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Air Force Research Laboratory: Difference between revisions
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In 1945, the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories were established. These laboratories were active from 1945 to 2011, following consolidation to [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]] and [[Kirtland Air Force Base]] under the [[2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission]].<ref name=Altshuler>{{cite book|last=Altshuler|first=Edward E.|title=The Rise and Fall of Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories|date=2 January 2013|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|location=Hanscom Air Force Base|isbn=978-1481832519}}</ref> The labs were founded as the '''Air Force Cambridge Research Center''' (AFCRC), a [[Cold War]] systems development organization which developed telephone [[modem]] communications for a Digital Radar Relay in 1949.<ref name=Edwards>{{Cite book |last=Edwards |first=Paul N |year=1996 |chapter=Chapter 3: SAGE |chapter-url=http://www.si.umich.edu/~pne/PDF/cw.ch3.pdf |title=The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America |url=http://www.si.umich.edu/~pne/cw.htm |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=MIT Press |page=19 |access-date=23 April 2013 |quote=the Air Force Cambridge Research Center (AFCRC) [had] recently developed methods for digital transmission of data over telephone lines [with] Digital Radar Relay (DRR)<sup>55</sup> The DRR research, begun just after [[World War II]], took four years to complete. Its availability solved one of the many analog-to-digital conversion problems faced by the eventual [[Semi-Automatic Ground Environment|SAGE]]. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227152015/http://www.si.umich.edu/~pne/cw.htm |archive-date=27 December 2005 }} (Edwards footnote 55 cites Harrington p. 370)</ref> Created by General [[Henry H. Arnold]] in 1945,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brightboys.org/NewsFeeds/BB_News5.html |title=BB News 5 |access-date=11 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101507/http://www.brightboys.org/NewsFeeds/BB_News5.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> AFCRC participated in [[Project Space Track]] and [[Semi-Automatic Ground Environment]] development. | In 1945, the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories were established. These laboratories were active from 1945 to 2011, following consolidation to [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]] and [[Kirtland Air Force Base]] under the [[2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission]].<ref name=Altshuler>{{cite book|last=Altshuler|first=Edward E.|title=The Rise and Fall of Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories|date=2 January 2013|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|location=Hanscom Air Force Base|isbn=978-1481832519}}</ref> The labs were founded as the '''Air Force Cambridge Research Center''' (AFCRC), a [[Cold War]] systems development organization which developed telephone [[modem]] communications for a Digital Radar Relay in 1949.<ref name=Edwards>{{Cite book |last=Edwards |first=Paul N |year=1996 |chapter=Chapter 3: SAGE |chapter-url=http://www.si.umich.edu/~pne/PDF/cw.ch3.pdf |title=The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America |url=http://www.si.umich.edu/~pne/cw.htm |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=MIT Press |page=19 |access-date=23 April 2013 |quote=the Air Force Cambridge Research Center (AFCRC) [had] recently developed methods for digital transmission of data over telephone lines [with] Digital Radar Relay (DRR)<sup>55</sup> The DRR research, begun just after [[World War II]], took four years to complete. Its availability solved one of the many analog-to-digital conversion problems faced by the eventual [[Semi-Automatic Ground Environment|SAGE]]. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227152015/http://www.si.umich.edu/~pne/cw.htm |archive-date=27 December 2005 }} (Edwards footnote 55 cites Harrington p. 370)</ref> Created by General [[Henry H. Arnold]] in 1945,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brightboys.org/NewsFeeds/BB_News5.html |title=BB News 5 |access-date=11 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101507/http://www.brightboys.org/NewsFeeds/BB_News5.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> AFCRC participated in [[Project Space Track]] and [[Semi-Automatic Ground Environment]] development. | ||
The path to a consolidated Air Force Research Laboratory began with the passage of the [[Goldwater–Nichols Act]] which was designed to streamline the use of resources by the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndu.edu/library/goldnich/S2295.pdf |title=S. 2295. Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 |date=8 April 1986 |access-date=14 July 2008 |author=United States Congress |publisher=99th Congress, Second Session |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910221052/http://www.ndu.edu/library/goldnich/S2295.pdf |archive-date=10 September 2006 }}</ref> In addition to this Act, the end of the [[Cold War]] began a period of budgetary and personnel reductions within the armed forces in preparation for a "stand-down" transition out of readiness for a global war with the | The path to a consolidated Air Force Research Laboratory began with the passage of the [[Goldwater–Nichols Act]] which was designed to streamline the use of resources by the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndu.edu/library/goldnich/S2295.pdf |title=S. 2295. Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 |date=8 April 1986 |access-date=14 July 2008 |author=United States Congress |publisher=99th Congress, Second Session |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910221052/http://www.ndu.edu/library/goldnich/S2295.pdf |archive-date=10 September 2006 }}</ref> In addition to this Act, the end of the [[Cold War]] began a period of budgetary and personnel reductions within the armed forces in preparation for a "stand-down" transition out of readiness for a global war with the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite book | last=Duffner | first=Robert | title=Science and technology: the making of the Air Force Research Laboratory | year=2000 | publisher=Air University Press | location=Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama | isbn=1-58566-085-X | pages=9 | url=http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil/Books/Duffner/Duffner.pdf | access-date=13 July 2008 | ref=Duffner00 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227163215/http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil/Books/Duffner/Duffner.pdf | archive-date=27 February 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Prior to 1990, the Air Force laboratory system spread research out into 13 different laboratories and the Rome Air Development Center which each reported up two separate chains of command: a product center for personnel, and the [[Air Force Systems Command]] Director of Science & Technology for budgetary purposes.<ref>[[#Duffner00|Duffner 2000]]: 18</ref> Bowing to the constraints of a reduced budget and personnel, the Air Force merged the existing research laboratories into four "superlabs" in December 1990.<ref>[[#Duffner00|Duffner 2000]]: 11</ref> During this same time period, the Air Force Systems Command and [[Air Force Logistics Command]] merged to form Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) in July 1992.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=0F5051FDF45145BF&p_docnum=1 | title=New Era Taking Off at Wright-Pat: Materiel Command Startup a Key to Realignment | access-date=20 July 2008 | last=Gaffney | first=Timothy R. | newspaper=Dayton Daily News}}</ref> | ||
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