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Virginia: Difference between revisions
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Because Virginia enacted their post-Civil-War [[Constitution of Virginia|constitution]] in 1870, state elections in Virginia occur in odd-numbered years, with executive department elections occurring in years following U.S. presidential elections and [[Senate of Virginia|State Senate]] elections occurring in the years prior to presidential elections.<ref name=offyear>{{cite news |url= https://wamu.org/story/17/09/13/virginia-hold-elections-off-off-years/ |title= Why Does Virginia Hold Elections In Off-Off Years? |website= WAMU |first= Martin |last= Austermuhle |date= September 13, 2017 |access-date= April 25, 2024}}</ref> [[Virginia House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] elections take place concurrent with each of those elections. National politics often play a role in state election outcomes, and Virginians have elected governors of the party opposite the U.S. president in eleven of the last twelve contests, with only [[Terry McAuliffe]] beating the trend [[Virginia elections, 2013|in 2013]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2017-elections/inside-data-what-virginia-election-results-mean-18-n820001 |title= Inside the Data: What the Virginia Election Results Mean for '18 |website= NBC News |date= November 12, 2017 |first= Dante |last= Chinni |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191119060422/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2017-elections/inside-data-what-virginia-election-results-mean-18-n820001 |archive-date= November 19, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/polls-open-across-virginia-in-hotly-contested-governors-race/2013/11/04/06c6205c-45d2-11e3-bf0c-cebf37c6f484_story.html |title= McAuliffe narrowly wins Va. governor's race |newspaper= The Washington Post |first= Marc |last= Fisher |date= November 6, 2013 |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191107191400/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/polls-open-across-virginia-in-hotly-contested-governors-race/2013/11/04/06c6205c-45d2-11e3-bf0c-cebf37c6f484_story.html |archive-date= November 7, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref> | Because Virginia enacted their post-Civil-War [[Constitution of Virginia|constitution]] in 1870, state elections in Virginia occur in odd-numbered years, with executive department elections occurring in years following U.S. presidential elections and [[Senate of Virginia|State Senate]] elections occurring in the years prior to presidential elections.<ref name=offyear>{{cite news |url= https://wamu.org/story/17/09/13/virginia-hold-elections-off-off-years/ |title= Why Does Virginia Hold Elections In Off-Off Years? |website= WAMU |first= Martin |last= Austermuhle |date= September 13, 2017 |access-date= April 25, 2024}}</ref> [[Virginia House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] elections take place concurrent with each of those elections. National politics often play a role in state election outcomes, and Virginians have elected governors of the party opposite the U.S. president in eleven of the last twelve contests, with only [[Terry McAuliffe]] beating the trend [[Virginia elections, 2013|in 2013]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2017-elections/inside-data-what-virginia-election-results-mean-18-n820001 |title= Inside the Data: What the Virginia Election Results Mean for '18 |website= NBC News |date= November 12, 2017 |first= Dante |last= Chinni |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191119060422/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2017-elections/inside-data-what-virginia-election-results-mean-18-n820001 |archive-date= November 19, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/polls-open-across-virginia-in-hotly-contested-governors-race/2013/11/04/06c6205c-45d2-11e3-bf0c-cebf37c6f484_story.html |title= McAuliffe narrowly wins Va. governor's race |newspaper= The Washington Post |first= Marc |last= Fisher |date= November 6, 2013 |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191107191400/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/polls-open-across-virginia-in-hotly-contested-governors-race/2013/11/04/06c6205c-45d2-11e3-bf0c-cebf37c6f484_story.html |archive-date= November 7, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref> | ||
