategy charted a course for the Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps to work collectively with each other and international partners to prevent regional crises, man-made or natural, from occurring, or reacting quickly should one occur to avoid negative impacts to the United States. During the launch of the new U.S. maritime strategy at the International Seapower Symposium at the [[United States Naval War College|U.S. Naval War College]] in 2007, Coast Guard Commandant Admiral [[Thad Allen]] said the new maritime strategy reinforced the time-honored missions the service has carried out in the United States since 1790. "It reinforces the Coast Guard maritime strategy of safety, security and stewardship, and it reflects not only the global reach of our maritime services but the need to integrate and synchronize and act with our coalition and international partners to not only win wars ... but to prevent wars," Allen said.<ref name="Garamone" /> | On 17 October 2007, the Coast Guard joined with the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] to adopt a new [[maritime strategy]] called ''[[A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower]]'' that raised the notion of prevention of war to the same philosophical level as the conduct of war.<ref name="Garamone">{{cite news |last=Garamone |first=Jim |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |title=Sea Services Unveil New Maritime Strategy |work=Navy News Service |date=17 October 2007 |id=NNS071017-13 |agency=[[American Forces Press Service]] |access-date=30 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040311/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |archive-date=5 March 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> This new strategy charted a course for the Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps to work collectively with each other and international partners to prevent regional crises, man-made or natural, from occurring, or reacting quickly should one occur to avoid negative impacts to the United States. During the launch of the new U.S. maritime strategy at the International Seapower Symposium at the [[United States Naval War College|U.S. Naval War College]] in 2007, Coast Guard Commandant Admiral [[Thad Allen]] said the new maritime strategy reinforced the time-honored missions the service has carried out in the United States since 1790. "It reinforces the Coast Guard maritime strategy of safety, security and stewardship, and it reflects not only the global reach of our maritime services but the need to integrate and synchronize and act with our coalition and international partners to not only win wars ... but to prevent wars," Allen said.<ref name="Garamone" /> | ||
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In times of war, the Coast Guard or individual components of it can operate as a service of the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]]. This arrangement has a broad historical basis, as the Coast Guard has been involved in wars as diverse as the [[War of 1812]], the [[Mexican–American War]], and the American Civil War, in which the cutter ''Harriet Lane'' fired the first naval shots attempting to relieve besieged [[Fort Sumter]]. The last time the Coast Guard operated as a whole within the Navy was in [[World War II]], in all some 250,000 served in the Coast Guard during World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/World-War-II/|title=World War II|website=United States Coast Guard Historian's Office|access-date=21 April 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421013907/https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/World-War-II/ |archive-date=Apr 21, 2019 }}</ref> | In times of war, the Coast Guard or individual components of it can operate as a service of the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]]. This arrangement has a broad historical basis, as the Coast Guard has been involved in wars as diverse as the [[War of 1812]], the [[Mexican–American War]], and the American Civil War, in which the cutter ''Harriet Lane'' fired the first naval shots attempting to relieve besieged [[Fort Sumter]]. The last time the Coast Guard operated as a whole within the Navy was in [[World War II]], in all some 250,000 served in the Coast Guard during World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/World-War-II/|title=World War II|website=United States Coast Guard Historian's Office|access-date=21 April 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421013907/https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/World-War-II/ |archive-date=Apr 21, 2019 }}</ref> | ||
[[Coast Guard Squadron One]], was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1965 for service during the | [[Coast Guard Squadron One]], was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1965 for service during the Vietnam War. Placed under the operational control of the United States Navy, it was assigned duties in [[Operation Market Time]]. Its formation marked the first time since World War II that Coast Guard personnel were used extensively in a combat environment. The squadron operated divisions in three separate areas during the period of 1965 to 1970. Twenty-six [[Point-class cutter]]s with their crews and a squadron support staff were assigned to the U.S. Navy with the mission of interdicting the movement of arms and supplies from the [[South China Sea]] into [[South Vietnam]] by [[Viet Cong]] and [[North Vietnam]] [[Junk (ship)|junk]] and [[Naval trawler|trawler]] operators. The squadron also provided [[81mm mortar]] naval gunfire support to nearby friendly units operating along the South Vietnamese coastline and assisted the U.S. Navy during [[Operation Sealords]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vietnam|url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/Vietnam/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=United States Coast Guard Historian's Office |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512140348/https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/Vietnam/ |archive-date=May 12, 2021 }}</ref> | ||
[[Coast Guard Squadron Three]], was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1967 for service during the | [[Coast Guard Squadron Three]], was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1967 for service during the Vietnam War.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jacksjoint.com/cgvietnam.htm|title=The Coast Guard in Vietnam |publisher=Jack's Joint |work=The Coast Guard Reservist |first1=Vern |last1=Toler |date=November 1996 |access-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703045046/http://www.jacksjoint.com/cgvietnam.htm|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status=dead }}</ref> Placed under the operational control of the United States Navy and based in [[Pearl Harbor]]. It consisted of five USCG High Endurance Cutters operating on revolving six-month deployments. A total of 35 High Endurance Cutters took part in operations from May 1967 to December 1971, most notably using their 5-inch guns to provide naval gunfire support missions.<ref name=Larzelere124-128>{{cite book|last=Larzelere|first=Alex|year=1997|title=The Coast Guard at War, Vietnam, 1965–1975|publisher=Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland|pages=124–128|isbn=978-1-55750-529-3}}</ref> | ||
