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{{Short description|U.S. forecasting agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}{{Redirect|Weather Bureau||Meteorological Administration (disambiguation){{!}}Meteorological Administration}}{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}{{Infobox government agency
{{Short description|U.S. forecasting agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}
{{Organization
|OrganizationName= National Weather Service
|OrganizationType= Independent Agencies (Sub-organization)
|Mission= The NWS provides weather, water, and climate data, forecasts and warnings for the protection of life and property, and enhancement of the national economy, ensuring public safety and supporting various sectors through timely and accurate information.
|OrganizationExecutive= Director
|Employees= 4500
|Budget= $1.1 billion (Fiscal Year 2023)
|Website= https://www.weather.gov
|Services= Weather Forecasts; Warnings and Advisories; Hydrologic Services; Climate Services; Aviation Weather
|ParentOrganization= National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce
|CreationLegislation= Organic Act of 1890 (U.S. Weather Bureau); reorganized into NOAA in 1970
|Regulations=
|HeadquartersLocation= 38.994000, -77.028691
|HeadquartersAddress= 1325 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910
}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = National Weather Service
| agency_name = National Weather Service
| seal =  
| seal =  
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| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.gov/timeline|title=History of the National Weather Service|website=National Weather Service|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Federal Records: Records of the Weather Bureau|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/027.html |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|access-date=May 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.gov/about|title=About NOAA's National Weather Service}}</ref>
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.gov/timeline|title=History of the National Weather Service|website=National Weather Service|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Federal Records: Records of the Weather Bureau|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/027.html |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|access-date=May 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.gov/about|title=About NOAA's National Weather Service}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-27|title=Final FY21 Appropriations: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|url=https://www.aip.org/fyi/2021/final-fy21-appropriations-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration|access-date=2021-03-02|website=aip.org|language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-27|title=Final FY21 Appropriations: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|url=https://www.aip.org/fyi/2021/final-fy21-appropriations-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration|access-date=2021-03-02|website=aip.org|language=en}}</ref>
}}The '''National Weather Service''' ('''NWS''') is an [[Government agency|agency]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|United States federal government]] that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information. It is a part of the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) branch of the [[United States Department of Commerce|Department of Commerce]], and is headquartered in [[Silver Spring, Maryland]], within the [[Washington metropolitan area]].<ref name="census1">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US2472450&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on|title=Silver Spring CDP, Maryland|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607190628/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US2472450&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on|archive-date=June 7, 2011|access-date=August 2, 2009}}</ref><ref name="NWSsite">{{cite web|title=NOAA's National Weather Service|url=http://www.nws.noaa.gov/|publisher=National Weather Service|access-date=August 2, 2009}}</ref> The agency was known as the '''United States Weather Bureau''' from 1890 until it adopted its current name in 1970.<ref name="Nass1">{{cite book|title=Large-scale Biomedical Science: Exploring Strategies for Future Research|publisher=[[National Academies Press]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0-309-08912-8|editor-last=Nass|editor-first=Sharyl J.|page=224|doi=10.17226/10718|lccn=2003009162|editor-last2=Stillman|editor-first2=Bruce}}</ref>
}}
The '''National Weather Service''' ('''NWS''') is an [[Government agency|agency]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|United States federal government]] that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information. It is a part of the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) branch of the [[United States Department of Commerce|Department of Commerce]], and is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, within the Washington metropolitan area.<ref name="census1">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US2472450&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on|title=Silver Spring CDP, Maryland|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607190628/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US2472450&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on|archive-date=June 7, 2011|access-date=August 2, 2009}}</ref><ref name="NWSsite">{{cite web|title=NOAA's National Weather Service|url=http://www.nws.noaa.gov/|publisher=National Weather Service|access-date=August 2, 2009}}</ref> The agency was known as the '''United States Weather Bureau''' from 1890 until it adopted its current name in 1970.<ref name="Nass1">{{cite book|title=Large-scale Biomedical Science: Exploring Strategies for Future Research|publisher=[[National Academies Press]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0-309-08912-8|editor-last=Nass|editor-first=Sharyl J.|page=224|doi=10.17226/10718|lccn=2003009162|editor-last2=Stillman|editor-first2=Bruce}}</ref>


The NWS performs its primary task through a collection of national and regional centers, and 122 local [[List of National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices|Weather Forecast Offices]] (WFOs). As the NWS is an agency of the U.S. federal government, most of its products are in the [[Copyright status of work by the U.S. government|public domain]] and available free of charge.
The NWS performs its primary task through a collection of national and regional centers, and 122 local [[List of National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices|Weather Forecast Offices]] (WFOs). As the NWS is an agency of the U.S. federal government, most of its products are in the [[Copyright status of work by the U.S. government|public domain]] and available free of charge.
