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National Labor Relations Board: Difference between revisions
National Labor Relations Board (view source)
Revision as of 13:50, 31 January 2025
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A major turning point in the history of the NLRB came in 1947 with passage of the [[Taft–Hartley Act]]. Disruptions caused by strikes during World War II as well as the huge wave of strikes that followed the end of the war fueled a growing movement in 1946 and 1947 to amend the NLRA to correct what critics saw as a pro-labor tilt in federal law.<ref>Stark, Louis. "Save Bargaining, Keep Peace In Industry, Says NLRB Head." ''New York Times.'' March 7, 1947.</ref>{{sfn|Gross|1981|pp=251–52}} Drafted by the powerful Republican Senator [[Robert A. Taft]] and the strongly anti-union Representative [[Fred A. Hartley Jr.]], the Taft–Hartley Act banned jurisdictional strikes, [[Wildcat strike action|wildcat strikes]], political strikes, [[Secondary action|secondary boycotts]], secondary picketing, mass picketing, union campaign donations made from dues money, the [[closed shop]], and unions of supervisors. The act also enumerated new employer rights, defined union-committed ULPs, gave states the right to opt out of federal labor law through [[right-to-work law]]s, required unions to give an 80-days' strike notice in all cases, established procedures for the president to end a strike in a national emergency, and required all union officials to sign an anti-Communist oath. Organizationally, the act made the general counsel a presidential appointee, independent of the board itself, and gave the general counsel limited powers to seek injunctions without referring to the Justice Department. It also banned the NLRB from engaging in any mediation or conciliation, and formally enshrined in law the ban on hiring personnel to do economic data collection or analysis.{{sfn|Gross|1981|p=264}} | A major turning point in the history of the NLRB came in 1947 with passage of the [[Taft–Hartley Act]]. Disruptions caused by strikes during World War II as well as the huge wave of strikes that followed the end of the war fueled a growing movement in 1946 and 1947 to amend the NLRA to correct what critics saw as a pro-labor tilt in federal law.<ref>Stark, Louis. "Save Bargaining, Keep Peace In Industry, Says NLRB Head." ''New York Times.'' March 7, 1947.</ref>{{sfn|Gross|1981|pp=251–52}} Drafted by the powerful Republican Senator [[Robert A. Taft]] and the strongly anti-union Representative [[Fred A. Hartley Jr.]], the Taft–Hartley Act banned jurisdictional strikes, [[Wildcat strike action|wildcat strikes]], political strikes, [[Secondary action|secondary boycotts]], secondary picketing, mass picketing, union campaign donations made from dues money, the [[closed shop]], and unions of supervisors. The act also enumerated new employer rights, defined union-committed ULPs, gave states the right to opt out of federal labor law through [[right-to-work law]]s, required unions to give an 80-days' strike notice in all cases, established procedures for the president to end a strike in a national emergency, and required all union officials to sign an anti-Communist oath. Organizationally, the act made the general counsel a presidential appointee, independent of the board itself, and gave the general counsel limited powers to seek injunctions without referring to the Justice Department. It also banned the NLRB from engaging in any mediation or conciliation, and formally enshrined in law the ban on hiring personnel to do economic data collection or analysis.{{sfn|Gross|1981|p=264}} | ||
In August 1947, [[Robert N. Denham]] became the NLRB's [[general counsel]]. He held "conservative views" and wielded "considerable influence" on labor-management relations and interpretations of the newly passed Taft–Hartley Act. In 1950, US President | In August 1947, [[Robert N. Denham]] became the NLRB's [[general counsel]]. He held "conservative views" and wielded "considerable influence" on labor-management relations and interpretations of the newly passed Taft–Hartley Act. In 1950, US President Harry S. Truman fired Denham (''New York Times'': "left at the behest of the President").<ref name=DenhamPapers>{{cite web | ||
| title = Denham, Robert N. (1885-1954), Papers, 1919-1954 | | title = Denham, Robert N. (1885-1954), Papers, 1919-1954 | ||
| publisher = State Historical Society of Missouri | | publisher = State Historical Society of Missouri | ||