The [[Virginia elections, 2017|2017 state elections]] resulted in Democrats holding the three executive offices, as lieutenant governor [[Ralph Northam]] won [[2017 Virginia gubernatorial election|the race for governor]]. In concurrent [[Virginia House of Delegates elections, 2017|House of Delegates elections]], Democrats flipped fifteen of the Republicans' previous sixteen-seat majority.<ref>{{cite news |last1= Nirappil |first1= Fenit |title= Democrats make significant gains in Virginia legislature; control of House in play |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/democrats-poised-to-make-significant-gains-in-virginia-legislature/2017/11/07/9c2f4d24-c401-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |newspaper= The Washington Post |date= November 8, 2017 |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190912234942/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/democrats-poised-to-make-significant-gains-in-virginia-legislature/2017/11/07/9c2f4d24-c401-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |archive-date= September 12, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref> Control of the House came down to a tied election in the [[Virginia's 94th House of Delegates district|94th district]], which the Republican won by a drawing of lots, giving the party a slim 51–49 majority in the [[160th Virginia General Assembly|2018–19 legislative sessions]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moomaw |first1=Graham |title=Del. David E. Yancey wins tiebreaker for key Virginia House of Delegates seat |url=https://www.fredericksburg.com/news/election/del-david-e-yancey-wins-tiebreaker-for-key-virginia-house/article_785a475f-3ad0-5ad7-b7d8-79c051d642a2.html |newspaper= The Free Lance-Star |date=January 4, 2018 |access-date=August 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104175908/http://www.fredericksburg.com/news/election/del-david-e-yancey-wins-tiebreaker-for-key-virginia-house/article_785a475f-3ad0-5ad7-b7d8-79c051d642a2.html |archive-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> At this time, Virginia was ranked as having the most [[Gerrymandering in the United States|gerrymandered]] U.S. state legislature, as Republicans controlled the House with only 44.5% of the total vote.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://schwarzeneggerinstitute.com/theworstpartisangerrymanders |title= The worst U.S. State Legislative Partisan Gerrymanders |publisher= USC Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy |author1-link= Christian R. Grose |first1= Christian R. |last1= Grose |first2= Jordan Carr |last2= Peterson |first3= Matthew |last3= Nelson |first4= Sara |last4= Sadhwani |date= September 5, 2019 |access-date= July 8, 2021 |archive-date= March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308223626/http://schwarzeneggerinstitute.com/theworstpartisangerrymanders |url-status= dead }}</ref> In 2019, [[Bethune-Hill v. Virginia State Bd. of Elections|federal courts found]] that eleven House district lines, including the 94th, were unconstitutionally drawn to discriminate against African Americans.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/court-strikes-down-virginia-house-districts-as-racial-gerrymandering/2018/06/26/4e953752-7993-11e8-80be-6d32e182a3bc_story.html |title= Court strikes down Virginia House districts as racial gerrymandering |newspaper= The Washington Post |first= Rachel |last= Weiner |date= June 26, 2018 |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191031145205/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/court-strikes-down-virginia-house-districts-as-racial-gerrymandering/2018/06/26/4e953752-7993-11e8-80be-6d32e182a3bc_story.html |archive-date= October 31, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/17/politics/supreme-court-racial-virginia-gerrymandering-case/index.html | title = Supreme Court hands Democrats a win in Virginia racial gerrymander case | first1 = Ariane | last1 = de Vogue | first2= Ryan | last2= Nobles | first3= Devan | last3= Cole | date = June 17, 2019 | access-date = June 17, 2019 | work = | The [[Virginia elections, 2017|2017 state elections]] resulted in Democrats holding the three executive offices, as lieutenant governor [[Ralph Northam]] won [[2017 Virginia gubernatorial election|the race for governor]]. In concurrent [[Virginia House of Delegates elections, 2017|House of Delegates elections]], Democrats flipped fifteen of the Republicans' previous sixteen-seat majority.