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South Dakota: Difference between revisions
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Much of South Dakota (except for the Black Hills area) is dominated by a temperate [[grassland]] biome.<ref>{{cite web| title = A Short Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes | publisher=nearctica.com | access-date =September 22, 2007 | url = http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biointro.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020341/http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biointro.htm<!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date =September 28, 2007}}</ref> Although grasses and crops cover most of this region, [[deciduous]] trees such as [[Populus sect. Aegiros|cottonwoods]], elms, and [[willow]]s are common near rivers and in [[shelter belt]]s.<ref>{{cite web | title = South Dakota Flora | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/flora1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001164057/http://www.northern.edu/natsource/flora1.htm | archive-date = October 1, 2007 }}</ref> | Much of South Dakota (except for the Black Hills area) is dominated by a temperate [[grassland]] biome.<ref>{{cite web| title = A Short Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes | publisher=nearctica.com | access-date =September 22, 2007 | url = http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biointro.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020341/http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biointro.htm<!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date =September 28, 2007}}</ref> Although grasses and crops cover most of this region, [[deciduous]] trees such as [[Populus sect. Aegiros|cottonwoods]], elms, and [[willow]]s are common near rivers and in [[shelter belt]]s.<ref>{{cite web | title = South Dakota Flora | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/flora1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001164057/http://www.northern.edu/natsource/flora1.htm | archive-date = October 1, 2007 }}</ref> | ||
[[Mammals]] in this area include [[American bison|bison]], [[deer]], [[pronghorn]], [[coyotes]], and [[prairie dog]]s.<ref name=SDFauna>{{cite web | title = South Dakota Fauna | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/fauna1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051320/http://northern.edu/natsource/fauna1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref> The state bird, the [[common pheasant|ring-necked pheasant]], has adapted well to the area after being introduced from | [[Mammals]] in this area include [[American bison|bison]], [[deer]], [[pronghorn]], [[coyotes]], and [[prairie dog]]s.<ref name=SDFauna>{{cite web | title = South Dakota Fauna | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/fauna1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051320/http://northern.edu/natsource/fauna1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref> The state bird, the [[common pheasant|ring-necked pheasant]], has adapted well to the area after being introduced from China.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ring-Necked Pheasant | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/BIRDS/Ringne1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051301/http://northern.edu/natsource/BIRDS/Ringne1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref> Growing populations of [[bald eagle]]s are spread throughout the state, especially near the [[Missouri River]].<ref>Hetland, Cara. "South Dakota bald eagles make a comeback" [http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/02/07/sdeaglesuccess/ Publicradio.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051544/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/02/07/sdeaglesuccess/ |date=October 15, 2007 }} [[Minnesota Public Radio]]. February 8, 2007. (accessed September 22, 2007).</ref> Rivers and lakes of the grasslands support populations of [[walleye]], [[carp]], [[Pike (fish)|pike]], [[bass (fish)|bass]], and other species.<ref name=SDFauna/> The Missouri River also contains the pre-historic [[American paddlefish|paddlefish]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Paddlefish | publisher = Northern State University | access-date = September 22, 2007 | url = http://www3.northern.edu/natsource/ENDANG1/Paddle1.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015051309/http://northern.edu/natsource/ENDANG1/Paddle1.htm | archive-date = October 15, 2007 }}</ref> | ||
Due to a higher elevation and level of precipitation, the Black Hills ecology differs significantly from that of the plains.<ref>[http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nrs005.pdf "South Dakota's Forest Resources". Piva, R.; Haugan, D.; Josten, G.; Brand, G.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312234431/http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nrs005.pdf |date=March 12, 2009 }} (U.S. Department of Interior. ''Forest Service Resource Bulletin''. 2007)</ref> The mountains are thickly blanketed by various types of [[pine]]s, including [[Ponderosa pine|ponderosa]] and [[Pinus contorta|lodgepole pines]], as well as [[spruces]].<ref name=Thompson31>Thompson (ed.), p. 31.</ref> Black Hills mammals include [[deer]], [[elk|elk (wapiti)]], [[bighorn sheep]], [[mountain goat]]s, [[American marten|pine marten]], and [[mountain lion]]s, while the streams and lakes contain several species of [[trout]].<ref name=Thompson31/><ref>{{cite web | title = Deer | publisher = [[South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks]] | access-date = January 23, 2016 | url = http://gfp.sd.gov/hunting/big-game/deer/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130014243/http://gfp.sd.gov/hunting/big-game/deer/ | archive-date = January 30, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Fishing | publisher = [[Black Hills National Forest]] | access-date = January 27, 2016 | url = http://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/blackhills/recreation/fishing | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204072932/http://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/blackhills/recreation/fishing | archive-date = February 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref> | Due to a higher elevation and level of precipitation, the Black Hills ecology differs significantly from that of the plains.<ref>[http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nrs005.pdf "South Dakota's Forest Resources". Piva, R.; Haugan, D.; Josten, G.; Brand, G.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312234431/http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rb/rb_nrs005.pdf |date=March 12, 2009 }} (U.S. Department of Interior. ''Forest Service Resource Bulletin''. 2007)</ref> The mountains are thickly blanketed by various types of [[pine]]s, including [[Ponderosa pine|ponderosa]] and [[Pinus contorta|lodgepole pines]], as well as [[spruces]].<ref name=Thompson31>Thompson (ed.), p. 31.</ref> Black Hills mammals include [[deer]], [[elk|elk (wapiti)]], [[bighorn sheep]], [[mountain goat]]s, [[American marten|pine marten]], and [[mountain lion]]s, while the streams and lakes contain several species of [[trout]].<ref name=Thompson31/><ref>{{cite web | title = Deer | publisher = [[South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks]] | access-date = January 23, 2016 | url = http://gfp.sd.gov/hunting/big-game/deer/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130014243/http://gfp.sd.gov/hunting/big-game/deer/ | archive-date = January 30, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Fishing | publisher = [[Black Hills National Forest]] | access-date = January 27, 2016 | url = http://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/blackhills/recreation/fishing | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204072932/http://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/blackhills/recreation/fishing | archive-date = February 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref> | ||
