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Cape Canaveral Space Force Station: Difference between revisions

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Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (view source)

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{{short description|Military rocket launch site in Florida}}
{{short description|Military rocket launch site in Florida}}
{{Redirect|CCAFS|Cape Cod|Cape Cod Space Force Station}}
{{Distinguish|Kennedy Space Center}}
{{Distinguish|Kennedy Space Center}}
<!--Update: SLC-17 has been deactivated, SLC-40 is in use for Falcon, status of SLC-46 and 47 needs updating.-->
 
{{Use American English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
| ensign =
| ensign_size =
| native_name =
| partof = [[Patrick Space Force Base]]
| location =
| nearest_town = [[Cocoa Beach, Florida]]
| country = the [[United States]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| image2 = [[File:Space Launch Delta 45 emblem.png|100px]]
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Emblem of [[Space Launch Delta 45]]
| type = [[U.S. Space Force]] Station
| coordinates = {{coord|28|29|20|N|80|34|40|W|display=it}}
| gridref =
| image_map =
| image_mapsize =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_label = Cape Canaveral SFS
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_marksize =
| ownership = [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
| operator = [[United States Space Force]]
| controlledby = [[Space Launch Delta 45]]
| open_to_public = <!-- for out of use sites/sites with museums etc -->
| site_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| site_other = <!-- for other sorts of facilities – radar types etc -->
| site_area = {{convert|1325|acre|km2|0}}<ref name="nris" />
| code = <!--facility/installation code, applies to US -->
| built = {{Start date|1949}} (as the Joint Long Range Proving Ground)
| used = 1949 – present <!--{{End date|1946}} -->
| builder =
| materials =
| height = <!-- height of tallest part, not above sea level -->
| length = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
| fate = <!--changed from demolished parameter-->
| condition = Operational
| battles =
| events =
| current_commander = <!-- current commander -->
| past_commanders = <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
| garrison = [[Space Launch Delta 45]]
| occupants = <!-- squadrons only -->
| designations =
| website = {{URL|https://www.patrick.spaceforce.mil/}}
<!-- begin airfield information  -->
| IATA =
| ICAO = KXMR
| FAA = XMR
| TC =
| LID =
| GPS =
| WMO =
| elevation = {{Convert|3|m|0}}
| r1-number = 13/31
| r1-length = {{Convert|3048 |m|0}}
| r1-surface =
| h1-number =
| h1-length = <!-- {{Convert| |m|0}} -->
| h1-surface =
| airfield_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| airfield_other = <!-- for other sorts of airfield facilities -->
<!--  end airfield information  -->
| footnotes = '''Source:''' [[Federal Aviation Administration]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aeronav.faa.gov/d-tpp/1910/05157ad.pdf#nameddest=(XMR) |title=Cape Canaveral AFS Skid Strip (KXMR) |date=September 12, 2019 |website=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=September 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919064215/https://aeronav.faa.gov/d-tpp/1910/05157AD.PDF#nameddest=(XMR)|archive-date=September 19, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Infobox NRHP
| embed                = yes
| nrhp_type            = nhld
| nocat                = yes
| caption              =
| location            = [[Cape Canaveral]], Florida, United States
| coordinates          =
| area                =
| built                = 1950+<ref name="fhtic">{{Cite web |url=http://www.flheritage.com/services/sites/fht/record_t.cfm?ID=74&type=c&index=5 |title=Cape Canaveral Air Force Station |date=September 23, 2007 |work=Florida Heritage Tourism Interactive Catalog |publisher=Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214025642/http://www.flheritage.com/services/sites/fht/record_t.cfm?ID=74&type=c&index=5 |archive-date=December 14, 2007}}</ref>
| architect            =
| architecture        =
| designated_nrhp_type = April 16, 1984<ref name=nhl>[http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1885&ResourceType=District Cape Canaveral Air Force Station] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113235009/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1885&ResourceType=District |date=January 13, 2009 }} at [http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl National Historic Landmarks Program].</ref>
| added                = April 16, 1984
| refnum              = 84003872<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a|refnum=84003872}}</ref>
| visitation_num      = Not open to the public
| visitation_year      =
}}
|image_size=280}}
{{United States space program sidebar}}
{{United States space program sidebar}}


