National Transportation Safety Board: Difference between revisions
m (1 revision imported) |
m (Text replacement - "USA Today" to "USA Today") |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Organization | |||
|OrganizationName=National Transportation Safety Board | |||
|OrganizationType=Independent Agencies | |||
|Mission=The National Transportation Safety Board investigates transportation accidents to determine probable causes, issues safety recommendations aimed at preventing future accidents, and promotes transportation safety across all modes of transportation including aviation, highway, marine, rail, and pipeline. | |||
|CreationLegislation=Department of Transportation Act of 1966 | |||
|Employees=400 | |||
|Budget=$121 million (Fiscal Year 2023) | |||
|OrganizationExecutive=Chairperson | |||
|Services=Accident investigation; Safety recommendations; Advocacy for transportation safety; Public education | |||
|HeadquartersLocation=38.88375, -77.02441 | |||
|HeadquartersAddress=490 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, DC 20594, USA | |||
|Website=https://www.ntsb.gov | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|US government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents}} | {{Short description|US government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents}} | ||
{{Infobox government agency | {{Infobox government agency | ||
| agency_name = National Transportation Safety Board | | agency_name = National Transportation Safety Board | ||
| Line 25: | Line 37: | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''National Transportation Safety Board''' ('''NTSB''') is an [[Independent agencies of the United States government|independent U.S. government investigative agency]] responsible for civil transportation [[accident investigation]]. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on [[aviation accidents and incidents]], certain types of [[car accident|highway crashes]], [[ship transport|ship and marine accidents]], [[pipeline transport|pipeline incidents]], [[list of bridge failures|bridge failures]], and [[railroad accident]]s.<ref name="49 USC 1131">{{usc|49|1131}}</ref> The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of [[hazardous materials]] releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in [[Washington, D.C.]] It has four regional offices, located in [[Anchorage, Alaska]]; [[Denver, Colorado]]; [[Ashburn, Virginia]]; and [[Seattle, Washington]] | The '''National Transportation Safety Board''' ('''NTSB''') is an [[Independent agencies of the United States government|independent U.S. government investigative agency]] responsible for civil transportation [[accident investigation]]. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on [[aviation accidents and incidents]], certain types of [[car accident|highway crashes]], [[ship transport|ship and marine accidents]], [[pipeline transport|pipeline incidents]], [[list of bridge failures|bridge failures]], and [[railroad accident]]s.<ref name="49 USC 1131">{{usc|49|1131}}</ref> The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of [[hazardous materials]] releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in [[Washington, D.C.]] | ||
It has four regional offices, located in | |||
* [[Anchorage, Alaska]]; | |||
* [[Denver, Colorado]]; | |||
* [[Ashburn, Virginia]]; and | |||
* [[Seattle, Washington]]<ref name="Archives Inspection">{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/resources/ntsb-inspection.pdf |title=Records Management Oversight Inspection Report 2014 |author=Office of the Chief Records Officer |publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |date=December 19, 2014 |access-date=December 20, 2015 |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315214421/https://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/resources/ntsb-inspection.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.<ref name="NTSB Training Center">{{cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/training_center/Pages/TrainingCenter.aspx |title=NTSB Training Center |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |access-date=December 20, 2015 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222154152/http://www.ntsb.gov/training_center/Pages/TrainingCenter.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| Line 116: | Line 137: | ||
The NTSB considers the party system crucial to the investigative process, as it provides the NTSB with access to individuals with specialized expertise or knowledge relevant to a particular investigation.<ref name="What is the NTSB" /><ref name="Ferguson Aviation Safety" /> However, the use of the party system is not without controversy. The NTSB invited [[Boeing]] to participate as a party to the investigation of the crash of [[TWA Flight 800]], a [[Boeing 747]], in 1996. While the NTSB relied on Boeing's sharing of expertise, it was later determined that Boeing had withheld a study of military versions of the 747 that investigated flammable vapor combustion in the center fuel tank.<ref name="Salon 1996">{{cite news |url=http://www.salon.com/1999/12/06/ntsb_2/ |title=Crash course in ethics |last=Alvear |first=Michael |work=Salon |date=December 6, 1996 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |archive-date=June 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602000433/http://www.salon.com/1999/12/06/ntsb_2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Boeing had told the NTSB that it had no studies proving or disproving the vapor combustion theory.<ref name="Salon 1996"/> In response to political pressure after the Boeing incident, the NTSB commissioned the nonprofit [[Rand Corporation]] to conduct an independent study of the NTSB's aircraft investigation process.<ref name="Salon 1996" /> | The NTSB considers the party system crucial to the investigative process, as it provides the NTSB with access to individuals with specialized expertise or knowledge relevant to a particular investigation.