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Directorate of Operations (Central Intelligence Agency): Difference between revisions
Directorate of Operations (Central Intelligence Agency) (view source)
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{{Organization | |||
|OrganizationName=Directorate of Operations (Central Intelligence Agency) | |||
|OrganizationType=Intelligence Agency | |||
|Mission=Directorate of Operations in CIA gathers global intelligence via covert human sources to protect U.S. security as directed by the President. | |||
|ParentOrganization=Central Intelligence Agency | |||
|TopOrganization=Central Intelligence Agency | |||
|CreationLegislation=National Security Act of 1947 | |||
|Employees=6000 | |||
|Budget=Classified (Included within the overall CIA budget) | |||
|OrganizationExecutive=Deputy Director for Operations | |||
|Services=Human Intelligence Collection; Covert Operations; Counterintelligence; Recruitment of Agents | |||
|HeadquartersLocation=38.95593, -77.1475 | |||
|HeadquartersAddress=George Bush Center for Intelligence, Langley, VA 22101 | |||
|Website=https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-operations/ | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|US clandestine intelligence organization}} | {{Short description|US clandestine intelligence organization}} | ||
{{Infobox government agency | {{Infobox government agency | ||
| name = Directorate of Operations | | name = Directorate of Operations | ||
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The DO "serves as the [[Clandestine operation|clandestine]] arm of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the national authority for the coordination, de-confliction, and evaluation of clandestine operations across the [[United States Intelligence Community|Intelligence Community of the United States]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Mission of the National Clandestine Service|url=https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/clandestine-service/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612182130/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/clandestine-service/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 12, 2007|work=CIA Website|access-date=April 28, 2011}}</ref> | The DO "serves as the [[Clandestine operation|clandestine]] arm of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the national authority for the coordination, de-confliction, and evaluation of clandestine operations across the [[United States Intelligence Community|Intelligence Community of the United States]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Mission of the National Clandestine Service|url=https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/clandestine-service/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612182130/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/clandestine-service/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 12, 2007|work=CIA Website|access-date=April 28, 2011}}</ref> | ||
{{Official URL (simple)|url=https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-operations/}} | |||
==Mission== | |||
The mission of the Directorate of Operations involves collecting intelligence that can only be gathered through human sources, often in environments where technological methods are inadequate or impossible. It also carries out covert actions as authorized by the President to influence events or protect U.S. interests abroad.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-operations/ |title=CIA Operations |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=February 7, 2025}} | |||
==Parent organization== | |||
The Directorate of Operations is a component of the Central Intelligence Agency, directly reporting to the CIA's Director. The CIA itself operates under the broader umbrella of the U.S. Intelligence Community, with oversight from the Director of National Intelligence.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/resources/organization/ |title=Organization |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=February 7, 2025}} | |||
==Legislation== | |||
The Directorate of Operations was established under the authority of the National Security Act of 1947, which created the CIA and outlined its responsibilities.{{Cite web |url=https://irp.fas.org/offdocs/nsc-hst/nsc-4707.htm |title=National Security Act of 1947 |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |access-date=February 7, 2025}} | |||
==Partners== | |||
* Various U.S. government agencies for cooperative intelligence gathering and operations. | |||
* Foreign intelligence services for joint operations or information exchange, though specifics are classified. | |||
==Number of employees== | |||
The Directorate of Operations employs around 6000 officers, including case officers, paramilitary officers, and support staff, though exact numbers are often classified.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-operations/ |title=CIA Operations |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=February 7, 2025}} | |||
==Organization structure== | |||
The structure of the DO includes: | |||
* Collection Management Officers coordinating intelligence collection. | |||
* Case Officers handling agent recruitment and management. | |||
* Paramilitary Operations Officers for covert action support. | |||
* Language Officers for cultural and linguistic expertise in operations. | |||
===Leader=== | |||
The DO is led by the Deputy Director for Operations. | |||
===Divisions=== | |||
* Counterterrorism Center for operations against terrorist threats. | |||
* Counterintelligence Center for operations to protect against foreign intelligence threats. | |||
* Special Activities Center for covert action including paramilitary operations. | |||