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The current-dollar [[gross state product]] of South Dakota was $39.8 billion as of 2010, the fifth-smallest total state output in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web | title = Table 3. Current-Dollar GDP by State, 2007–2010 | publisher = [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] | access-date = August 25, 2011 | url = https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2011/pdf/gsp0611.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719041705/http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2011/pdf/gsp0611.pdf | archive-date = July 19, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> The [[Per capita personal income in the United States|per capita personal income]] was $38,865 in 2010, ranked 25th in the U.S.,<ref>{{cite web | title = SA1-3 Per capita income (dollars) | publisher = [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] | access-date = August 25, 2011 | url = https://www.bea.gov/regional/spi/drill.cfm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192707/http://www.bea.gov/regional/spi/drill.cfm | archive-date = September 23, 2015 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> and 12.5% of the population was below the poverty line in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | title = Persons Below Poverty Level, 2008 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date = August 25, 2011 | url = https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/ranks/rank34.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110817031706/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/ranks/rank34.html | archive-date = August 17, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> CNBC's list of "Top States for Business for 2010" has recognized South Dakota as the seventh-best state in the nation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111226183123/http://www.cnbc.com/id/37516043 "America's Top States for Business 2010"]. . CNBC Special Report (2010): 1. Web. May 9, 2011.</ref> In July 2011, the state's unemployment rate was 4.7%.<ref>{{cite web | title = Local Area Unemployment Statistics | publisher = [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] | access-date = May 9, 2011 | url = http://www.bls.gov/lau/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180725005015/https://www.bls.gov/lau/ | archive-date = July 25, 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref> | The current-dollar [[gross state product]] of South Dakota was $39.8 billion as of 2010, the fifth-smallest total state output in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web | title = Table 3. Current-Dollar GDP by State, 2007–2010 | publisher = [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] | access-date = August 25, 2011 | url = https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2011/pdf/gsp0611.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719041705/http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2011/pdf/gsp0611.pdf | archive-date = July 19, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> The [[Per capita personal income in the United States|per capita personal income]] was $38,865 in 2010, ranked 25th in the U.S.,<ref>{{cite web | title = SA1-3 Per capita income (dollars) | publisher = [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] | access-date = August 25, 2011 | url = https://www.bea.gov/regional/spi/drill.cfm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192707/http://www.bea.gov/regional/spi/drill.cfm | archive-date = September 23, 2015 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> and 12.5% of the population was below the poverty line in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | title = Persons Below Poverty Level, 2008 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date = August 25, 2011 | url = https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/ranks/rank34.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110817031706/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/ranks/rank34.html | archive-date = August 17, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> CNBC's list of "Top States for Business for 2010" has recognized South Dakota as the seventh-best state in the nation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111226183123/http://www.cnbc.com/id/37516043 "America's Top States for Business 2010"]. . CNBC Special Report (2010): 1. Web. May 9, 2011.</ref> In July 2011, the state's unemployment rate was 4.7%.<ref>{{cite web | title = Local Area Unemployment Statistics | publisher = [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] | access-date = May 9, 2011 | url = http://www.bls.gov/lau/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180725005015/https://www.bls.gov/lau/ | archive-date = July 25, 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref> | ||
The [[service industry]] is the largest economic contributor in South Dakota. This sector includes the retail, finance, and healthcare industries. [[Citibank]], which was at one time the largest bank holding company in the United States, established national banking operations in South Dakota in 1981 to take advantage of favorable banking regulations.<ref name=Citibank/> Today the [[trust fund]] industry manages hundreds of billions of dollars and is known as [[tax haven]] for foreigners.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bullough |first=Oliver |date=November 14, 2019 |title=The great American tax haven: why the super-rich love South Dakota |language=en-GB |work= | The [[service industry]] is the largest economic contributor in South Dakota. This sector includes the retail, finance, and healthcare industries. [[Citibank]], which was at one time the largest bank holding company in the United States, established national banking operations in South Dakota in 1981 to take advantage of favorable banking regulations.<ref name=Citibank/> Today the [[trust fund]] industry manages hundreds of billions of dollars and is known as [[tax haven]] for foreigners.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bullough |first=Oliver |date=November 14, 2019 |title=The great American tax haven: why the super-rich love South Dakota |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/the-great-american-tax-haven-why-the-super-rich-love-south-dakota-trust-laws |access-date=October 21, 2023}}</ref> [[Government spending]] is another important segment of the state's economy, providing over ten percent of the gross state product. [[Ellsworth Air Force Base]], near Rapid City, is the second-largest single employer in the state.<ref>Reha, Bob. [http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/08/26_rehab_ellsworthopen/ "South Dakota's Ellsworth AFB to stay open"]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127161020/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/08/26_rehab_ellsworthopen/ |date=January 27, 2007}}. [[Minnesota Public Radio]]. August 26, 2005. Accessed September 8, 2007.</ref> | ||
[[File:SDethnl1.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.15|[[Ethanol]] plant in [[Turner County, South Dakota|Turner County]]]] | [[File:SDethnl1.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.15|[[Ethanol]] plant in [[Turner County, South Dakota|Turner County]]]] | ||