<ref name="What is the NTSB" /><ref name="Ferguson Aviation Safety" /> However, the use of the party system is not without controversy. The NTSB invited [[Boeing]] to participate as a party to the investigation of the crash of [[TWA Flight 800]], a [[Boeing 747]], in 1996. While the NTSB relied on Boeing's sharing of expertise, it was later determined that Boeing had withheld a study of military versions of the 747 that investigated flammable vapor combustion in the center fuel tank.<ref name="Salon 1996">{{cite news |url=http://www.salon.com/1999/12/06/ntsb_2/ |title=Crash course in ethics |last=Alvear |first=Michael |work=Salon |date=December 6, 1996 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |archive-date=June 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602000433/http://www.salon.com/1999/12/06/ntsb_2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Boeing had told the NTSB that it had no studies proving or disproving the vapor combustion theory.<ref name="Salon 1996"/> In response to political pressure after the Boeing incident, the NTSB commissioned the nonprofit [[Rand Corporation]] to conduct an independent study of the NTSB's aircraft investigation process.<ref name="Salon 1996" /> | ||
In 2000, Rand published its report, which concluded that the party system is "a key component of the NTSB investigative process" and that participant parties "are uniquely able to provide essential information about aircraft design and manufacture, airline operations, or functioning of [the National Airspace System] that simply cannot be obtained elsewhere".<ref name="RAND Report">{{cite web |url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1122.pdf |title=Safety in the Skies: Personnel and Parties in NTSB Aviation Accident Investigations |publisher=[[RAND Corporation]] |date=January 1, 2000 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021120159/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1122.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|31}} However, Rand also found conflicts of interest inherent in the party system, "may, in some instances, threaten the integrity of the NTSB investigative process".<ref name="RAND Report" />{{rp|30}} The Rand study recommended that the NTSB reduce its reliance on party representatives and make greater use of independent investigators, including from [[NASA]], the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]], government research laboratories, and universities.<ref name="RAND Report" />{{rp|31–32}} {{As of|2014|df=US}}, the NTSB has not adopted these recommendations and instead continues to rely on the party system.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/06/12/unfit-for-flight-part-2/10405451/ |title=Unchecked carnage: NTSB probes are skimpy for small-aircraft crashes |newspaper= | In 2000, Rand published its report, which concluded that the party system is "a key component of the NTSB investigative process" and that participant parties "are uniquely able to provide essential information about aircraft design and manufacture, airline operations, or functioning of [the National Airspace System] that simply cannot be obtained elsewhere".<ref name="RAND Report">{{cite web |url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1122.pdf |title=Safety in the Skies: Personnel and Parties in NTSB Aviation Accident Investigations |publisher=[[RAND Corporation]] |date=January 1, 2000 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021120159/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1122.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|31}} However, Rand also found conflicts of interest inherent in the party system, "may, in some instances, threaten the integrity of the NTSB investigative process".<ref name="RAND Report" />{{rp|30}} The Rand study recommended that the NTSB reduce its reliance on party representatives and make greater use of independent investigators, including from [[NASA]], the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]], government research laboratories, and universities.<ref name="RAND Report" />{{rp|31–32}} {{As of|2014|df=US}}, the NTSB has not adopted these recommendations and instead continues to rely on the party system.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/06/12/unfit-for-flight-part-2/10405451/ |title=Unchecked carnage: NTSB probes are skimpy for small-aircraft crashes |newspaper=USA Today |date=June 12, 2014 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505145819/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/06/12/unfit-for-flight-part-2/10405451/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
==Safety recommendations== | ==Safety recommendations== | ||
Latest revision as of 01:12, 11 February 2025
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
 | This page in a nutshell: US government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents |
| National Transportation Safety Board | |
|---|---|
| File:US-NTSB-Seal.svg | |
| Official seal and emblem | |
| Agency Overview | |
| Formed | April 1, 1967[1] |
| Preceding agency | Civil Aeronautics Board |
| Jurisdiction | United States |
| Headquarters | 490 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, D.C. |
| Employees | 437 (2024)[2] |
| Annual budget | US$145 million (2024) |
| Agency Executives | Jennifer Homendy, Chairwoman Vacant, Vice Chairman |
| Parent agency | Federal government of the United States |
| Website | |
| ntsb.gov | |
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on aviation accidents and incidents, certain types of highway crashes, ship and marine accidents, pipeline incidents, bridge failures, and railroad accidents.[3] The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of hazardous materials releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in Washington, D.C.
