CargoAdmin, Bureaucrats, Moderators (CommentStreams), fileuploaders, Interface administrators, newuser, Push subscription managers, Suppressors, Administrators
14,662
edits
Michigan: Difference between revisions
m
Text replacement - "September 11 attacks" to "September 11 attacks"
m (1 revision imported) |
m (Text replacement - "September 11 attacks" to "September 11 attacks") |
||
| Line 474: | Line 474: | ||
Products and services include automobiles, food products, information technology, aerospace, military equipment, furniture, and mining of copper and iron ore.{{quantify|date=March 2020}}<!-- What % of the GDP and/or employment are each? --> Michigan is the third-largest grower of [[Christmas tree]]s with {{convert|60520|acre|km2|0}} of land dedicated to Christmas tree farming in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/us/st99_2_035_036.pdf |title = 2002 Census of Agriculture – State Data |page = 511 |publisher = USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217015711/http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/us/st99_2_035_036.pdf |archive-date = December 17, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm#findings |title = National Christmas Tree Association: Industry Statistics |publisher = National Christmas Tree Association |access-date = July 25, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100616024429/http://christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm |archive-date = June 16, 2010}}</ref> The beverage [[Vernors Ginger Ale]] was invented in Michigan in 1866, sharing the title of oldest soft drink with [[Hires Root Beer]]. [[Faygo]] was founded in Detroit on November 4, 1907. Two of the top four pizza chains were founded in Michigan and are headquartered there: [[Domino's Pizza]] by [[Tom Monaghan]] and [[Little Caesars]] Pizza by [[Mike Ilitch]]. Michigan became the 24th [[Right-to-work law|right-to-work]] state in the U.S. in 2012, however, in 2023 this law was repealed.<ref>{{Cite web |last1 = Mikula |first1 = Christopher R. |last2 = Stuart |first2 = Eric C. |date = March 27, 2023 |title = Michigan Governor Signs Legislation Repealing Right-to-Work Law |url = https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/michigan-law-right-to-work.aspx |publisher = Society for Human Resource Management |access-date = May 31, 2023 |archive-date = May 31, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230531153425/https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/michigan-law-right-to-work.aspx |url-status = dead }}</ref> | Products and services include automobiles, food products, information technology, aerospace, military equipment, furniture, and mining of copper and iron ore.{{quantify|date=March 2020}}<!-- What % of the GDP and/or employment are each? --> Michigan is the third-largest grower of [[Christmas tree]]s with {{convert|60520|acre|km2|0}} of land dedicated to Christmas tree farming in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/us/st99_2_035_036.pdf |title = 2002 Census of Agriculture – State Data |page = 511 |publisher = USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217015711/http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/us/st99_2_035_036.pdf |archive-date = December 17, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm#findings |title = National Christmas Tree Association: Industry Statistics |publisher = National Christmas Tree Association |access-date = July 25, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100616024429/http://christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm |archive-date = June 16, 2010}}</ref> The beverage [[Vernors Ginger Ale]] was invented in Michigan in 1866, sharing the title of oldest soft drink with [[Hires Root Beer]]. [[Faygo]] was founded in Detroit on November 4, 1907. Two of the top four pizza chains were founded in Michigan and are headquartered there: [[Domino's Pizza]] by [[Tom Monaghan]] and [[Little Caesars]] Pizza by [[Mike Ilitch]]. Michigan became the 24th [[Right-to-work law|right-to-work]] state in the U.S. in 2012, however, in 2023 this law was repealed.<ref>{{Cite web |last1 = Mikula |first1 = Christopher R. |last2 = Stuart |first2 = Eric C. |date = March 27, 2023 |title = Michigan Governor Signs Legislation Repealing Right-to-Work Law |url = https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/michigan-law-right-to-work.aspx |publisher = Society for Human Resource Management |access-date = May 31, 2023 |archive-date = May 31, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230531153425/https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/michigan-law-right-to-work.aspx |url-status = dead }}</ref> | ||
Since 2009, GM, Ford and Chrysler have managed a significant reorganization of their benefit funds structure after a volatile stock market which followed the | Since 2009, GM, Ford and Chrysler have managed a significant reorganization of their benefit funds structure after a volatile stock market which followed the September 11 attacks and [[early 2000s recession]] impacted their respective U.S. pension and benefit funds ([[OPEB]]).