Defense Intelligence Agency: Difference between revisions

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 DIA is a national-level intelligence organization which does not belong to a single military element or within the traditional [[chain of command]], instead answering to the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] directly through the [[Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence]]. Three-quarters of the agency's 17,000 employees are career civilians who are experts in various fields of defense and military interest or application;<ref name="diaalumni.org">[http://www.diaalumni.org/images/DIAA_Log_Nov_2009.pdf Defense Intel Alumni Association Log]. November 2009, page 5.</ref><ref>Knight, Judson. "Defense Intelligence Agency" ''Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security'', [[Cengage Learning]] (Gale publishing), 2003</ref> and although no military background is required, 48% of agency employees have some past military service.<ref>Defense Intelligence Agency [https://www.facebook.com/DIA/photos/pb.59555160918.-2207520000.1458771782./10153119205965919/?type=3&theater Official Facebook Page], Retrieved: March 24, 2016</ref> DIA has a tradition of marking [[Classified information|unclassified]] deaths of its employees on the organization's [[DIA Memorial Wall|Memorial Wall]].
-Established in 1961 under President [[John F. Kennedy]] by Defense Secretary [[Robert McNamara]], DIA was involved in U.S. intelligence efforts throughout the [[Cold War]] and rapidly expanded, both in size and scope, after the [[September 11 attacks]]. Because of the sensitive nature of its work, the spy organization has been embroiled in numerous controversies, including those related to its intelligence-gathering activities, to its role in [[Enhanced interrogation techniques|torture]], as well as to attempts to expand its activities on U.S. soil.{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}}
+Established in 1961 under President [[John F. Kennedy]] by Defense Secretary [[Robert McNamara]], DIA was involved in U.S. intelligence efforts throughout the [[Cold War]] and rapidly expanded, both in size and scope, after the September 11 attacks. Because of the sensitive nature of its work, the spy organization has been embroiled in numerous controversies, including those related to its intelligence-gathering activities, to its role in [[Enhanced interrogation techniques|torture]], as well as to attempts to expand its activities on U.S. soil.{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}}
 == Overview ==
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 The [[National Center for Medical Intelligence|Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center]] (AFMIC), and the [[Missile and Space Intelligence Center]] (MSIC), associated with the Army for over 20 and 50 years respectively, became part of DIA in January 1992. This was part of the continuing effort to consolidate intelligence production and make it more efficient.<ref name="DIA History" />
-On September 11, 2001, seven DIA employees lost their lives<ref name="DIA">{{cite web|url=http://www.dia.mil/About/PatriotsMemorial.aspx |title=Patriots Memorial |publisher=Defense Intelligence Agency|website=dia.mil}}</ref> along with 118 other victims at the Pentagon in a [[terrorist attack]] when [[American Airlines Flight 77]] piloted by five [[Al-Qaeda]] [[aircraft hijacking|hijackers]] plowed into the western side of the building, as part of the [[September 11 attacks]]. The death of seven employees at once was the largest combined loss in DIA's history. On September 11, 2009, DIA dedicated a memorial to the seven employees lost in the terrorist attacks on the Pentagon. The memorial is located in the garden at the Defense Intelligence Agency Analysis Center in Washington, D.C.<ref name="DIA" />
+On September 11, 2001, seven DIA employees lost their lives<ref name="DIA">{{cite web|url=http://www.dia.mil/About/PatriotsMemorial.aspx |title=Patriots Memorial |publisher=Defense Intelligence Agency|website=dia.mil}}</ref> along with 118 other victims at the Pentagon in a [[terrorist attack]] when [[American Airlines Flight 77]] piloted by five [[Al-Qaeda]] [[aircraft hijacking|hijackers]] plowed into the western side of the building, as part of the September 11 attacks. The death of seven employees at once was the largest combined loss in DIA's history. On September 11, 2009, DIA dedicated a memorial to the seven employees lost in the terrorist attacks on the Pentagon. The memorial is located in the garden at the Defense Intelligence Agency Analysis Center in Washington, D.C.<ref name="DIA" />
 [[File:DIA Clandestine Service poster.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Defense Clandestine Service]] recruitment poster]]
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 === 9/11 and Able Danger ===
-[[Anthony Shaffer (intelligence officer)|Anthony Shaffer]], a former DIA officer, has claimed that DIA was aware of and failed to adequately act against one of the organizers of the [[September 11 attacks]] prior to the event, in what became known as the [[Able Danger]] controversy. Shaffer's claims were rejected and later his security clearance was revoked, with the Pentagon denying any wrongdoing. Later Shaffer published his book ''[[Operation Dark Heart]]'' but, upon complaints from DIA and NSA that it included national security information, the Defense Department went as far as to buy and destroy the initial 10,000 copies of the book, causing the [[Streisand effect]].<ref name="Shane2010-09-10">{{cite news|title=Pentagon Plan: Buying Books to Keep Secrets |first=Scott |last=Shane |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/10/us/10books.html?_r=2& |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A16 |issn=0362-4331 |date=September 10, 2010 |access-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211211508/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/10/us/10books.html?_r=2 |archive-date=February 11, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref>
+[[Anthony Shaffer (intelligence officer)|Anthony Shaffer]], a former DIA officer, has claimed that DIA was aware of and failed to adequately act against one of the organizers of the September 11 attacks prior to the event, in what became known as the [[Able Danger]] controversy. Shaffer's claims were rejected and later his security clearance was revoked, with the Pentagon denying any wrongdoing. Later Shaffer published his book ''[[Operation Dark Heart]]'' but, upon complaints from DIA and NSA that it included national security information, the Defense Department went as far as to buy and destroy the initial 10,000 copies of the book, causing the [[Streisand effect]].<ref name="Shane2010-09-10">{{cite news|title=Pentagon Plan: Buying Books to Keep Secrets |first=Scott |last=Shane |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/10/us/10books.html?_r=2& |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A16 |issn=0362-4331 |date=September 10, 2010 |access-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211211508/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/10/us/10books.html?_r=2 |archive-date=February 11, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref>
 === German Neo-Nazi murders ===
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 ;Book
-* [[Operation Dark Heart]] is the book details [[Anthony Shaffer (intelligence officer)|Anthony Shaffer]]'s as a civilian DIA officer in Afghanistan in 2003. Contains allegations that [[Able Danger]] program identified hijacker [[Mohamed Atta]] before the [[September 11 attacks]].
+* [[Operation Dark Heart]] is the book details [[Anthony Shaffer (intelligence officer)|Anthony Shaffer]]'s as a civilian DIA officer in Afghanistan in 2003. Contains allegations that [[Able Danger]] program identified hijacker [[Mohamed Atta]] before the September 11 attacks.
 * * [[Bob Drogin]] (Author); "[[Curveball (informant)|Curveball]]: Spies, Lies, and the Con Man Who Caused a War", 2007. Random House. A number of other accounts of the incredible ineptitude of [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s Directorate of Intelligence, DIA, [[MI6]], [[Federal Intelligence Service|BND]], [[Directorate of Operations (CIA)|National Clandestine Service (NCS)]], Defense [[HUMINT]] Service ([[Defense Clandestine Service|DHS]]).