It has four regional offices, located in
The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.[5]
History
The origin of the NTSB was in the Air Commerce Act of 1926, which assigned the United States Department of Commerce responsibility for investigating domestic aviation accidents.[6] Before the NTSB, the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA; at the time the CAA/Civil Aviation Authority) independence was questioned as it was investigating itself and would be biased to find external faults, coalescing with the 1931 crash killing Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne[7] and the 1935 crash that killed Senator Bronson Cutting.[8] The US's first "independent" Air Safety Board was established in 1938:[9] it lasted only fourteen months.[10] In 1940, this authority was transferred to the Civil Aeronautics Board's newly formed Bureau of Aviation Safety.[6]
In 1967, Congress created a separate cabinet-level Department of Transportation, which among other things, established the Federal Aviation Administration as an agency under the DOT.[11] At the same time, the NTSB was established as an independent agency which absorbed the Bureau of Aviation Safety's responsibilities.[11] However, from 1967 to 1975, the NTSB reported to the DOT for administrative purposes, while conducting investigations into the Federal Aviation Administration, also a DOT agency.[12]
To avoid any conflict, Congress passed the Independent Safety Board Act, and on April 1, 1975, the NTSB became a fully independent agency.[1][6] As of 2015[update], the NTSB has investigated over 140,000 aviation incidents and several thousand surface transportation incidents.[13]
Organization
Formally, the "National Transportation Safety Board" refers to a five-manager investigative board whose five members are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate for five-year terms.[14] Board members may continue to serve until a successor is confirmed and takes office.[15] No more than three of the five members may be from the same political party.[15] One of the five board members is nominated as the Chair by the President and then approved by the Senate for a fixed three-year term; another is designated as vice-chair for a fixed three-year term and who becomes acting chair when there is no formal chair.[16][15] This board is authorized by Congress under Chapter 11, Title 49 of the United States Code to investigate civil aviation, highway, marine, pipeline, and railroad accidents and incidents.[17] This five-member board is authorized to establish and manage separate sub-offices for highway, marine, aviation, railroad, pipeline, and hazardous materials investigations.[15]
Since its creation, the NTSB's primary mission has been "to determine the probable cause of transportation accidents and incidents and to formulate safety recommendations to improve transportation safety (in the USA)".[13] Based on the results of investigations within its jurisdiction, the NTSB issues formal safety recommendations to agencies and institutions with the power to implement those recommendations.[1] The NTSB considers safety recommendations to be its primary tool for preventing future civil transportation accidents.[1] However, the NTSB does not have the authority to enforce its safety recommendations.[13]
Current board members
The current board members as of September 24, 2024:[18]
| Position | Name | Party | Took office | Term expires |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chair | Jennifer Homendy | Democratic | August 13, 2021 (as chair) August 20, 2018 (as member) |
August 13, 2027 (as chair) December 31, 2029 (as member) |
| Member | Michael Graham | Republican | January 3, 2020 | December 31, 2025 |
| Member | Thomas B. Chapman | Democratic | January 6, 2020 | December 31, 2023 |
| Member | Alvin Brown | Democratic | March 13, 2024 | December 31, 2026 |
| Member | J. Todd Inman | Republican | March 13, 2024 | December 31, 2027 |
Nominations
President Biden has nominated the following to fill a seat on the board. They await Senate confirmation.[19]
| Name | Party | Term expires | Replacing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas B. Chapman | Democratic | December 31, 2028 | Reappointment |
Accident and incident investigations