<ref>{{cite news |last1= Nirappil |first1= Fenit |title= Democrats make significant gains in Virginia legislature; control of House in play |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/democrats-poised-to-make-significant-gains-in-virginia-legislature/2017/11/07/9c2f4d24-c401-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |newspaper= The Washington Post |date= November 8, 2017 |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190912234942/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/democrats-poised-to-make-significant-gains-in-virginia-legislature/2017/11/07/9c2f4d24-c401-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |archive-date= September 12, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref> Control of the House came down to a tied election in the [[Virginia's 94th House of Delegates district|94th district]], which the Republican won by a drawing of lots, giving the party a slim 51–49 majority in the [[160th Virginia General Assembly|2018–19 legislative sessions]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moomaw |first1=Graham |title=Del. David E. Yancey wins tiebreaker for key Virginia House of Delegates seat |url=https://www.fredericksburg.com/news/election/del-david-e-yancey-wins-tiebreaker-for-key-virginia-house/article_785a475f-3ad0-5ad7-b7d8-79c051d642a2.html |newspaper= The Free Lance-Star |date=January 4, 2018 |access-date=August 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104175908/http://www.fredericksburg.com/news/election/del-david-e-yancey-wins-tiebreaker-for-key-virginia-house/article_785a475f-3ad0-5ad7-b7d8-79c051d642a2.html |archive-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> At this time, Virginia was ranked as having the most [[Gerrymandering in the United States|gerrymandered]] U.S. state legislature, as Republicans controlled the House with only 44.5% of the total vote.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://schwarzeneggerinstitute.com/theworstpartisangerrymanders |title= The worst U.S. State Legislative Partisan Gerrymanders |publisher= USC Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy |author1-link= Christian R. Grose |first1= Christian R. |last1= Grose |first2= Jordan Carr |last2= Peterson |first3= Matthew |last3= Nelson |first4= Sara |last4= Sadhwani |date= September 5, 2019 |access-date= July 8, 2021 |archive-date= March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308223626/http://schwarzeneggerinstitute.com/theworstpartisangerrymanders |url-status= dead }}</ref> In 2019, [[Bethune-Hill v. Virginia State Bd. of Elections|federal courts found]] that eleven House district lines, including the 94th, were unconstitutionally drawn to discriminate against African Americans.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/court-strikes-down-virginia-house-districts-as-racial-gerrymandering/2018/06/26/4e953752-7993-11e8-80be-6d32e182a3bc_story.html |title= Court strikes down Virginia House districts as racial gerrymandering |newspaper= The Washington Post |first= Rachel |last= Weiner |date= June 26, 2018 |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191031145205/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/court-strikes-down-virginia-house-districts-as-racial-gerrymandering/2018/06/26/4e953752-7993-11e8-80be-6d32e182a3bc_story.html |archive-date= October 31, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/17/politics/supreme-court-racial-virginia-gerrymandering-case/index.html | title = Supreme Court hands Democrats a win in Virginia racial gerrymander case | first1 = Ariane | last1 = de Vogue | first2= Ryan | last2= Nobles | first3= Devan | last3= Cole | date = June 17, 2019 | access-date = June 17, 2019 | work = CNN}}</ref> Adjusted districts were used in the [[Virginia elections, 2019|2019 elections]], when Democrats won full control of the General Assembly, despite [[2019 Virginia political crisis|a political crisis earlier that year]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/05/us/politics/virginia-elections.html|title=Virginia Election: Democrats Take Full Control of State Government|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 6, 2019|access-date=March 6, 2019|first=Trip|last=Gabriel}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://qz.com/1743356/fixing-racial-gerrymandering-helped-democrats-take-back-virginia/ |title= Newly redrawn voting districts hand Virginia Democrats a sweeping victory |website= Quartz |first= Annalisa |last= Merelli |date= November 6, 2019 |access-date= November 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191107003650/https://qz.com/1743356/fixing-racial-gerrymandering-helped-democrats-take-back-virginia/ |archive-date= November 7, 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref> Voters in 2020 then [[2020 Virginia Question 1|passed a referendum]] to give [[Redistricting in Virginia|control of drawing]] both state and congressional districts to a commission of eight citizens and four legislators from each of the two major parties, rather than the legislature.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/virginia-redistricting-amendment-results/2020/11/02/5d1ef242-19f8-11eb-befb-8864259bd2d8_story.html |title= Virginians approve turning redistricting over to bipartisan commission |newspaper= The Washington Post |first= Rachel |last= Weiner |date= November 4, 2020 |access-date= November 10, 2020}}</ref> | ||
