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Jimmy Carter: Difference between revisions
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'''James Earl Carter Jr.''' (born October 1, 1924<!-- DO NOT report Carter's death without reliable source. -->) is an American politician and humanitarian who served from 1977 to 1981 as the 39th [[president of the United States]]. A member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], he served from 1963 to 1967 in the [[Georgia State Senate]] and from 1971 to 1975 as the 76th [[governor of Georgia]]. Carter is the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|longest-lived president in U.S. history]] and the first to live to [[Centenarian|100 years of age]]. | '''James Earl Carter Jr.''' (born October 1, 1924<!-- DO NOT report Carter's death without reliable source. -->) is an American politician and humanitarian who served from 1977 to 1981 as the 39th [[president of the United States]]. A member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], he served from 1963 to 1967 in the [[Georgia State Senate]] and from 1971 to 1975 as the 76th [[governor of Georgia]]. Carter is the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|longest-lived president in U.S. history]] and the first to live to [[Centenarian|100 years of age]]. | ||
Carter was born and raised in [[Plains, Georgia]]. He graduated from the [[U.S. Naval Academy]] in 1946 and joined the [[U.S. Navy]]'s submarine service. Carter returned home after his military service and revived his family's peanut-growing business. Opposing [[Racial segregation in the United States|racial segregation]], Carter supported the growing [[civil rights movement]], and became an activist within the Democratic Party. He served in the Georgia State Senate from 1963 to 1967 and then as Governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. As a [[dark-horse]] candidate not well known outside Georgia, Carter won [[1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries|the Democratic Party’s nomination]] and narrowly defeated the incumbent president, [[Gerald Ford]] of the | Carter was born and raised in [[Plains, Georgia]]. He graduated from the [[U.S. Naval Academy]] in 1946 and joined the [[U.S. Navy]]'s submarine service. Carter returned home after his military service and revived his family's peanut-growing business. Opposing [[Racial segregation in the United States|racial segregation]], Carter supported the growing [[civil rights movement]], and became an activist within the Democratic Party. He served in the Georgia State Senate from 1963 to 1967 and then as Governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. As a [[dark-horse]] candidate not well known outside Georgia, Carter won [[1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries|the Democratic Party’s nomination]] and narrowly defeated the incumbent president, [[Gerald Ford]] of the Republican Party, in the [[1976 United States presidential election|1976 presidential election]]. | ||
Carter [[Proclamation 4483|pardoned all Vietnam War draft evaders]] on his second day in office. He created a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. Carter successfully pursued the [[Camp David Accords]], the [[Panama Canal Treaties]], and the second round of [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks]]. He also confronted [[stagflation]]. His administration established the [[U.S. Department of Energy]] and the [[United States Department of Education|Department of Education]]. The end of his presidency was marked by the [[Iran hostage crisis]], [[1979 oil crisis|an energy crisis]], the [[Three Mile Island accident]], the [[Nicaraguan Revolution]], and the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]]. In response to the invasion, Carter escalated the [[Cold War]] by ending ''[[détente]]'', imposing [[United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union|a grain embargo against the Soviets]], enunciating the [[Carter Doctrine]], and leading [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|the multinational boycott]] of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in Moscow. He lost the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 presidential election]] in a landslide to [[Ronald Reagan]], the Republican nominee. | Carter [[Proclamation 4483|pardoned all Vietnam War draft evaders]] on his second day in office. He created a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. Carter successfully pursued the [[Camp David Accords]], the [[Panama Canal Treaties]], and the second round of [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks]]. He also confronted [[stagflation]]. His administration established the [[U.S. Department of Energy]] and the [[United States Department of Education|Department of Education]]. The end of his presidency was marked by the [[Iran hostage crisis]], [[1979 oil crisis|an energy crisis]], the [[Three Mile Island accident]], the [[Nicaraguan Revolution]], and the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]]. In response to the invasion, Carter escalated the [[Cold War]] by ending ''[[détente]]'', imposing [[United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union|a grain embargo against the Soviets]], enunciating the [[Carter Doctrine]], and leading [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|the multinational boycott]] of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in Moscow. He lost the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 presidential election]] in a landslide to [[Ronald Reagan]], the Republican nominee. | ||
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The [[civil rights movement]] was well underway when Carter took office. He and his family had become staunch [[John F. Kennedy]] supporters. Carter remained relatively quiet on the issue at first, even as it polarized much of the county, to avoid alienating his segregationist colleagues. Carter did speak up on a few divisive issues, giving speeches against [[literacy test]]s and against an amendment to the Georgia Constitution that he felt implied a compulsion to practice religion.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|pp=132–140}} Carter entered the state Democratic Executive Committee two years into office, where he helped rewrite the state party's rules. He became the chairman of the West Central Georgia Planning and Development Commission, which oversaw the disbursement of federal and state grants for projects such as historic site restoration.{{sfn|Ryan|2006|p=37}} | The [[civil rights movement]] was well underway when Carter took office. He and his family had become staunch [[John F. Kennedy]] supporters. Carter remained relatively quiet on the issue at first, even as it polarized much of the county, to avoid alienating his segregationist colleagues. Carter did speak up on a few divisive issues, giving speeches against [[literacy test]]s and against an amendment to the Georgia Constitution that he felt implied a compulsion to practice religion.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|pp=132–140}} Carter entered the state Democratic Executive Committee two years into office, where he helped rewrite the state party's rules. He became the chairman of the West Central Georgia Planning and Development Commission, which oversaw the disbursement of federal and state grants for projects such as historic site restoration.{{sfn|Ryan|2006|p=37}} | ||
When [[Bo Callaway]] was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives]] in 1964, Carter immediately began planning to challenge him. The two had previously clashed over which two-year college would be expanded to a four-year college program by the state, and Carter saw Callaway—who had switched to the | When [[Bo Callaway]] was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives]] in 1964, Carter immediately began planning to challenge him. The two had previously clashed over which two-year college would be expanded to a four-year college program by the state, and Carter saw Callaway—who had switched to the Republican Party—as a rival who represented aspects of politics he despised.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|pp=132–145}} Carter was reelected to a second two-year term in the state Senate,{{sfn|Georgia General Assembly|1965}} where he chaired its Education Committee and sat on the Appropriations Committee toward the end of the term. He contributed to a bill expanding statewide education funding and getting [[Georgia Southwestern State University]] a four-year program. He leveraged his regional planning work, giving speeches around the district to make himself more visible to potential voters. On the last day of the term, Carter announced his candidacy for the House of Representatives.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|pp=145–149}} Callaway decided to run for governor instead;{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=150}} Carter changed his mind, deciding to run for governor too.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|pp=154–155}} | ||
=== 1966 and 1970 gubernatorial campaigns === | === 1966 and 1970 gubernatorial campaigns === | ||