The NTSB is the lead agency in investigating a civil transportation accident or incident within its sphere. An investigation of a major accident within the United States typically starts with the creation of a "go team", composed of specialists in fields relating to the incident who are rapidly deployed to the incident location.[4] The "go team" can have as few as three people or as many as a dozen, depending on the nature of the incident.[4] The agency may then hold public hearings on the issue following the investigation.[4] Ultimately, it will publish a final report which may include safety recommendations based on its findings. The NTSB has no legal authority to implement or impose its recommendations. Its recommendations are often implemented by regulators at the federal or state level or by individual transportation companies.[20]
The NTSB played a critical role in the investigation of the Norfolk Southern Railway derailment in East Palestine, Ohio, in February 2023. The NTSB's report, unanimously adopted by its board, highlighted significant failures by Norfolk Southern, particularly in the decision to conduct a vent and burn of toxic chemicals, which was deemed unnecessary and based on misleading information provided by the railway. The report also criticized Norfolk Southern's obstruction during the investigation, noting delays in providing critical information and attempts to influence the investigation's outcome. The NTSB's findings have led to new safety recommendations aimed at preventing similar incidents in the future, including better communication protocols and more stringent oversight of emergency response procedures.[21]
The NTSB concluded that poor bridge resource management and a charting error led to the collision between the dry bulk carrier Ocean Princess and the SP-83A oil and gas production platform in the Gulf of Mexico on January 7, 2021. The incident occurred because the platform was not visible on the vessel's electronic chart display, although it was present on the paper chart used by the mate on watch. The NTSB highlighted the importance of effective bridge management and the dangers of over-reliance on electronic navigation tools.[22]
Jurisdiction over investigations
- Aviation
- The NTSB has primary authority to investigate every civil aviation accident in the United States; the agency is also authorized to conduct investigations involving both civilian and military aircraft "with the participation of appropriate military authorities".[23] Aviation includes certain commercial space accidents.[24] For certain accidents, due to resource limitations, the Board will ask the FAA to collect the factual information at the scene of the accident; the NTSB bases its report on that information.
- Surface Transportation
- The NTSB has the authority to investigate all highway accidents and incidents, including incidents at railway grade crossings, "in cooperation with a State".[3] The NTSB has primary jurisdiction over railway accidents and incidents which result in death or significant property damage, or which involve a passenger train.[3]
- Marine
- For marine investigations, jurisdiction into investigations is divided between the NTSB and the U.S. Coast Guard.[3] The division of investigative jurisdiction and responsibilities is prescribed in a detailed Memorandum of Understanding between the two agencies.
- Pipeline
- The NTSB has primary jurisdiction over pipeline incidents (often the result of third-party excavation damage) which involve "a fatality, substantial property damage, or significant injury to the environment".[3]
- Assistance to criminal investigations
- The NTSB has primary jurisdiction over civil transportation investigations, not criminal ones. If the Attorney General declares the case to be linked to a criminal act, the NTSB must relinquish control of the investigation to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.[3] The NTSB may still provide technical support to the FBI in such investigations. In two high-profile examples, the NTSB sent aviation accident investigators with knowledge of aircraft structures and flight recorders to assist the FBI's criminal investigation into the murder-suicide of Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771 in 1987, and the September 11, 2001, attacks fourteen years later.[25]
- Assistance to other domestic agencies
- In addition to assisting the Department of Justice in criminal investigations, the NTSB has also assisted the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in its investigations of both the Challenger and the Columbia Space Shuttle disasters. The NTSB can also assist the U.S. military in investigating military incidents within the realm of the NTSB's expertise, such as the crash of an Air Force transport plane in former Yugoslavia that killed more than 30 Americans, including Commerce Secretary Ron Brown.
