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Jimmy Carter: Difference between revisions

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[[File:President Carter National Portrait Gallery.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A painting of Carter|Image of President Carter displayed in the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]], Washington DC. Portrait by Robert Templeton.]]
[[File:President Carter National Portrait Gallery.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A painting of Carter|Image of President Carter displayed in the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]], Washington DC. Portrait by Robert Templeton.]]


Carter was inaugurated as the 39th president on January 20, 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/48th-inaugural-ceremonies/|title=48TH INAUGURAL CEREMONIES|publisher=United States Senate|access-date=September 2, 2021|archive-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913210846/https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/48th-inaugural-ceremonies/|url-status=live}}</ref> One of Carter's first acts was the fulfillment of a campaign promise by issuing an [[executive order]] declaring unconditional [[amnesty]] for [[Vietnam War]]-era [[draft evaders]], [[Proclamation 4483]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11967.html |title=Executive Orders |date=October 25, 2010 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=archives.gov |archive-date=September 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922131219/https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11967.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/vietnam/vietnam_1-21-77.html |title=Online NewsHour: Remembering Vietnam: Carter's Pardon |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228161513/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/vietnam/vietnam_1-21-77.html}}</ref> Carter's tenure in office was marked by an economic malaise, a time of [[Early 1980s recession in the United States|continuing inflation and recession]] and a [[1979 energy crisis]]. Under Carter, the U.S. experienced [[1980 United States federal government shutdown|its first ever government shutdown]] in May 1980, though it affected only the [[Federal Trade Commission]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-us-government-shutdowns-2013-9|title=A Complete Guide To Every Government Shutdown In History|last=Cass|first=Connie|date=September 30, 2013|work=Business Insider|access-date=October 2, 2024|language=en|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235018/https://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-us-government-shutdowns-2013-9|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1980, Carter signed Law H.R. 5860 aka Public Law 96–185, known as ''The Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979'', to bail out the [[Chrysler]] Corporation with $3.5&nbsp;billion (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|3.5|1980|r=2}}&nbsp;billion in {{Inflation-year|US}}) in aid.{{sfn|Kaufman|Kaufman|2006|p=183}}
Carter was inaugurated as the 39th president on January 20, 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/48th-inaugural-ceremonies/|title=48TH INAUGURAL CEREMONIES|publisher=United States Senate|access-date=September 2, 2021|archive-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913210846/https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/48th-inaugural-ceremonies/|url-status=live}}</ref> One of Carter's first acts was the fulfillment of a campaign promise by issuing an [[executive order]] declaring unconditional [[amnesty]] for Vietnam War-era [[draft evaders]], [[Proclamation 4483]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11967.html |title=Executive Orders |date=October 25, 2010 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=archives.gov |archive-date=September 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922131219/https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11967.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/vietnam/vietnam_1-21-77.html |title=Online NewsHour: Remembering Vietnam: Carter's Pardon |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228161513/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/vietnam/vietnam_1-21-77.html}}</ref> Carter's tenure in office was marked by an economic malaise, a time of [[Early 1980s recession in the United States|continuing inflation and recession]] and a [[1979 energy crisis]]. Under Carter, the U.S. experienced [[1980 United States federal government shutdown|its first ever government shutdown]] in May 1980, though it affected only the [[Federal Trade Commission]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-us-government-shutdowns-2013-9|title=A Complete Guide To Every Government Shutdown In History|last=Cass|first=Connie|date=September 30, 2013|work=Business Insider|access-date=October 2, 2024|language=en|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235018/https://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-us-government-shutdowns-2013-9|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1980, Carter signed Law H.R. 5860 aka Public Law 96–185, known as ''The Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979'', to bail out the [[Chrysler]] Corporation with $3.5&nbsp;billion (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|3.5|1980|r=2}}&nbsp;billion in {{Inflation-year|US}}) in aid.{{sfn|Kaufman|Kaufman|2006|p=183}}


Carter attempted to calm various conflicts around the world, most visibly in the Middle East with the signing of the [[Camp David Accords]];<ref name="achievement.org">{{cite web |title=Jimmy Carter Biography and Interview |website=achievement.org |publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]] |url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/#interview |access-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-date=February 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222200351/https://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/car0bio-1#interview |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Torrijos–Carter Treaties|giving back the Panama Canal]] to Panama; and signing the [[Salt II|SALT II nuclear arms reduction treaty]] with Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]]. His final year was marred by the [[Iran hostage crisis]], which contributed to his losing the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 election]] to [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-transitions-carter.html |title=Jimmy Carter and the Iranian Hostage Crisis |publisher=White House Historical Association |access-date=December 28, 2014 |archive-date=September 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903061159/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-transitions-carter.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Whistleblowers have alleged, most recently in 2023, that people working on the Reagan campaign's behalf [[October surprise conspiracy theory|convinced Iran to prolong the crisis]] to reduce Carter's chance of reelection.<ref>{{cite news |author-link1=Peter Baker (journalist) |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |title=A Four-Decade Secret: The Untold Story of Sabotaging Jimmy Carter's Re-election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/us/politics/jimmy-carter-october-surprise-iran-hostages.html |access-date=March 19, 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318200201/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/us/politics/jimmy-carter-october-surprise-iran-hostages.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Carter attempted to calm various conflicts around the world, most visibly in the Middle East with the signing of the [[Camp David Accords]];<ref name="achievement.org">{{cite web |title=Jimmy Carter Biography and Interview |website=achievement.org |publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]] |url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/#interview |access-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-date=February 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222200351/https://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/car0bio-1#interview |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Torrijos–Carter Treaties|giving back the Panama Canal]] to Panama; and signing the [[Salt II|SALT II nuclear arms reduction treaty]] with Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]]. His final year was marred by the [[Iran hostage crisis]], which contributed to his losing the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 election]] to [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-transitions-carter.html |title=Jimmy Carter and the Iranian Hostage Crisis |publisher=White House Historical Association |access-date=December 28, 2014 |archive-date=September 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903061159/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-transitions-carter.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Whistleblowers have alleged, most recently in 2023, that people working on the Reagan campaign's behalf [[October surprise conspiracy theory|convinced Iran to prolong the crisis]] to reduce Carter's chance of reelection.<ref>{{cite news |author-link1=Peter Baker (journalist) |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |title=A Four-Decade Secret: The Untold Story of Sabotaging Jimmy Carter's Re-election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/us/politics/jimmy-carter-october-surprise-iran-hostages.html |access-date=March 19, 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318200201/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/us/politics/jimmy-carter-october-surprise-iran-hostages.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
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