Often units within the Coast Guard operate under [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] operational control while other Coast Guard units remain under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/doddir/navy/noc2010.pdf|title=Naval Operations Concept 2010|publisher=fas.org|access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref> | Often units within the Coast Guard operate under [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] operational control while other Coast Guard units remain under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/doddir/navy/noc2010.pdf|title=Naval Operations Concept 2010|publisher=fas.org|access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref> | ||
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File:VTN Mortar Color Firing.jpg|A gun crew on board {{USCGC|Point Comfort|WPB-82317}} firing an 81 mm mortar during the bombardment of a suspected [[Viet Cong]] staging area one mile behind An Thoi in August 1965 | File:VTN Mortar Color Firing.jpg|A gun crew on board {{USCGC|Point Comfort|WPB-82317}} firing an 81 mm mortar during the bombardment of a suspected [[Viet Cong]] staging area one mile behind An Thoi in August 1965 | ||
File:USCGC Duane (WHEC-33) shelling targets in Vietnam c1967.jpg|{{USCGC|Duane|WPG-33}} shelling targets in Vietnam in 1967, where the Coast Guard was a part of [[Operation Market Time]] | File:USCGC Duane (WHEC-33) shelling targets in Vietnam c1967.jpg|{{USCGC|Duane|WPG-33}} shelling targets in Vietnam in 1967, where the Coast Guard was a part of [[Operation Market Time]] | ||
File:VTN USCGSQ1 Patch.jpg|United States Coast Guard Squadron One unit patch during the | File:VTN USCGSQ1 Patch.jpg|United States Coast Guard Squadron One unit patch during the Vietnam War | ||
File:Seal of the United States Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group.png|Seal of the [[Deployable Operations Group|United States Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group]] | File:Seal of the United States Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group.png|Seal of the [[Deployable Operations Group|United States Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group]] | ||
File:US Navy 100528-N-7643B-241 The guided-missile frigate USS Vandegrift (FFG 48) and the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Mellon (WHEC 717).jpg|{{USS|Vandegrift|FFG 48}} and {{USCGC|Mellon|WHEC-717}} cruising side by side in the [[Java Sea]] on May 28, 2010 | File:US Navy 100528-N-7643B-241 The guided-missile frigate USS Vandegrift (FFG 48) and the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Mellon (WHEC 717).jpg|{{USS|Vandegrift|FFG 48}} and {{USCGC|Mellon|WHEC-717}} cruising side by side in the [[Java Sea]] on May 28, 2010 | ||
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The [[United States Coast Guard Reserve]] is the reserve military force of the Coast Guard.<ref name=14USC704>{{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title14/pdf/USCODE-2011-title14-partII-chap21.pdf |title=14 USC PART II—Coast Guard Reserve and Auxiliary |year=2011 |website=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] |access-date=9 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102131517/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title14/pdf/USCODE-2011-title14-partII-chap21.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Coast Guard Reserve was founded on 19 February 1941. The Coast Guard has 8700 reservists<ref name="uscg.mil"/> who normally drill two days a month and an additional 12 days of active duty each year, although many perform additional drill and active duty periods, to include those mobilized to extended active duty. Coast Guard reservists possess the same training and qualifications as their active duty counterparts, and as such, can be found augmenting active duty Coast Guard units every day.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} | The [[United States Coast Guard Reserve]] is the reserve military force of the Coast Guard.<ref name=14USC704>{{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title14/pdf/USCODE-2011-title14-partII-chap21.pdf |title=14 USC PART II—Coast Guard Reserve and Auxiliary |year=2011 |website=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] |access-date=9 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102131517/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title14/pdf/USCODE-2011-title14-partII-chap21.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Coast Guard Reserve was founded on 19 February 1941. The Coast Guard has 8700 reservists<ref name="uscg.mil"/> who normally drill two days a month and an additional 12 days of active duty each year, although many perform additional drill and active duty periods, to include those mobilized to extended active duty. Coast Guard reservists possess the same training and qualifications as their active duty counterparts, and as such, can be found augmenting active duty Coast Guard units every day.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} | ||
During the | During the Vietnam War and shortly thereafter, the Coast Guard considered abandoning the reserve program, but the force was instead reoriented into force augmentation, where its principal focus was not just reserve operations, but to add to the readiness and mission execution of every-day active duty personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Challenges at many levels: Holistic view of readiness allows Army to meet new demands |url=https://www.army.mil/article/233273/challenges_at_many_levels_holistic_view_of_readiness_allows_army_to_meet_new_demands |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=www.army.mil |date=2 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Since 11 September 2001, reservists have been activated and served on tours of active duty, to include deployments to the [[Persian Gulf]] and also as parts of Department of Defense combatant commands such as the [[United States Northern Command|U.S. Northern]] and [[United States Central Command|Central]] Commands. Coast Guard [[Port Security Unit]]s are entirely staffed with reservists, except for five to seven active duty personnel. Additionally, most of the staffing the Coast Guard provides to the [[Navy Expeditionary Combat Command]] are reservists.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021 |title=Assessing the Health Readiness of Coast Guard Reservists: Results from Coast Guard Reserve Respondents to the HRBS |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/ig149.7 |doi=10.7249/ig149.7|s2cid=241884762 }}</ref> | Since 11 September 2001, reservists have been activated and served on tours of active duty, to include deployments to the [[Persian Gulf]] and also as parts of Department of Defense combatant commands such as the [[United States Northern Command|U.S. Northern]] and [[United States Central Command|Central]] Commands. Coast Guard [[Port Security Unit]]s are entirely staffed with reservists, except for five to seven active duty personnel. Additionally, most of the staffing the Coast Guard provides to the [[Navy Expeditionary Combat Command]] are reservists.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021 |title=Assessing the Health Readiness of Coast Guard Reservists: Results from Coast Guard Reserve Respondents to the HRBS |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/ig149.7 |doi=10.7249/ig149.7|s2cid=241884762 }}</ref> | ||