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Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary: Difference between revisions

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Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary (view source)

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|OrganizationType=Independent Agencies (Sub-organization)
|OrganizationType=Independent Agencies (Sub-organization)
|Mission=The sanctuary protects and interprets the remnants of over 100 World War I-era wooden steamships, known as the "Ghost Fleet," while preserving the area's rich maritime, cultural, and natural history, and providing educational and recreational opportunities.
|Mission=The sanctuary protects and interprets the remnants of over 100 World War I-era wooden steamships, known as the "Ghost Fleet," while preserving the area's rich maritime, cultural, and natural history, and providing educational and recreational opportunities.
|ParentOrganization=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce
|ParentOrganization=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|TopOrganization=Department of Commerce
|OrganizationExecutive=Superintendent
|OrganizationExecutive=Superintendent
|Services=Historic Preservation; Education; Research; Recreational Activities like Kayaking; Habitat Conservation
|Services=Historic Preservation; Education; Research; Recreational Activities like Kayaking; Habitat Conservation
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{{Short description|Marine sanctuary in the Potomac River}}
{{Short description|Marine sanctuary in the Potomac River}}


The '''Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary'''<ref name="mallowsbay">{{Cite web |title=Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary |url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/mallows-potomac/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=sanctuaries.noaa.gov|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> is a [[National Marine Sanctuary]] in the [[United States]] located in the [[Potomac River]] in [[Charles County, Maryland]].<ref name="pressrelease20190708">{{Cite web |title=NOAA designates new national marine sanctuary in Maryland |url=https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/noaa-designates-new-national-marine-sanctuary-in-maryland |date=July 8, 2019 |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=noaa.gov|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> It is best known for the "Ghost Fleet," 118 historic [[shipwreck]]s in [[Mallows Bay]] in the sanctuary's northeast corner which is the largest shipwreck fleet in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref name="mallowsbay" /><ref name="chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay" /><ref name="conservancyvideo">{{Cite web |title=Mallows Bay-Potomac|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXaCyk_hjGk |access-date=December 30, 2016 |website=youtube.com| date=30 December 2016 |publisher=[[Chesapeake Conservancy]]}} (video)</ref> They are among more than 200 shipwrecks in the sanctuary, some of which date as far back as the [[American Revolutionary War]] and others to the American Civil War.<ref name="mallowsbay" /><ref name="pressrelease20190708" /><ref name="chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay" />
The '''Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary'''<ref name="mallowsbay">{{Cite web |title=Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary |url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/mallows-potomac/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=sanctuaries.noaa.gov|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> is a [[National Marine Sanctuary]] in the [[United States]] located in the [[Potomac River]] in [[Charles County, Maryland]].<ref name="pressrelease20190708">{{Cite web |title=NOAA designates new national marine sanctuary in Maryland |url=https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/noaa-designates-new-national-marine-sanctuary-in-maryland |date=July 8, 2019 |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=noaa.gov|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> It is best known for the "Ghost Fleet," 118 historic [[shipwreck]]s in [[Mallows Bay]] in the sanctuary's northeast corner which is the largest shipwreck fleet in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref name="mallowsbay" /><ref name="chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay" /><ref name="conservancyvideo">{{Cite web |title=Mallows Bay-Potomac|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXaCyk_hjGk |access-date=December 30, 2016 |website=youtube.com| date=30 December 2016 |publisher=[[Chesapeake Conservancy]]}} (video)</ref> They are among more than 200 shipwrecks in the sanctuary, some of which date as far back as the American Revolutionary War and others to the American Civil War.<ref name="mallowsbay" /><ref name="pressrelease20190708" /><ref name="chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay" />


