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Central Intelligence Agency: Difference between revisions
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===Executive Office=== | ===Executive Office=== | ||
{{Further|Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency}} | {{Further|Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency}} | ||
The [[director of the Central Intelligence Agency]] (D/CIA) is appointed by the [[President of the United States|president]] with [[Senate confirmation]] and reports directly to the [[Director of National Intelligence|director of national intelligence]] (DNI); in practice, the CIA director interfaces with the [[Director of National Intelligence|director of national intelligence]] (DNI), [[United States Congress|Congress]], and the [[White House]], while the [[Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|deputy director (DD/CIA)]] is the internal executive of the CIA and the chief operating officer (COO/CIA), known as executive director until 2017, leads the day-to-day work<ref name="about-cia leadership">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012191825/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 12, 2012|title=Leadership|website=Central Intelligence Agency|date= December 30, 2011 |access-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref> as the third-highest post of the CIA.<ref name="Brennan, Haines, Park">{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/other/sisterhood-spies-women-crack-code-cia-f2D11594601|title=Sisterhood of Spies: Women crack the code at the CIA |first1=Robert |last1=Windrem |website=[[NBC News]]|date=November 14, 2013|access-date=January 7, 2018|archive-date=April 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408013640/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/other/sisterhood-spies-women-crack-code-cia-f2D11594601|url-status=live}}</ref> The deputy director is formally appointed by the director without [[United States Senate|Senate]] confirmation,<ref name="Brennan, Haines, Park"/><ref name="Haspel appointment">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/cia-deputy-director-gina-haspel-linked-torture-thailand-black-site|title=CIA deputy director linked to torture at Thailand black site|website= | The [[director of the Central Intelligence Agency]] (D/CIA) is appointed by the [[President of the United States|president]] with [[Senate confirmation]] and reports directly to the [[Director of National Intelligence|director of national intelligence]] (DNI); in practice, the CIA director interfaces with the [[Director of National Intelligence|director of national intelligence]] (DNI), [[United States Congress|Congress]], and the [[White House]], while the [[Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|deputy director (DD/CIA)]] is the internal executive of the CIA and the chief operating officer (COO/CIA), known as executive director until 2017, leads the day-to-day work<ref name="about-cia leadership">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012191825/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 12, 2012|title=Leadership|website=Central Intelligence Agency|date= December 30, 2011 |access-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref> as the third-highest post of the CIA.<ref name="Brennan, Haines, Park">{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/other/sisterhood-spies-women-crack-code-cia-f2D11594601|title=Sisterhood of Spies: Women crack the code at the CIA |first1=Robert |last1=Windrem |website=[[NBC News]]|date=November 14, 2013|access-date=January 7, 2018|archive-date=April 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408013640/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/other/sisterhood-spies-women-crack-code-cia-f2D11594601|url-status=live}}</ref> The deputy director is formally appointed by the director without [[United States Senate|Senate]] confirmation,<ref name="Brennan, Haines, Park"/><ref name="Haspel appointment">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/cia-deputy-director-gina-haspel-linked-torture-thailand-black-site|title=CIA deputy director linked to torture at Thailand black site|website=The Guardian|date=February 3, 2017 |first1=Oliver |last1=Holmes |access-date=January 7, 2018|archive-date=February 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203132358/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/cia-deputy-director-gina-haspel-linked-torture-thailand-black-site|url-status=live}}</ref> but as the president's opinion plays a great role in the decision,<ref name="Haspel appointment"/> the deputy director is generally considered a political position, making the chief operating officer the most senior non-political position for CIA career officers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investors.butterfieldgroup.com/current-news/2017/10-06-2017-214238579|title=Meroe Park Joins Butterfield Board|website=[[Butterfield Bank]]|date=October 6, 2017|access-date=January 6, 2018|archive-date=August 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816065800/https://investors.butterfieldgroup.com/current-news/2017/10-06-2017-214238579|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
The Executive Office also supports the [[United States military|U.S. military]], including the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command]], by providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from [[military intelligence]] organizations, and cooperating with field activities. The associate deputy director of the CIA is in charge of the day-to-day operations of the agency. Each branch of the agency has its own director.<ref name="about-cia leadership"/> The Office of Military Affairs (OMA), subordinate to the associate deputy director, manages the relationship between the CIA and the [[Unified Combatant Command]]s, who produce and deliver regional and operational intelligence and consume national intelligence produced by the CIA.<ref>{{cite web |title=CIA Support to the US Military During the Persian Gulf War |website=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/gulfwar/061997/support.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613051112/https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/gulfwar/061997/support.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 13, 2007 |date=June 16, 1997}}</ref> | The Executive Office also supports the [[United States military|U.S. military]], including the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command]], by providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from [[military intelligence]] organizations, and cooperating with field activities. The associate deputy director of the CIA is in charge of the day-to-day operations of the agency. Each branch of the agency has its own director.<ref name="about-cia leadership"/> The Office of Military Affairs (OMA), subordinate to the associate deputy director, manages the relationship between the CIA and the [[Unified Combatant Command]]s, who produce and deliver regional and operational intelligence and consume national intelligence produced by the CIA.<ref>{{cite web |title=CIA Support to the US Military During the Persian Gulf War |website=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/gulfwar/061997/support.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613051112/https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/gulfwar/061997/support.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 13, 2007 |date=June 16, 1997}}</ref> | ||
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The Directorate of Science & Technology was established to research, create, and manage technical collection disciplines and equipment. Many of its innovations were transferred to other intelligence organizations, or, as they became more overt, to the military services. | The Directorate of Science & Technology was established to research, create, and manage technical collection disciplines and equipment. Many of its innovations were transferred to other intelligence organizations, or, as they became more overt, to the military services. | ||
The development of the [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, for instance, was done in cooperation with the [[United States Air Force]]. The U-2's original mission was clandestine [[IMINT|imagery intelligence]] over denied areas such as the | The development of the [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, for instance, was done in cooperation with the [[United States Air Force]]. The U-2's original mission was clandestine [[IMINT|imagery intelligence]] over denied areas such as the Soviet Union.<ref name="Pocock, Chris page 404">{{Cite book |last=Pocock |first=Chris |title=50 Years of the U-2: The Complete Illustrated History of the 'Dragon Lady' |publisher=Schiffer Publishing Ltd |location=Atglen, Pennsylvania |lccn=89012535 |isbn=0-7643-2346-6 |page=404|year=2005 }}</ref> It was subsequently provided with [[signals intelligence]] and [[Measurement and Signature Intelligence|measurement and signature intelligence]] capabilities and is now operated by the Air Force. | ||
A DS&T organization analyzed imagery intelligence collected by the U-2 and reconnaissance satellites called the National Photointerpretation Center (NPIC), which had analysts from both the CIA and the military services. Subsequently, NPIC was transferred to the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]] (NGA).{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} | A DS&T organization analyzed imagery intelligence collected by the U-2 and reconnaissance satellites called the National Photointerpretation Center (NPIC), which had analysts from both the CIA and the military services. Subsequently, NPIC was transferred to the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]] (NGA).{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} | ||