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Wisconsin: Difference between revisions
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[[Geography of Wisconsin|Wisconsin's geography]] is diverse, shaped by [[Last glacial period|Ice Age]] glaciers except for the [[Driftless Area]]. The [[Northern Highland]] and [[Western Upland]] along with a part of the [[Central Plain (Wisconsin)|Central Plain]] occupy the western part of the state, with lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan. Wisconsin is third to [[Ontario]] and Michigan in the length of its [[Great Lakes]] coastline. The northern portion of the state is home to the [[Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest]]. At the time of European contact, the area was inhabited by [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] and [[Siouan]] nations, and today it is home to [[List of federally recognized tribes by state#Wisconsin|eleven]] federally recognized [[Tribe (Native American)|tribes]].<ref>{{cite web |title=American Indians in Wisconsin – Overview |url=https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/population/amind-pop.htm |website=[[Wisconsin Department of Health Services]] |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205053/https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/population/amind-pop.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally part of the [[Northwest Territory]], it was [[Admission to the Union|admitted as a state]] in 1848. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many European settlers entered the state, most of whom emigrated from [[Germany]] and [[Scandinavia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Germans in Wisconsin |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2041 |website=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]] |date=August 3, 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205035/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2041 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gordon |first1=Scott |title=How Scandinavians Transformed The Midwest, And The Midwest Transformed Them Too |url=https://www.wiscontext.org/how-scandinavians-transformed-midwest-and-midwest-transformed-them-too |website=[[PBS Wisconsin|WisContext]] |access-date=August 17, 2021 |date=November 4, 2016 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205046/https://www.wiscontext.org/how-scandinavians-transformed-midwest-and-midwest-transformed-them-too |url-status=live }}</ref> Wisconsin remains a center of [[German American]] and [[Scandinavian American]] culture,<ref>{{cite web |title=German and Scandinavian Immigrants in the American Midwest |url=http://digitalexhibits.libraries.wsu.edu/exhibits/show/2016sphist417/immigration/germans-and-scandinavians |website=[[Washington State University]] |publisher=Washington State University |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812190315/http://digitalexhibits.libraries.wsu.edu/exhibits/show/2016sphist417/immigration/germans-and-scandinavians |url-status=live }}</ref> particularly in respect to its [[Cuisine of Wisconsin|cuisine]], with foods such as [[bratwurst]] and [[kringle]]. | [[Geography of Wisconsin|Wisconsin's geography]] is diverse, shaped by [[Last glacial period|Ice Age]] glaciers except for the [[Driftless Area]]. The [[Northern Highland]] and [[Western Upland]] along with a part of the [[Central Plain (Wisconsin)|Central Plain]] occupy the western part of the state, with lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan. Wisconsin is third to [[Ontario]] and Michigan in the length of its [[Great Lakes]] coastline. The northern portion of the state is home to the [[Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest]]. At the time of European contact, the area was inhabited by [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] and [[Siouan]] nations, and today it is home to [[List of federally recognized tribes by state#Wisconsin|eleven]] federally recognized [[Tribe (Native American)|tribes]].<ref>{{cite web |title=American Indians in Wisconsin – Overview |url=https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/population/amind-pop.htm |website=[[Wisconsin Department of Health Services]] |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205053/https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/minority-health/population/amind-pop.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally part of the [[Northwest Territory]], it was [[Admission to the Union|admitted as a state]] in 1848. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many European settlers entered the state, most of whom emigrated from [[Germany]] and [[Scandinavia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Germans in Wisconsin |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2041 |website=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]] |date=August 3, 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205035/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2041 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gordon |first1=Scott |title=How Scandinavians Transformed The Midwest, And The Midwest Transformed Them Too |url=https://www.wiscontext.org/how-scandinavians-transformed-midwest-and-midwest-transformed-them-too |website=[[PBS Wisconsin|WisContext]] |access-date=August 17, 2021 |date=November 4, 2016 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205046/https://www.wiscontext.org/how-scandinavians-transformed-midwest-and-midwest-transformed-them-too |url-status=live }}</ref> Wisconsin remains a center of [[German American]] and [[Scandinavian American]] culture,<ref>{{cite web |title=German and Scandinavian Immigrants in the American Midwest |url=http://digitalexhibits.libraries.wsu.edu/exhibits/show/2016sphist417/immigration/germans-and-scandinavians |website=[[Washington State University]] |publisher=Washington State University |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812190315/http://digitalexhibits.libraries.wsu.edu/exhibits/show/2016sphist417/immigration/germans-and-scandinavians |url-status=live }}</ref> particularly in respect to its [[Cuisine of Wisconsin|cuisine]], with foods such as [[bratwurst]] and [[kringle]]. | ||
