Johns Hopkins University: Difference between revisions

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 ====African-Americans====
-Hopkins was a prominent [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]] who supported [[Abraham Lincoln]] during the [[American Civil War]]. After his death, reports said his conviction was a decisive factor in enrolling Hopkins's first [[African-American]] student, [[Kelly Miller (scientist)|Kelly Miller]], a graduate student in physics, astronomy and mathematics.<ref name="mdhistoryonline">[https://archive.today/20120907140948/http://www.mdhistoryonline.net/mdmedicine/cfm/dsp_detail.cfm?id=1895 MDhistoryonline.net], Medicine in Maryland 1752–1920</ref> As time passed, the university adopted a "separate but equal" stance more like other Baltimore institutions.<ref name="racial_record"/>
+Hopkins was a prominent [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]] who supported Abraham Lincoln during the [[American Civil War]]. After his death, reports said his conviction was a decisive factor in enrolling Hopkins's first [[African-American]] student, [[Kelly Miller (scientist)|Kelly Miller]], a graduate student in physics, astronomy and mathematics.<ref name="mdhistoryonline">[https://archive.today/20120907140948/http://www.mdhistoryonline.net/mdmedicine/cfm/dsp_detail.cfm?id=1895 MDhistoryonline.net], Medicine in Maryland 1752–1920</ref> As time passed, the university adopted a "separate but equal" stance more like other Baltimore institutions.<ref name="racial_record"/>
 The first black undergraduate entered the school in 1945 and graduate students followed in 1967.<ref name="timeline_JHSPH">{{cite web |title=Our First Century |url=https://magazine.jhsph.edu/2015/summer/features/a-century-of-firsts/ |website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health |access-date=June 5, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521074946/https://magazine.jhsph.edu/2015/summer/features/a-century-of-firsts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> James Nabwangu, a British-trained Kenyan, was the first black graduate of the medical school.<ref name="In a Sea of White Faces">{{cite web |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/hmn/w98/sea.html |title=In a Sea of White Faces |publisher=Hopkinsmedicine.org |access-date=September 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611033731/http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/hmn/w98/sea.html |archive-date=June 11, 2011 }}</ref> African-American instructor and laboratory supervisor [[Vivien Thomas]] was instrumental in developing and conducting the first successful [[blue baby syndrome|blue baby operation]] in 1944.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/partners/legacy/l_colleagues_thomas.html|title = Footprints Through Time: Vivien Thomas|access-date = March 4, 2015|website = PBS|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150215234419/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/partners/legacy/l_colleagues_thomas.html|archive-date = February 15, 2015|df = mdy-all}}</ref> Despite such cases, racial diversity did not become commonplace at Johns Hopkins institutions until the 1960s and 1970s.