Virginia: Difference between revisions

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 Enforcement of federal civil rights legislation passed in the mid-1960s helped overturn the state's [[Jim Crow laws]] that effectively [[disfranchisement|disfranchised]] African Americans.<ref name=promiseprejudice>{{cite journal|title=Promise and prejudice: Wise County, Virginia and the Great Migration, 1910–1920|first=Michael H.|last=Burchett|journal=The Journal of Negro History|volume=82|issue=3|date=Summer 1997|doi=10.2307/2717675|jstor=2717675|pages=312–327|s2cid=141153760}}</ref> The [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]] made Virginia one of nine states that were required to receive federal approval for changes to voting laws, until the system for including states was [[Shelby County v. Holder|struck down in 2013]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://richmond.com/news/local/government-politics/voting-rights-ruling-leaves-virginia-in-limbo/article_267260ae-6220-5df1-b7b5-3814189734c7.html |title= Voting rights ruling leaves Virginia in 'limbo' |first1= Markus |last1= Schmidt |first2= Michael |last2= Martz |newspaper= The Richmond Times-Dispatch |date= June 26, 2013 |access-date= May 13, 2021}}</ref> The [[Voting Rights Act of Virginia]] was passed in 2021, requiring preclearance from the [[Attorney General of Virginia|state Attorney General]] for local election changes that could result in disenfranchisement, including closing or moving polling sites.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/31/us/virginia-voting-rights.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/31/us/virginia-voting-rights.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |title= Virginia's governor announces his support for a sweeping voting rights bill |newspaper= The New York Times |first= Nick |last= Corasaniti |date= March 31, 2021 |access-date= March 31, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Though many Jim Crow provisions were removed in Virginia's 1971 constitution, a lifetime [[Felony disenfranchisement in Virginia|ban on voting for felony convictions]] was unchanged, and by 2016, up to twenty percent of African Americans in Virginia were disenfranchised because of prior felonies.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-22/virginia-governor-terry-mcauliffe-ends-the-state-s-lifetime-voting-ban-for-former-felony-offenders |title= Restoring Voting Rights to Former Felony Offenders |newspaper= Bloomberg |first= Brentin |last= Mock |date= April 22, 2016 |access-date= May 13, 2021}}</ref> That year, Governor [[Terry McAuliffe]] ended the lifetime ban and individually restored voting rights to over 200,000&nbsp;ex-felons.<ref name=atlantic>{{cite news |url= https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/04/virginia-felon-disenfranchisement/480072/ |title= The Racist Roots of Virginia's Felon Disenfranchisement |newspaper= The Atlantic |first= Matt |last= Ford |date= April 27, 2016 |access-date= May 13, 2021}}</ref> Virginia moved from being ranked as the second most difficult state to vote in 2016, to the twelfth easiest in 2020.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=J. Pomante II |first1=Michael |last2=Li |first2=Quan |title=Cost of Voting in the American States: 2020 |journal=Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy |date=December 15, 2020 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=503–509 |doi=10.1089/elj.2020.0666 |s2cid=225139517 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
-While urban and expanding suburban areas, including much of [[Northern Virginia]], form the modern [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] [[base (politics)|base]], rural southern and western areas moved to support the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] in response to its "[[southern strategy]]" starting around 1970.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Activists and Partisan Realignment in the United States|first1=Gary|last1=Miller|first2=Norman|last2=Schofield|journal=The American Political Science Review|volume=97|issue=2|date=May 2003|pages=245–260|jstor=3118207|doi=10.1017/s0003055403000650|doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024 |s2cid=12885628}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/political_commentary/commentary_by_geoffrey_skelley/the_new_dominion_virginia_s_ever_changing_electoral_map|title=The New Dominion: Virginia's Ever-Changing Electoral Map |first= Geoffrey |last= Skelley |date= July 13, 2017 |website= Rasmussen Reports |access-date= July 30, 2020}}</ref> Rural Democratic support has nevertheless persisted in union-influenced [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke]], college towns such as [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]] and [[Blacksburg, Virginia|Blacksburg]], and the southeastern [[Black Belt in the American South|Black Belt Region]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=African American Legislative Politics in Virginia|first1=Michael L.