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In 2016, the NWS significantly increased the computational power of its supercomputers, spending $44&nbsp;million on two new supercomputers from [[Cray]] and [[IBM]]. This was driven by relatively lower accuracy of NWS' [[Global Forecast System]] (GFS) [[numerical weather prediction]] model, compared to other global weather models.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Berger|first1=Eric|title=The US weather model is now the fourth best in the world|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/06/the-us-weather-model-is-now-the-fourth-best-in-the-world/ |website=Ars Technica|date=June 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Berger|first1=Eric|title=The European forecast model already kicking America's butt just improved|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/03/the-european-forecast-model-already-kicking-americas-butt-just-improved/ |access-date=August 16, 2016|website=Ars Technica|date=March 11, 2016}}</ref> This was most notable in the GFS model incorrectly predicting [[Hurricane Sandy]] turning out to sea until four days before landfall; while the [[European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts]]' model predicted landfall correctly at seven days. The new supercomputers increased computational processing power from 776 tera[[flops]] to 5.78 petaflops.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kravets|first1=David|title=National Weather Service will boost its supercomputing capacity tenfold|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/01/national-weather-service-will-boost-its-supercomputing-capacity-tenfold/ |access-date=August 16, 2016|website=Ars Technica|date=January 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rice|first1=Doyle|title=Supercomputer quietly puts U.S. weather resources back on top|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2016/02/22/supercomputer-reston-noaa-cray-ibm/80290546/ |access-date=August 16, 2016|newspaper=USA Today|date=February 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NOAA completes weather and climate supercomputer upgrades|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2016/011116-noaa-completes-weather-and-climate-supercomputer-upgrades.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114181743/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2016/011116-noaa-completes-weather-and-climate-supercomputer-upgrades.html|archive-date=January 14, 2016|access-date=August 16, 2016|website=NOAA}}</ref>
In 2016, the NWS significantly increased the computational power of its supercomputers, spending $44&nbsp;million on two new supercomputers from [[Cray]] and [[IBM]]. This was driven by relatively lower accuracy of NWS' [[Global Forecast System]] (GFS) [[numerical weather prediction]] model, compared to other global weather models.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Berger|first1=Eric|title=The US weather model is now the fourth best in the world|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/06/the-us-weather-model-is-now-the-fourth-best-in-the-world/ |website=Ars Technica|date=June 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Berger|first1=Eric|title=The European forecast model already kicking America's butt just improved|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/03/the-european-forecast-model-already-kicking-americas-butt-just-improved/ |access-date=August 16, 2016|website=Ars Technica|date=March 11, 2016}}</ref> This was most notable in the GFS model incorrectly predicting [[Hurricane Sandy]] turning out to sea until four days before landfall; while the [[European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts]]' model predicted landfall correctly at seven days. The new supercomputers increased computational processing power from 776 tera[[flops]] to 5.78 petaflops.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kravets|first1=David|title=National Weather Service will boost its supercomputing capacity tenfold|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/01/national-weather-service-will-boost-its-supercomputing-capacity-tenfold/ |access-date=August 16, 2016|website=Ars Technica|date=January 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rice|first1=Doyle|title=Supercomputer quietly puts U.S. weather resources back on top|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2016/02/22/supercomputer-reston-noaa-cray-ibm/80290546/ |access-date=August 16, 2016|newspaper=USA Today|date=February 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NOAA completes weather and climate supercomputer upgrades|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2016/011116-noaa-completes-weather-and-climate-supercomputer-upgrades.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114181743/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2016/011116-noaa-completes-weather-and-climate-supercomputer-upgrades.html|archive-date=January 14, 2016|access-date=August 16, 2016|website=NOAA}}</ref>
==Organization==
==Organization==
[[File:Galveston County Office of Emergency Management & Houston-Galveston National Weather Service Building.jpg|thumb|250px|Specially designed hurricane-proof building constructed to house joint offices of the [[Houston]]-[[Galveston]] National Weather Service Forecast Office and the [[Galveston County, Texas|Galveston County Emergency Management Office]].<ref name="chronCDA">{{cite news|title=Emergency center now ready to weather storm / The high-tech facility is built higher, stronger|url=http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Emergency-center-now-ready-to-weather-storm-1928424.php|author=Kevin Moran|newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]]|publisher=[[Hearst Corporation]]|date=May 23, 2005|access-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref>]]As of 2016, the National Weather Service was organized as follows<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nws.noaa.gov/organization.php |title=Organization - NOAA's National Weather Service |publisher=Nws.noaa.gov |date=September 19, 2016 |access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Galveston County Office of Emergency Management & Houston-Galveston National Weather Service Building.jpg|thumb|250px|Specially designed hurricane-proof building constructed to house joint offices of the Houston-[[Galveston]] National Weather Service Forecast Office and the [[Galveston County, Texas|Galveston County Emergency Management Office]].<ref name="chronCDA">{{cite news|title=Emergency center now ready to weather storm / The high-tech facility is built higher, stronger|url=http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Emergency-center-now-ready-to-weather-storm-1928424.php|author=Kevin Moran|newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]]|publisher=[[Hearst Corporation]]|date=May 23, 2005|access-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref>]]As of 2016, the National Weather Service was organized as follows<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nws.noaa.gov/organization.php |title=Organization - NOAA's National Weather Service |publisher=Nws.noaa.gov |date=September 19, 2016 |access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref>
*Chief Information Officer
*Chief Information Officer
*[[National Centers for Environmental Prediction]] (NCEP)
*[[National Centers for Environmental Prediction]] (NCEP)
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