In addition to shipwrecks, the sanctuary preserves historical sites related to [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], some of them as much as 12,000 years old, as well as a lengthy span of [[United States history]], including the [[American Revolutionary War]], the American Civil War, [[steamboat]] and [[steamship]] actvity during the [[Industrial Era]], and what was once an important Potomac River [[fishing industry]].<ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay>{{Cite web |title=Community Partners Celebrate Designation of Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary |url=https://www.chesapeakeconservancy.org/2019/07/08/community-partners-celebrate-designation-of-mallows-bay-potomac-river-national-marine-sanctuary/ |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=July 8, 2018 |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=chesapeakeconservancy.org|publisher=[[Chesapeake Conservancy]]}}</ref> It also protects sites dating as far back as the [[17th century]] related to [[African-American history]], as well as an [[Ecology|ecologically]] and [[Biology|biologically]] important area of the Potomac River and its Maryland shoreline that supports many [[species]] of plants and animals.<ref name=mallowsbay/>
In addition to shipwrecks, the sanctuary preserves historical sites related to [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], some of them as much as 12,000 years old, as well as a lengthy span of [[United States history]], including the American Revolutionary War, the American Civil War, [[steamboat]] and [[steamship]] actvity during the [[Industrial Era]], and what was once an important Potomac River [[fishing industry]].<ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay>{{Cite web |title=Community Partners Celebrate Designation of Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary |url=https://www.chesapeakeconservancy.org/2019/07/08/community-partners-celebrate-designation-of-mallows-bay-potomac-river-national-marine-sanctuary/ |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=July 8, 2018 |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=chesapeakeconservancy.org|publisher=[[Chesapeake Conservancy]]}}</ref> It also protects sites dating as far back as the [[17th century]] related to [[African-American history]], as well as an [[Ecology|ecologically]] and [[Biology|biologically]] important area of the Potomac River and its Maryland shoreline that supports many [[species]] of plants and animals.<ref name=mallowsbay/>


Designated on September 3, 2019,<ref>{{cite web |date=9 September 2019 |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/09/26/2019-20608/designation-of-mallows-bay-potomac-river-national-marine-sanctuary-notification-of-effective-date|title=Designation of Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary|website=www.federalregister.gov}}</ref><ref name=mallowsbayabout>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/mallows-potomac/about/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=sanctuaries.noaa.gov|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> the Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary was the 14th national marine sanctuary, the first in the [[Chesapeake Bay]] [[Drainage basin|watershed]],<ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/> and the first one designated since the [[Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] in 2000.<ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/>
Designated on September 3, 2019,<ref>{{cite web |date=9 September 2019 |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/09/26/2019-20608/designation-of-mallows-bay-potomac-river-national-marine-sanctuary-notification-of-effective-date|title=Designation of Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary|website=www.federalregister.gov}}</ref><ref name=mallowsbayabout>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/mallows-potomac/about/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=sanctuaries.noaa.gov|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> the Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary was the 14th national marine sanctuary, the first in the [[Chesapeake Bay]] [[Drainage basin|watershed]],<ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/> and the first one designated since the [[Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] in 2000.<ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/>
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[[File:Mallows Bay-Potomac River NMS shipwrecks in Mallows Bay.PNG|300px|thumb|A [[Kayaking|kayaker]] among [[shipwreck]]s in [[Mallows Bay]].]]
[[File:Mallows Bay-Potomac River NMS shipwrecks in Mallows Bay.PNG|300px|thumb|A [[Kayaking|kayaker]] among [[shipwreck]]s in [[Mallows Bay]].]]
[[File:Mallows Bay shipwreck kayak.PNG|thumb|300px|Shipwrecks and a [[kayak]] in the sanctuary.]]
[[File:Mallows Bay shipwreck kayak.PNG|thumb|300px|Shipwrecks and a [[kayak]] in the sanctuary.]]
The Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary includes more than 200 historic [[shipwreck]]s, some of them dating as far back as the [[American Revolutionary War]] {{nowrap|(1775–1773)}} and others to the American Civil War {{nowrap|(1861–1865).}}<ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/> However, it is best known for a group of 118 partially submerged shipwrecks nicknamed the "Ghost Fleet" located in Mallows Bay in the sanctuary's northeastern corner.<ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/><ref name=shipwrecks>{{Cite web |title=Shipwrecks |url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/mallows-potomac/shipwrecks/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=sanctuaries.noaa.gov|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> These wooden-[[Hull (ship)|hulled]] [[steamship]]s were among nearly 300 built at more than 40 [[shipyard]]s in 17 [[State (United States)|U.S. states]] by the [[United States Shipping Board]]'s [[Emergency Fleet Corporation]] between 1917 and 1919, intended for use in [[World War I]].<ref name=mallowsbay/><ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/><ref name=shipwrecks/> None of the ships saw action during the war, which ended before the last of them was completed.<ref name=mallowsbay/><ref name=shipwrecks/>   
The Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary includes more than 200 historic [[shipwreck]]s, some of them dating as far back as the American Revolutionary War {{nowrap|(1775–1773)}} and others to the American Civil War {{nowrap|(1861–1865).}}<ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/> However, it is best known for a group of 118 partially submerged shipwrecks nicknamed the "Ghost Fleet" located in Mallows Bay in the sanctuary's northeastern corner.<ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/><ref name=shipwrecks>{{Cite web |title=Shipwrecks |url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/mallows-potomac/shipwrecks/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=sanctuaries.noaa.gov|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> These wooden-[[Hull (ship)|hulled]] [[steamship]]s were among nearly 300 built at more than 40 [[shipyard]]s in 17 [[State (United States)|U.S. states]] by the [[United States Shipping Board]]'s [[Emergency Fleet Corporation]] between 1917 and 1919, intended for use in World War I.<ref name=mallowsbay/><ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=chesapeakeconservancyaboutmallowsbay/><ref name=shipwrecks/> None of the ships saw action during the war, which ended before the last of them was completed.<ref name=mallowsbay/><ref name=shipwrecks/>   