In 2021, [[Glenn Youngkin]] became the first Republican to [[2021 Virginia gubernatorial election|win the governor's race]] since 2009,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Republican Youngkin wins Virginia governor's race in blow to Democrats, NBC News projects|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/polls-close-soon-virginia-s-closely-watched-gubernatorial-election-n1283066|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=NBC News|date=November 3, 2021}}</ref> with his party also winning the races for [[2021 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election|lieutenant governor]] and [[2021 Virginia Attorney General election|attorney general]] and gaining [[2021 Virginia House of Delegates election|seven seats in the House of Delegates]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Republican Winsome Sears projected to win lieutenant governor's race|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/virginia-lieutenant-governor/2021/11/02/27f9ed8c-36b3-11ec-91dc-551d44733e2d_story.html|access-date=November 3, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Seddiq|first2=Grace |last2=Panetta |first1=Oma|title=Republican Jason Miyares defeats two-term Democrat Mark Herring for Virginia attorney general|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/virginia-attorney-general-election-mark-herring-jason-miyares-live-results-2021-11|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=Business Insider}}</ref> Two years later, new legislative maps drawn by [[special master]]s appointed by [[Supreme Court of Virginia|the state supreme court]] led to nine retirements in the state senate and to twenty-five House delegates not seeking re-election. In [[2023 Virginia elections|those elections]], Democrats claimed a slim majority of one seat in both the Senate and the House.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.virginiamercury.com/2023/11/13/virginia-voters-gave-democrats-control-of-the-legislature-what-will-it-mean-for-policy/ |title= Virginia voters gave Democrats control of the legislature. What will it mean for policy? |website= Virginia Mercury |first= Graham |last= Moomaw |date= November 13, 2023 |access-date= November 16, 2023}}</ref> | In 2021, [[Glenn Youngkin]] became the first Republican to [[2021 Virginia gubernatorial election|win the governor's race]] since 2009,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Republican Youngkin wins Virginia governor's race in blow to Democrats, NBC News projects|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/polls-close-soon-virginia-s-closely-watched-gubernatorial-election-n1283066|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=NBC News|date=November 3, 2021}}</ref> with his party also winning the races for [[2021 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election|lieutenant governor]] and [[2021 Virginia Attorney General election|attorney general]] and gaining [[2021 Virginia House of Delegates election|seven seats in the House of Delegates]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Republican Winsome Sears projected to win lieutenant governor's race|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/virginia-lieutenant-governor/2021/11/02/27f9ed8c-36b3-11ec-91dc-551d44733e2d_story.html|access-date=November 3, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Seddiq|first2=Grace |last2=Panetta |first1=Oma|title=Republican Jason Miyares defeats two-term Democrat Mark Herring for Virginia attorney general|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/virginia-attorney-general-election-mark-herring-jason-miyares-live-results-2021-11|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=Business Insider}}</ref> Two years later, new legislative maps drawn by [[special master]]s appointed by [[Supreme Court of Virginia|the state supreme court]] led to nine retirements in the state senate and to twenty-five House delegates not seeking re-election. In [[2023 Virginia elections|those elections]], Democrats claimed a slim majority of one seat in both the Senate and the House.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.virginiamercury.com/2023/11/13/virginia-voters-gave-democrats-control-of-the-legislature-what-will-it-mean-for-policy/ |title= Virginia voters gave Democrats control of the legislature. What will it mean for policy? |website= Virginia Mercury |first= Graham |last= Moomaw |date= November 13, 2023 |access-date= November 16, 2023}}</ref> | ||