- Assistance to foreign governments
- The NTSB may assist in incident or accident investigations outside the United States under certain circumstances. These may include accidents or incidents involving American-registered or American-owned civil aircraft or aircraft with U.S.-manufactured components in foreign air space. Officially, NTSB employees are prohibited from releasing information about "another country's investigation", although this has happened in the past.[26]
Use of the "party system"
To conduct its investigations, the NTSB operates under the "party system", which utilizes the support and participation of industry and labor representatives with expertise or technical knowledge specifically useful to its investigation. The NTSB may invite these individuals or organizations to become parties to the investigation and participate under the supervision of the NTSB.[27][28][29] The NTSB has discretion over which organizations it allows to participate.[28] Only individuals with relevant technical expertise can represent an organization in an investigation, and attorneys and insurance investigators are prohibited by law from participating.[28][29]
The NTSB considers the party system crucial to the investigative process, as it provides the NTSB with access to individuals with specialized expertise or knowledge relevant to a particular investigation.[27][28] However, the use of the party system is not without controversy. The NTSB invited Boeing to participate as a party to the investigation of the crash of TWA Flight 800, a Boeing 747, in 1996. While the NTSB relied on Boeing's sharing of expertise, it was later determined that Boeing had withheld a study of military versions of the 747 that investigated flammable vapor combustion in the center fuel tank.[30] Boeing had told the NTSB that it had no studies proving or disproving the vapor combustion theory.[30] In response to political pressure after the Boeing incident, the NTSB commissioned the nonprofit Rand Corporation to conduct an independent study of the NTSB's aircraft investigation process.[30]
In 2000, Rand published its report, which concluded that the party system is "a key component of the NTSB investigative process" and that participant parties "are uniquely able to provide essential information about aircraft design and manufacture, airline operations, or functioning of [the National Airspace System] that simply cannot be obtained elsewhere".[31]: 31 However, Rand also found conflicts of interest inherent in the party system, "may, in some instances, threaten the integrity of the NTSB investigative process".[31]: 30 The Rand study recommended that the NTSB reduce its reliance on party representatives and make greater use of independent investigators, including from NASA, the Department of Defense, government research laboratories, and universities.[31]: 31–32 As of 2014[update], the NTSB has not adopted these recommendations and instead continues to rely on the party system.[32]
Safety recommendations
.jpg){kind=link}
As of 2014[update], the NTSB has issued about 14,000 safety recommendations in its history, 73 percent of which have been adopted in whole or in part by the entities to which they were directed.[13] Starting in 1990, the NTSB annually published a "Most Wanted List", which highlights safety recommendations that the NTSB believes would provide the most significant — and sometimes immediate — benefit to the traveling public.[1][13][33] The list was discontinued in 2023 such that "the NTSB can more nimbly advocate for [their] recommendations and emerging safety issues”.[34][35]
Among transportation safety improvements brought about or inspired by NTSB recommendations:
- Aviation
- Mid-air collision avoidance technology, ground proximity warning systems, airborne wind shear detection and alert systems, smoke detectors in lavatories and fuel tank inerting.
- Highway
- Graduated drivers license laws for young drivers, age-21 drinking laws, smart airbag technology, center high-mounted stop lights, commercial drivers licenses, and improved school bus construction standards.
- Rail
- Positive train control, improved emergency exits for passenger rail cars, and double-shelf couplers for hazardous material rail cars.
- Marine
- Recreational boating safety, improved fire safety on cruise ships, and lifesaving devices on fishing vessels.
- Pipeline
- Excavation damage prevention, pipe corrosion protection, and remote shutoff valves.
- Multi-Modal
- Alcohol and drug testing in all modes of transportation.
Other responsibilities
A less well-known responsibility of the NTSB is that it serves as a court of appeals for airmen, aircraft mechanics, certificated aviation-related companies, and mariners who have their licenses suspended or revoked by the FAA or the Coast Guard. The NTSB employs administrative law judges who initially hear all appeals, and the administrative law judge's ruling may be appealed to the five-member Board.[36] The Board's determinations may be appealed to the federal court system by the losing party, whether it is the individual or company, on the one hand, or the FAA or the Coast Guard, on the other.[36] However, from Ferguson v. NTSB, the NTSB's determinations are not overturned by the federal courts unless the NTSB abused its discretion or its determination is wholly unsupported by the evidence.[37]
The Safety Board maintains a training academy[5] in Ashburn, Virginia, where it conducts courses for its employees and professionals in other government agencies, foreign governments or private companies, in areas such as general accident investigation, specific elements of investigations like survival factors or human performance, or related matters like family affairs or media relations. The facility houses for training purposes the reconstruction of more than 90 feet of the TWA Flight 800 Boeing 747,[38] which was recovered from the Atlantic Ocean after it crashed on July 17, 1996, following a fuel tank explosion.