Wisconsin is one of the nation's leading [[Dairy farming|dairy producers]] and is known as "America's Dairyland"; it is particularly famous for [[Wisconsin cheese|its cheese]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wisconsin.uk/ | title=wisconsin.uk | access-date=October 25, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025193722/https://wisconsin.uk/ | archive-date=October 25, 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Our Fifty States}}</ref> The state is also famous for [[List of breweries in Wisconsin|its beer]], particularly and historically [[Beer in Milwaukee|in Milwaukee]], most notably as the headquarters of the [[Miller Brewing Company]]. Wisconsin has some of the most permissive [[Alcohol laws of Wisconsin|alcohol laws]] in the country and is known for its [[drinking culture]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Matthews|first=Christopher|title=The 3 Best and 3 Worst States in America for Drinking|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=https://business.time.com/2013/12/05/the-3-best-and-3-worst-states-in-america-for-drinking/|url-status=live|access-date=October 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901203759/http://business.time.com/2013/12/05/the-3-best-and-3-worst-states-in-america-for-drinking/|archive-date=September 1, 2019|issn=0040-781X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Laurel |title=High Tolerance: How State's Drinking Culture Developed |url=https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2019/05/19/high-tolerance-how-states-drinking-culture-developed/ |website=urbanmilwaukee.com |publisher=[[Wisconsin Public Radio]] |access-date=December 8, 2021 |date=May 19, 2019 |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208184253/https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2019/05/19/high-tolerance-how-states-drinking-culture-developed/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its economy is dominated by manufacturing, healthcare, information technology, and agriculture—specifically dairy, [[cranberries]], and [[ginseng]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/ginseng-continues-rebound-in-central-wisconsin/article_5dd63657-78ac-5cfe-ac88-419af3e9bf09.html|title=Ginseng continues rebound in central Wisconsin|last=Adams|first=Barry |work=Wisconsin State Journal |access-date=August 11, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811195428/https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/ginseng-continues-rebound-in-central-wisconsin/article_5dd63657-78ac-5cfe-ac88-419af3e9bf09.html|archive-date=August 11, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Tourism is also a major contributor to the state's economy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Evers announces $10M to promote tourism industry in Wisconsin |url=https://www.cbs58.com/news/evers-announces-10m-to-promote-tourism-industry-in-wisconsin |access-date=August 17, 2021 |agency=[[WDJT-TV]] |date=August 3, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205037/https://www.cbs58.com/news/evers-announces-10m-to-promote-tourism-industry-in-wisconsin |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[List of states and territories of the United States by GDP|gross domestic product]] in 2020 was $348 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wisconsin |url=https://www.forbes.com/places/wi/?sh=9db899823a16 |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205041/https://www.forbes.com/places/wi/?sh=9db899823a16 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wisconsin is home to one [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], comprising [[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright|two of the most significant buildings]] designed by Wisconsin-born architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]: his studio at [[Taliesin (studio)|Taliesin]] near [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] and his [[Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House|Jacobs I House]] in Madison.<ref name="whs">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1496 |title=The 20th-century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-date=July 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709141412/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1496 |url-status=live }}</ref> The | Wisconsin is one of the nation's leading [[Dairy farming|dairy producers]] and is known as "America's Dairyland"; it is particularly famous for [[Wisconsin cheese|its cheese]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wisconsin.uk/ | title=wisconsin.uk | access-date=October 25, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025193722/https://wisconsin.uk/ | archive-date=October 25, 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Our Fifty States}}</ref> The state is also famous for [[List of breweries in Wisconsin|its beer]], particularly and historically [[Beer in Milwaukee|in Milwaukee]], most notably as the headquarters of the [[Miller Brewing Company]]. Wisconsin has some of the most permissive [[Alcohol laws of Wisconsin|alcohol laws]] in the country and is known for its [[drinking culture]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Matthews|first=Christopher|title=The 3 Best and 3 Worst States in America for Drinking|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=https://business.time.com/2013/12/05/the-3-best-and-3-worst-states-in-america-for-drinking/|url-status=live|access-date=October 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901203759/http://business.time.com/2013/12/05/the-3-best-and-3-worst-states-in-america-for-drinking/|archive-date=September 1, 2019|issn=0040-781X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Laurel |title=High Tolerance: How State's Drinking Culture Developed |url=https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2019/05/19/high-tolerance-how-states-drinking-culture-developed/ |website=urbanmilwaukee.com |publisher=[[Wisconsin Public Radio]] |access-date=December 8, 2021 |date=May 19, 2019 |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208184253/https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2019/05/19/high-tolerance-how-states-drinking-culture-developed/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its economy is dominated by manufacturing, healthcare, information technology, and agriculture—specifically dairy, [[cranberries]], and [[ginseng]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/ginseng-continues-rebound-in-central-wisconsin/article_5dd63657-78ac-5cfe-ac88-419af3e9bf09.html|title=Ginseng continues rebound in central Wisconsin|last=Adams|first=Barry |work=Wisconsin State Journal |access-date=August 11, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811195428/https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/ginseng-continues-rebound-in-central-wisconsin/article_5dd63657-78ac-5cfe-ac88-419af3e9bf09.html|archive-date=August 11, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Tourism is also a major contributor to the state's economy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Evers announces $10M to promote tourism industry in Wisconsin |url=https://www.cbs58.com/news/evers-announces-10m-to-promote-tourism-industry-in-wisconsin |access-date=August 17, 2021 |agency=[[WDJT-TV]] |date=August 3, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205037/https://www.cbs58.com/news/evers-announces-10m-to-promote-tourism-industry-in-wisconsin |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[List of states and territories of the United States by GDP|gross domestic product]] in 2020 was $348 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wisconsin |url=https://www.forbes.com/places/wi/?sh=9db899823a16 |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817205041/https://www.forbes.com/places/wi/?sh=9db899823a16 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wisconsin is home to one [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], comprising [[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright|two of the most significant buildings]] designed by Wisconsin-born architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]: his studio at [[Taliesin (studio)|Taliesin]] near [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] and his [[Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House|Jacobs I House]] in Madison.<ref name="whs">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1496 |title=The 20th-century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-date=July 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709141412/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1496 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Republican Party was founded in Wisconsin in 1854; in modern elections, it is considered a [[swing state]]. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
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===Civil War=== | ===Civil War=== | ||
{{Main article|Wisconsin in the American Civil War}} | {{Main article|Wisconsin in the American Civil War}} | ||
[[File:LittleWhiteSchoolhouse.jpg|thumb|The [[Little White Schoolhouse]] in [[Ripon, Wisconsin|Ripon]] held the nation's first meeting of the | [[File:LittleWhiteSchoolhouse.jpg|thumb|The [[Little White Schoolhouse]] in [[Ripon, Wisconsin|Ripon]] held the nation's first meeting of the Republican Party.]] [[File:WIS-8th@Viclsburg.jpg|thumb|The [[8th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment]] with [[Old Abe]]]] | ||
Politics in early Wisconsin were defined by the greater national debate over slavery. A free state from its foundation, Wisconsin became a center of northern [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionism]]. The debate became especially intense in 1854 after [[Joshua Glover]], a runaway slave from [[Missouri]], was captured in [[Racine, Wisconsin|Racine]]. Glover was taken into custody under the Federal [[Fugitive Slave Act of 1850|Fugitive Slave Law]], but a mob of abolitionists stormed the prison where Glover was held and helped him escape to Canada. In a trial stemming from the incident, the [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]] ultimately declared the Fugitive Slave Law unconstitutional.<ref>{{cite book|title=Leading Events of Wisconsin History|last=Legler|first=Henry|year=1898|publisher=Sentinel|location=Milwaukee, Wis.|pages=226–229|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WIReader/WER1124.html|chapter=Rescue of Joshua Glover, a Runaway Slave|access-date=October 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018071024/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WIReader/WER1124.html|archive-date=October 18, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The | Politics in early Wisconsin were defined by the greater national debate over slavery. A free state from its foundation, Wisconsin became a center of northern [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionism]]. The debate became especially intense in 1854 after [[Joshua Glover]], a runaway slave from [[Missouri]], was captured in [[Racine, Wisconsin|Racine]]. Glover was taken into custody under the Federal [[Fugitive Slave Act of 1850|Fugitive Slave Law]], but a mob of abolitionists stormed the prison where Glover was held and helped him escape to Canada. In a trial stemming from the incident, the [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]] ultimately declared the Fugitive Slave Law unconstitutional.<ref>{{cite book|title=Leading Events of Wisconsin History|last=Legler|first=Henry|year=1898|publisher=Sentinel|location=Milwaukee, Wis.|pages=226–229|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WIReader/WER1124.html|chapter=Rescue of Joshua Glover, a Runaway Slave|access-date=October 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018071024/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WIReader/WER1124.html|archive-date=October 18, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Republican Party, founded on March 20, 1854, by anti-slavery expansion activists in [[Ripon, Wisconsin]], grew to dominate state politics in the aftermath of these events.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nesbit|year=1973|isbn=978-0-299-06370-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wisconsinhistory0000nesb/page/238 238–239]|title=Wisconsin: a history|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |url=https://archive.org/details/wisconsinhistory0000nesb/page/238}}</ref> During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], around 91,000 troops from Wisconsin fought for the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Turning Points in Wisconsin History: The Iron Brigade, Old Abe and Military Affairs|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-023/?action=more_essay|publisher=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]]|access-date=March 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204150829/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-023/?action=more_essay|archive-date=December 4, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
===Economic progress=== | ===Economic progress=== | ||