==List of programs== | |||
* HUMINT Collection Programs for gathering human intelligence. | |||
* Covert Action Programs, specifics of which are classified. | |||
* Counterintelligence Operations to detect and counter espionage. | |||
==Last total enacted budget== | |||
The budget for the Directorate of Operations is part of the CIA's classified budget, not publicly disclosed separately. | |||
==Staff== | |||
Staff includes case officers, operations support officers, technical officers, and analysts, all working in various capacities to support the DO's mission. | |||
==Funding== | |||
Funding for the Directorate of Operations is integrated into the CIA's overall budget, which is classified but known to be significant, supporting a wide range of intelligence activities. | |||
==Services provided== | |||
The DO provides critical human intelligence (HUMINT) to policymakers, conducts covert actions to support U.S. foreign policy, and engages in counterintelligence to protect national security. It operates both domestically and abroad, with a focus on espionage, counter-terrorism, and counterintelligence.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-operations/ |title=CIA Operations |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=February 7, 2025}} | |||
==Regulations overseen== | |||
The DO does not oversee regulations but operates within a framework of legal guidelines, including Executive Orders and Congressional oversight on intelligence activities. | |||
==Headquarters address== | |||
George Bush Center for Intelligence, Langley, VA 22101 | |||
==History== | |||
Originally known as the Office of Special Operations and later as the Directorate of Plans, the Directorate of Operations has evolved through various names and structures since the CIA's inception in 1947. It has been central to many significant U.S. intelligence operations throughout the Cold War and beyond.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/books-monographs/origin-of-cia.html |title=The Origin of the CIA |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=February 7, 2025}} | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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}}</ref></blockquote> | }}</ref></blockquote> | ||
[[Guerrilla warfare]] was outside this statement of scope, but such operations came under partial CIA control with NSC 10/5 of October 1951. See ''"Psychological Strategy Board"'' below. To implement covert actions under NSC 10/2, the OPC was created on September 1, 1948. Its initial structure had it taking guidance from the State Department in peacetime and from the military in wartime, initially had direct access to the State Department and to the military without having to proceed through the CIA's administrative hierarchy, provided the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was informed of all important projects and decisions. In 1950 this arrangement was modified to ensure that policy guidance came to OPC through the DCI. During the | [[Guerrilla warfare]] was outside this statement of scope, but such operations came under partial CIA control with NSC 10/5 of October 1951. See ''"Psychological Strategy Board"'' below. To implement covert actions under NSC 10/2, the OPC was created on September 1, 1948. Its initial structure had it taking guidance from the State Department in peacetime and from the military in wartime, initially had direct access to the State Department and to the military without having to proceed through the CIA's administrative hierarchy, provided the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was informed of all important projects and decisions. In 1950 this arrangement was modified to ensure that policy guidance came to OPC through the DCI. During the Korean War, the OPC grew quickly. Wartime commitments and other missions soon made covert action the most expensive and bureaucratically prominent of the CIA's activities. | ||
Concerned about this situation, DCI [[Walter Bedell Smith]] in early 1951 asked the NSC for enhanced policy guidance and a ruling on the proper "scope and magnitude" of CIA operations. The White House responded with two initiatives. In April 1951 President Truman created the [[Psychological Strategy Board]] (PSB) under the NSC to coordinate government-wide psychological warfare strategy. | Concerned about this situation, DCI [[Walter Bedell Smith]] in early 1951 asked the NSC for enhanced policy guidance and a ruling on the proper "scope and magnitude" of CIA operations. The White House responded with two initiatives. In April 1951 President Truman created the [[Psychological Strategy Board]] (PSB) under the NSC to coordinate government-wide psychological warfare strategy. | ||
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070612182130/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/clandestine-service/index.html National Clandestine Service] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070612182130/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/clandestine-service/index.html National Clandestine Service] | ||
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4340318.stm "US setting up new spying agency"], [[British Broadcasting Corporation]], October 13, 2005. | *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4340318.stm "US setting up new spying agency"], [[British Broadcasting Corporation]], October 13, 2005. | ||
* [https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/cia-operations/ Official Website] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Directorate_of_Operations_(CIA)]] | |||
* [https://irp.fas.org/cia/product/dop.htm FAS Intelligence Resource Program - Directorate of Operations] | |||
{{United States intelligence agencies}} | {{United States intelligence agencies}} | ||