On February 22, 2021, the NTSB announced that the TWA Flight 800 recreation would be decommissioned on July 7, 2021. This decision comes as the lease for the Ashburn training center expires shortly. The NTSB indicated it is moving away from large-scale reconstructions like with TWA Flight 800 and towards using 3D scans to reconstruct accidents. Under an agreement made with the victims' families, when the reconstruction was retained as a training tool, the reconstruction was not allowed to be used as a public exhibit or put on display. For this reason, the NTSB is planning to dismantle and destroy the reconstruction.[39]
See also
- Aviation safety
- Federal Bureau of Investigation
- List of pipeline accidents
- Operation Lifesaver
- School bus safety
- U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
- Vehicle inspection in the United States
- Work-related road safety in the United States
- Transportation safety in the United States
Other countries
- Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India) - India (DGCA)
- Australian Transport Safety Bureau – Australia (ATSB)
- Air Accidents Investigation Branch – United Kingdom (AAIB)
- Taiwan Transportation Safety Board – Taiwan (TTSB)
- German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation – Germany
- Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile – France
- Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo – Italy (ANSV)
- Transport Accident Investigation Commission – New Zealand (TAIC)
- Transportation Safety Board of Canada – Canada (TSB)
- National Transportation Safety Committee – Indonesia (NTSC)
- Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau – Nigeria (NSIB)
- Swedish Accident Investigation Authority - Sweden (SHK)
- European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities - European Union (ENCASIA)
- Accident Investigation Board Denmark - Denmark (HCLJ)
- Japan Transport Safety Board - Japan (JTSB)
- Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia - Malaysia (CAAM)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "We Are All Safer: Lessons Learned and Lives Saved 1975–2005. 3rd ed. Safety Report NTSB/SR-05/01.". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-studies/Documents/SR0501.pdf.
- ↑ "NTSB Media Brief - Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 (Jan 8) livestream". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.youtube.com/live/kGWLBLb9Pm4?si=plwecZC49PpbiqH1.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 49 U.S.C. § 1131
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Office of the Chief Records Officer (December 19, 2014). "Records Management Oversight Inspection Report 2014". National Archives and Records Administration. https://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/resources/ntsb-inspection.pdf.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "NTSB Training Center". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.ntsb.gov/training_center/Pages/TrainingCenter.aspx.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "History of The National Transportation Safety Board". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.ntsb.gov/about/history/pages/default.aspx.
- ↑ William Tuccio (November 8, 2018). "Opinion: When A Near-Accident Requires Deeper Investigation". Aviation Week & Space Technology. http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/opinion-when-near-accident-requires-deeper-investigation.
- ↑ Freeze, Christopher (March 2021). "ALPA at 90: Accident Investigation". https://www.alpa.org/news-and-events/air-line-pilot-magazine/accident-investigation.
- ↑ Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938
- ↑ U.S. Senate. Select Committee on Government Organization. A Resolution Disapproving Reorganization Plan Numbered IV, Hearings. May 9–10, 1940.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "A Brief History of the FAA". Federal Aviation Administration. https://www.faa.gov/about/history/brief_history.
- ↑ Fidell, Eugene R. (Winter 1980). "Improving Competence in the Merchant Marine: Suspension and Revocation Proceedings". Missouri Law Review 45 (a): 25.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 "Annual Report to Congress 2014". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.ntsb.gov/about/reports/Documents/2014_Annual_Report.pdf.
- ↑ Fielding, Eric; Lo, Andrew W.; Yang, Jian Helen (2011). "The National Transportation Safety Board: A Model for Systemic Risk Management". Journal of Investment Risk Management First Quarter. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1695781.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 49 U.S.C. § 1111
- ↑ The Board at NTSB Archived June 3, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved June 18, 2014
- ↑ 49 U.S.C. §§ 1101–1155
- ↑ "The NTSB Board". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.ntsb.gov/about/board/Pages/default.aspx.
- ↑ "Quick Search National Transportation Safety Board". Library of Congress. https://www.congress.gov/quick-search/nominations?wordsPhrases=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&wordVariants=on&congressGroups%5B0%5D=0&congresses%5B0%5D=118&nomCivil=on&nomOther=on&pnNumbers=&nomineeNames=&positions=&organizations=&stateTerritories%5B0%5D=any&nominationAction=&dates=datesReceivedInSenate&dateOperator=equal&startDate=&endDate=&dateIsOption=yesterday&qs_expand=false.
- ↑ "The Investigative Process". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/process/pages/default.aspx.
- ↑ Riley, Kim (2024-06-26). "Norfolk Southern Blasted by Government: East Palestine Reeling from Crisis Management Failures" (in en-US). https://transportationtodaynews.com/featured/33261-norfolk-southern-blasted-by-government-east-palestine-reeling-from-crisis-management-failures/.