<ref>{{cite news |last = Sloan |first = Allan |date = April 10, 2007 |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/09/AR2007040901262.html |title = GM's High-Performance Pension Machine |newspaper = [[The Washington Post]] |page = D02 |access-date = September 5, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170525103845/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/09/AR2007040901262.html |archive-date = May 25, 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref> General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler reached agreements with the United Auto Workers Union to transfer the liabilities for their respective health care and benefit funds to a 501(c)(9) [[Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association]] (VEBA). Manufacturing in the state grew 6.6% from 2001 to 2006,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |publisher = National Association of Manufacturers |date = February 2008 |url = http://www.nam.org/~/media/Files/State_Data/Michigan.ashx |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081023020928/http://www.nam.org/~/media/Files/State_Data/Michigan.ashx |url-status = dead |archive-date = October 23, 2008 |title = Facts about Michigan Manufacturing |access-date = June 17, 2009}}</ref> but the high speculative price of oil became a factor for the U.S. auto industry during the [[Late-2000s recession|economic crisis of 2008]] impacting industry revenues. In 2009, GM and Chrysler emerged from [[Chapter 11]] restructurings with financing provided in part by the U.S. and Canadian governments.<ref name="Garrett">{{cite news |last = Garrett |first = Major |date = March 31, 2009 |url = https://www.foxnews.com/politics/white-house-plots-gm-bankruptcy-unsure-when-taxpayers-will-recoup-50-billion-investment/ |title = White House Plots GM Bankruptcy, Unsure When Taxpayers Will Recoup $50 Billion Investment |publisher = Fox News |access-date = June 23, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090608134754/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/05/31/white-house-plots-gm-bankruptcy-unsure-taxpayers-recoup-billion-investment/ |archive-date = June 8, 2009 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Stoll">{{cite news |last1 = Stoll |first1 = John D. |first2 = Neil Jr. |last2 = King |date = July 10, 2009 |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124722154897622577 |title = GM Emerges From Bankruptcy |work = The Wall Street Journal |access-date = July 10, 2009 |name-list-style = amp |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150123211849/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124722154897622577 |archive-date = January 23, 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> GM began its [[initial public offering]] (IPO) of stock in 2010.<ref name="IPO">{{cite news |last1 = Stoll |first1 = John D. |first2 = David |last2 = McLaughlin |date = July 2, 2009 |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124646098696280443 |title = General Motors Aims for IPO Next Year |work = The Wall Street Journal |access-date = July 10, 2009 |name-list-style = amp |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150123211343/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124646098696280443 |archive-date = January 23, 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> For 2010, the Big Three domestic automakers have reported significant profits indicating the beginning of rebound.<ref>{{cite news |last = Shoenberger |first = Robert |date = May 25, 2010 |url = http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/05/rebounding_auto_industry_boost.html |title = Rebounding auto industry boosts Shiloh Industries' second-quarter sales, profit |work = Cleveland Plain Dealer |access-date = September 18, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100911204857/http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/05/rebounding_auto_industry_boost.html |archive-date = September 11, 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Schroeder">{{cite news |last = Schroeder |first = Robert |date = July 30, 2010 |url = http://www.marketwatch.com/story/obama-says-us-auto-industry-on-rebound-2010-07-30 |title = Obama says U.S. auto industry on rebound |work = The Wall Street Journal |access-date = September 9, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100802055246/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/obama-says-us-auto-industry-on-rebound-2010-07-30 |archive-date = August 2, 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = https://money.cnn.com/2010/08/12/news/companies/gm_results/index.htm |title = GM posts profit, CEO Whitacre to retire |work = CNN Money |publisher = CNN |access-date = September 18, 2010 |first = Chris |last = Isidore |date = August 12, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100914094523/http://money.cnn.com/2010/08/12/news/companies/gm_results/index.htm |archive-date = September 14, 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Cwiek">{{cite news |last = Cwiek |first = Sarah |date = November 30, 2010 |url = http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/michigan/news.newsmain/article/0/0/1731658/Michigan.Morning.Edition/New.study.shows.strong.economic.recovery.in.Metro.Detroit |title = New study shows strong economic recovery in Metro Detroit |publisher = NPR Michigan |access-date = December 4, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511073749/http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/michigan/news.newsmain/article/0/0/1731658/Michigan.Morning.Edition/New.study.shows.strong.economic.recovery.in.Metro.Detroit |archive-date = May 11, 2011 |url-status = dead}}</ref> | ||