The [[Western Marine and Salvage Corporation]] of [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]], Virginia, bought most of the ships and [[anchor]]ed them in the Potomac River near Mallows Bay, bringing a few of them at a time up the river to Alexandria for [[Ship breaking|scrapping]] and to [[Marine salvage|salvage]] their [[steam engine]]s, [[boiler]]s, [[propeller]]s, and other metal parts for [[scrap metal]].<ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=shipwrecks/> On occasion the ships anchored near Mallows Bay while awaiting scrapping burned, broke loose, or otherwise became hazards to navigation, so authorities ordered the company to secure them.<ref name=shipwrecks/> The company responded by burning many of them to the [[waterline]], then floating them into Mallows Bay and [[scuttling]] them there.<ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=shipwrecks/> Western Marine and Salvage went [[Bankruptcy|bankrupt]] during the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]], and after that local communities took over the task of salvaging valuable materials from the wrecks.<ref name=shipwrecks/> After the United States entered [[World War II]] in December 1941, [[Bethlehem Steel]] began a third and final round of salvage that lasted for two years.<ref name=shipwrecks/> When this was completed, 118 shipwrecks remained in shallow water in Mallows Bay, constituting the "Ghost Fleet,"<ref name=shipwrecks/> the largest shipwreck fleet in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref name=conservancyvideo/><ref name=chesapeakeconservancydiscovermallowsbay/>
The [[Western Marine and Salvage Corporation]] of [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]], Virginia, bought most of the ships and [[anchor]]ed them in the Potomac River near Mallows Bay, bringing a few of them at a time up the river to Alexandria for [[Ship breaking|scrapping]] and to [[Marine salvage|salvage]] their [[steam engine]]s, [[boiler]]s, [[propeller]]s, and other metal parts for [[scrap metal]].<ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=shipwrecks/> On occasion the ships anchored near Mallows Bay while awaiting scrapping burned, broke loose, or otherwise became hazards to navigation, so authorities ordered the company to secure them.<ref name=shipwrecks/> The company responded by burning many of them to the [[waterline]], then floating them into Mallows Bay and [[scuttling]] them there.<ref name=pressrelease20190708/><ref name=shipwrecks/> Western Marine and Salvage went [[Bankruptcy|bankrupt]] during the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]], and after that local communities took over the task of salvaging valuable materials from the wrecks.<ref name=shipwrecks/> After the United States entered [[World War II]] in December 1941, [[Bethlehem Steel]] began a third and final round of salvage that lasted for two years.<ref name=shipwrecks/> When this was completed, 118 shipwrecks remained in shallow water in Mallows Bay, constituting the "Ghost Fleet,"<ref name=shipwrecks/> the largest shipwreck fleet in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref name=conservancyvideo/><ref name=chesapeakeconservancydiscovermallowsbay/>
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