|last1=Clemons|first2=Charles E.|last2=Jones|journal=[[Journal of Black Studies]]|volume=30|issue=6, Special Issue: African American State Legislative Politics|date=July 2000|pages=744–767|doi=10.1177/002193470003000603|jstor=2645922|s2cid=144038985}}</ref> African Americans are the most reliable bloc of Democratic voters,<ref name=promiseprejudice/> but educational attainment and gender have also become strong indicators of political alignment, with the majority of women in Virginia supporting Democratic presidential candidates since 1980.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.virginia.edu/content/what-exit-polls-are-telling-us |title=  What the Exit Polls Are Telling Us |first1= Jennifer |last1= Lawless |first2= Paul |last2= Freedman |website= UVAToday |date= November 6, 2020 |access-date= May 19, 2021}}</ref> International immigration and domestic migration into Virginia have also increased the proportion of eligible voters born outside the state from 44% in 1980 to 55% in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/09/us/virginia-elections-democrats-republicans.html |title= How Voters Turned Virginia From Deep Red to Solid Blue |first1= Sabrina |last1= Tavernise |first2= Robert |last2= Gebeloff |newspaper= The New York Times |date= November 9, 2019 |access-date= May 7, 2020}}</ref>
+While urban and expanding suburban areas, including much of [[Northern Virginia]], form the modern [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] [[base (politics)|base]], rural southern and western areas moved to support the Republican Party in response to its "[[southern strategy]]" starting around 1970.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Activists and Partisan Realignment in the United States|first1=Gary|last1=Miller|first2=Norman|last2=Schofield|journal=The American Political Science Review|volume=97|issue=2|date=May 2003|pages=245–260|jstor=3118207|doi=10.1017/s0003055403000650|doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024 |s2cid=12885628}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/political_commentary/commentary_by_geoffrey_skelley/the_new_dominion_virginia_s_ever_changing_electoral_map|title=The New Dominion: Virginia's Ever-Changing Electoral Map |first= Geoffrey |last= Skelley |date= July 13, 2017 |website= Rasmussen Reports |access-date= July 30, 2020}}</ref> Rural Democratic support has nevertheless persisted in union-influenced [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke]], college towns such as [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]] and [[Blacksburg, Virginia|Blacksburg]], and the southeastern [[Black Belt in the American South|Black Belt Region]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=African American Legislative Politics in Virginia|first1=Michael L.|last1=Clemons|first2=Charles E.|last2=Jones|journal=[[Journal of Black Studies]]|volume=30|issue=6, Special Issue: African American State Legislative Politics|date=July 2000|pages=744–767|doi=10.1177/002193470003000603|jstor=2645922|s2cid=144038985}}</ref> African Americans are the most reliable bloc of Democratic voters,<ref name=promiseprejudice/> but educational attainment and gender have also become strong indicators of political alignment, with the majority of women in Virginia supporting Democratic presidential candidates since 1980.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.virginia.edu/content/what-exit-polls-are-telling-us |title=  What the Exit Polls Are Telling Us |first1= Jennifer |last1= Lawless |first2= Paul |last2= Freedman |website= UVAToday |date= November 6, 2020 |access-date= May 19, 2021}}</ref> International immigration and domestic migration into Virginia have also increased the proportion of eligible voters born outside the state from 44% in 1980 to 55% in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/09/us/virginia-elections-democrats-republicans.html |title= How Voters Turned Virginia From Deep Red to Solid Blue |first1= Sabrina |last1= Tavernise |first2= Robert |last2= Gebeloff |newspaper= The New York Times |date= November 9, 2019 |access-date= May 7, 2020}}</ref>
 ===State elections===