{{As of|2002}}, Michigan ranked fourth in the U.S. in high-tech employment with 568,000 high-tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.<ref name="MEDCHiTech">{{cite web |date = November 16, 2002 |first = Jennifer |last = Kopp-Owens |publisher = Michigan Economic Development Corporation |url = http://www.michiganadvantage.org/Press-Releases/Michigan-The-High-Technology-Automotive-State/ |title = Michigan: The High-Technology Automotive State |access-date = February 21, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130110202105/http://www.michiganadvantage.org/Press-Releases/Michigan-The-High-Technology-Automotive-State/ |archive-date = January 10, 2013 |url-status = dead}}</ref> Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall [[research and development]] (R&D) expenditures in the United States.<ref name="MEDC1">{{cite web |publisher = Michigan Economic Development Corporation |year = 2009 |url = http://michiganadvantage.org/MIAdvantage/Getting-the-UpperHand/Default.aspx |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090321164030/http://michiganadvantage.org/MIAdvantage/Getting-the-UpperHand/Default.aspx |archive-date = March 21, 2009 |title = Michigan Advantage |access-date = June 23, 2009}}</ref><ref name="NSF">{{cite web |last = Bennof |first = Richard J. |publisher = National Science Foundation |id = 01-320 |date = March 23, 2001 |url = https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/databrf/nsf01320/sdb01320.htm |title = R&D Spending is Highly Concentrated in a Small Number of States |access-date = April 6, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171013213616/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/databrf/nsf01320/sdb01320.htm |archive-date = October 13, 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref> Its research and development, which includes automotive, comprises a higher percentage of the state's overall gross domestic product than for any other U.S. state.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.agiweb.org/gap/cvd/CVD04Michigan.pdf |title = Federal Scientific R&D in Michigan |access-date = November 5, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724225809/http://www.agiweb.org/gap/cvd/CVD04Michigan.pdf |archive-date = July 24, 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref> The state is an important source of engineering job opportunities. The domestic auto industry accounts directly and indirectly for one of every ten jobs in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |publisher = Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (2006) |url = http://www.autoalliance.org/economic/ |title = From the 2003 Study "Contributions of the Automotive Industry to the U.S. Economy" University of Michigan and the Center for Automotive Research |access-date = January 3, 2009 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040402045414/http://www.autoalliance.org/economic/ |archive-date = April 2, 2004}}</ref> | {{As of|2002}}, Michigan ranked fourth in the U.S. in high-tech employment with 568,000 high-tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.<ref name="MEDCHiTech">{{cite web |date = November 16, 2002 |first = Jennifer |last = Kopp-Owens |publisher = Michigan Economic Development Corporation |url = http://www.michiganadvantage.org/Press-Releases/Michigan-The-High-Technology-Automotive-State/ |title = Michigan: The High-Technology Automotive State |access-date = February 21, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130110202105/http://www.michiganadvantage.org/Press-Releases/Michigan-The-High-Technology-Automotive-State/ |archive-date = January 10, 2013 |url-status = dead}}</ref> Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall [[research and development]] (R&D) expenditures in the United States.<ref name="MEDC1">{{cite web |publisher = Michigan Economic Development Corporation |year = 2009 |url = http://michiganadvantage.org/MIAdvantage/Getting-the-UpperHand/Default.aspx |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090321164030/http://michiganadvantage.org/MIAdvantage/Getting-the-UpperHand/Default.aspx |archive-date = March 21, 2009 |title = Michigan Advantage |access-date = June 23, 2009}}</ref><ref name="NSF">{{cite web |last = Bennof |first = Richard J. |publisher = National Science Foundation |id = 01-320 |date = March 23, 2001 |url = https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/databrf/nsf01320/sdb01320.htm |title = R&D Spending is Highly Concentrated in a Small Number of States |access-date = April 6, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171013213616/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/databrf/nsf01320/sdb01320.htm |archive-date = October 13, 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref> Its research and development, which includes automotive, comprises a higher percentage of the state's overall gross domestic product than for any other U.S. state.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.agiweb.org/gap/cvd/CVD04Michigan.pdf |title = Federal Scientific R&D in Michigan |access-date = November 5, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724225809/http://www.agiweb.org/gap/cvd/CVD04Michigan.pdf |archive-date = July 24, 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref> The state is an important source of engineering job opportunities. The domestic auto industry accounts directly and indirectly for one of every ten jobs in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |publisher = Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (2006) |url = http://www.autoalliance.org/economic/ |title = From the 2003 Study "Contributions of the Automotive Industry to the U.S. Economy" University of Michigan and the Center for Automotive Research |access-date = January 3, 2009 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040402045414/http://www.autoalliance.org/economic/ |archive-date = April 2, 2004}}</ref> | ||