- ↑ Carey, Liz (2022-08-25). "NTSB determines 2021 carrier strike of oil production platform fault of poor bridge management, charting" (in en-US). https://transportationtodaynews.com/featured/27821-ntsb-reports-2021-carrier-strike-of-oil-production-platform-blamed-on-poor-bridge-management-charting/.
- ↑ 49 U.S.C. § 1132
- ↑ "Office of Aviation Safety". https://www.ntsb.gov/about/organization/AS/Pages/office_as.aspx.
- ↑ "NTSB Providing Technical Assistance to FBI Investigation" (Press release). National Transportation Safety Board. September 13, 2001. https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/NTSB_Providing_Technical_Assistance_to_FBI_Investigation.aspx. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
- ↑ Horikoshi, Toyohiro. "U.S. leaked crucial Boeing repair flaw Archived February 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine that led to 1985 JAL jet crash: ex-officials." Japan Times – Kyodo. (August 11, 2015).
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 "What is the National Transportation Safety Board?". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.ntsb.gov/about/Documents/SPC0502.pdf.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Michael Ferguson; Sean Nelson (2012). Aviation Safety: A Balanced Industry Approach. Cengage Learning. p. 37.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 49 CFR 831.11
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Alvear, Michael (December 6, 1996). "Crash course in ethics". Salon. http://www.salon.com/1999/12/06/ntsb_2/.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 "Safety in the Skies: Personnel and Parties in NTSB Aviation Accident Investigations". RAND Corporation. January 1, 2000. http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1122.pdf.
- ↑ "Unchecked carnage: NTSB probes are skimpy for small-aircraft crashes". USA Today. June 12, 2014. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/06/12/unfit-for-flight-part-2/10405451/.
- ↑ "Most Wanted List Archive". https://www.ntsb.gov/Advocacy/mwl/Pages/mwl_archive.aspx.
- ↑ "NTSB Retires Most Wanted List of Transportation Safety Improvements". https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/NR20231214.aspx.
- ↑ Phelps, Mark (2023-12-14). "NTSB's 'Most Wanted' List Of Safety Issues To Be Retired" (in en-US). https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/ntsbs-most-wanted-list-of-safety-issues-to-be-retired/.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Office of Administrative Law Judges". National Transportation Safety Board. https://www.ntsb.gov/about/organization/ALJ/Pages/office_alj.aspx.
- ↑ Ferguson v. National Transportation Safety Board, 678 F.2d 821 (9th Cir. 1982).
- ↑ Hall, Jim (December 8, 1997). "Statement at the Opening of the NTSB Investigative Hearing Into the Crash of TWA Flight 800". NTSB. https://www.ntsb.gov/news/speeches/JimHall/Pages/Statement_at_the_Opening_of_the_NTSB_Investigative_Hearing_Into_the_Crash_of_TWA_Flight_800_Baltimore_Maryland.aspx.
- ↑ National Transportation Safety Board. "NTSB's TWA Flight 800 Reconstruction to be Decommissioned" (in English). Washington D.C.: United States Department of Transportation. https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/NR20210222.aspx.
External links
| File:Commons-logo.svg | Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 94: attempt to call field 'loadI18n' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 94: attempt to call field 'loadI18n' (a nil value).]]. |
| File:Wikisource-logo.svg | Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- Official website
- NTSB Most Wanted List
- National Transportation Safety Board on USAspending.gov
- National Transportation Safety Board in the Federal Register
- Records Management Oversight Inspection Report 2014; National Transportation Safety Board Records Management Program; National Archives and Records Administration; Issued December 19, 2014
- Rimson P.E., Ira J. Investigating "Causes". International Society of Air Safety Investigators, ISASI '98, Barcelona, Spain; October 20, 1998.
Template:Aviation accident orgs Template:Maritime accident orgs Template:Rail accident orgs
Lua error in Module:Authority_control at line 158: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- Pages with script errors
- Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters
- Citation Style 1 templates
- Webarchive template wayback links
- Organizations
- Pages with the Nutshell template
- Policy and guidelines header templates
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015
- Articles with invalid date parameter in template
- All articles containing potentially dated statements
- Articles with hCards
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014
- Commons category link from Wikidata
- Official website not in Wikidata
- National Transportation Safety Board
- Rail accident investigators
- Organizations investigating aviation accidents and incidents
- Aviation in the United States
- Government agencies established in 1967
- Independent agencies of the United States government
- Transport safety organizations
- Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
- 1967 establishments in Washington, D.C.