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Department of Education: Difference between revisions
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Over the years, the office remained relatively small, operating under different titles and housed in various agencies, including the [[United States Department of the Interior]] and the former United States Department of Health Education and Welfare (DHEW) (now the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (DHHS)).<ref name="Department History"/> An unsuccessful attempt at creating a Department of Education, headed by a [[United States Secretary of Education|Secretary of Education]], came with the Smith–Towner Bill in 1920.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=April 1920|title=The Smith-Towner Bill|journal=[[Elementary School Journal]]|volume=20|issue=8|pages=575–583|jstor=994235|doi=10.1086/454812|doi-access=free}}</ref> | Over the years, the office remained relatively small, operating under different titles and housed in various agencies, including the [[United States Department of the Interior]] and the former United States Department of Health Education and Welfare (DHEW) (now the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (DHHS)).<ref name="Department History"/> An unsuccessful attempt at creating a Department of Education, headed by a [[United States Secretary of Education|Secretary of Education]], came with the Smith–Towner Bill in 1920.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=April 1920|title=The Smith-Towner Bill|journal=[[Elementary School Journal]]|volume=20|issue=8|pages=575–583|jstor=994235|doi=10.1086/454812|doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
In 1939, the organization (then a bureau) was transferred to the [[Federal Security Agency]], where it was renamed as the Office of Education. After [[World War II]], President | In 1939, the organization (then a bureau) was transferred to the [[Federal Security Agency]], where it was renamed as the Office of Education. After [[World War II]], President Dwight D. Eisenhower promulgated "Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953." The Federal Security Agency was abolished and most of its functions were transferred to the newly formed DHEW.<ref>[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/ewing3.htm "Oral History Interview with Oscar R. Ewing."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821024839/http://trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/ewing3.htm |date=21 August 2016 }} Oral History Interviews. Truman Presidential Library. May 1, 1969; [https://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/reorg.htm Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953. Title 5: Appendix: Reorganization Plans.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512143544/http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/reorg.htm |date=12 May 2009 }} Transmitted to the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives, March 12, 1953.</ref> | ||
In 1979, President Carter advocated for creating a cabinet-level Department of Education.<ref name=outlined>{{cite news |title= Department of Education Outlined |agency= Associated Press |date= February 9, 1979 |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IkwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5661,1224804&dq=department+of+education&hl=en |access-date= 23 October 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160307083553/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IkwNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OG0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5661,1224804&dq=department+of+education&hl=en |archive-date= 7 March 2016 |url-status= live }}</ref> Carter's plan was to transfer most of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's education-related functions to the Department of Education.<ref name=outlined/> Carter also planned to transfer the education-related functions of the departments of Defense, Justice, Housing and Urban Development, and Agriculture, as well as a few other federal entities.<ref name=outlined/> Among the federal education-related programs that were not proposed to be transferred were Headstart, the Department of Agriculture's school lunch and nutrition programs, the Department of the Interior's Native Americans' education programs, and the Department of Labor's education and training programs.<ref name=outlined/> | In 1979, President Carter advocated for creating a cabinet-level Department of Education.<ref name=outlined>{{cite news |title= Department of Education Outlined |agency= Associated Press |date= February 9, 1979 |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IkwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5661,1224804&dq=department+of+education&hl=en |access-date= 23 October 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160307083553/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IkwNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OG0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5661,1224804&dq=department+of+education&hl=en |archive-date= 7 March 2016 |url-status= live }}</ref> Carter's plan was to transfer most of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's education-related functions to the Department of Education.<ref name=outlined/> Carter also planned to transfer the education-related functions of the departments of Defense, Justice, Housing and Urban Development, and Agriculture, as well as a few other federal entities.<ref name=outlined/> Among the federal education-related programs that were not proposed to be transferred were Headstart, the Department of Agriculture's school lunch and nutrition programs, the Department of the Interior's Native Americans' education programs, and the Department of Labor's education and training programs.<ref name=outlined/> | ||