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== History ==
== History ==
The CCSFS area had been used by the United States government to test missiles since 1949, when President [[Harry S. Truman]] established the '''Joint Long Range Proving Ground''' at Cape Canaveral.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patrick.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4514 |title=Factsheets : Evolution of the 45th Space Wing|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613181155/http://www.patrick.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4514|archive-date=June 13, 2011}}</ref> The location was among the best in the continental United States for this purpose, as it allowed for launches out over the Atlantic Ocean, and is closer to the [[equator]] than most other parts of the United States, allowing rockets to get a boost from the Earth's rotation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rowan |first1=Karen |title=Why Are Rockets Launched from Florida? |website=[[Space.com]] |url=https://www.space.com/8811-rockets-launched-florida.html |access-date=April 27, 2022 |date=July 23, 2010}}</ref>
The CCSFS area had been used by the United States government to test missiles since 1949, when President Harry S. Truman established the '''Joint Long Range Proving Ground''' at Cape Canaveral.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patrick.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4514 |title=Factsheets : Evolution of the 45th Space Wing|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613181155/http://www.patrick.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4514|archive-date=June 13, 2011}}</ref> The location was among the best in the continental United States for this purpose, as it allowed for launches out over the Atlantic Ocean, and is closer to the [[equator]] than most other parts of the United States, allowing rockets to get a boost from the Earth's rotation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rowan |first1=Karen |title=Why Are Rockets Launched from Florida? |website=[[Space.com]] |url=https://www.space.com/8811-rockets-launched-florida.html |access-date=April 27, 2022 |date=July 23, 2010}}</ref>


=== Air Force proving ground ===
=== Air Force proving ground ===
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=== Name changes ===
=== Name changes ===
On November 29, 1963, following the death of President [[John F. Kennedy]], his successor [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] issued [[s:Executive Order 11129|Executive Order 11129]] renaming both NASA's [[Kennedy Space Center|Merritt Island Launch Operations Center]] and "the facilities of Station No. 1 of the Atlantic Missile Range" (a reference to the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex) as the "John F. Kennedy Space Center". He had also convinced Governor [[C. Farris Bryant]] (D-Fla.) to change the name of [[Cape Canaveral]] to ''Cape Kennedy''.  This resulted in some confusion in public perception, which [[conflation|conflated]] the two. [[List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA|NASA Administrator]] [[James E. Webb]] clarified this by issuing a directive stating the ''Kennedy Space Center'' name applied only to Merritt Island, while the Air Force issued a general order renaming the Air Force launch site ''Cape Kennedy Air Force Station''.<ref name="Moonport_appendixb">{{cite book |last1=Benson |first1=Charles D. |last2=Faherty |first2=William B. |title=Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations |publisher=NASA |series=History Series |volume=SP-4204 |date=August 1977 |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/contents.html |chapter=Chapter 7: The Launch Directorate Becomes an Operational Center – Kennedy's Last Visit|chapter-url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/ch7-7.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041106133417/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/ch7-7.html|archive-date=November 6, 2004}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> This name was used through the [[Project Gemini]] and early [[Apollo program]].
On November 29, 1963, following the death of President [[John F. Kennedy]], his successor Lyndon B. Johnson issued [[s:Executive Order 11129|Executive Order 11129]] renaming both NASA's [[Kennedy Space Center|Merritt Island Launch Operations Center]] and "the facilities of Station No. 1 of the Atlantic Missile Range" (a reference to the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex) as the "John F. Kennedy Space Center". He had also convinced Governor [[C. Farris Bryant]] (D-Fla.) to change the name of [[Cape Canaveral]] to ''Cape Kennedy''.  This resulted in some confusion in public perception, which [[conflation|conflated]] the two. [[List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA|NASA Administrator]] [[James E. Webb]] clarified this by issuing a directive stating the ''Kennedy Space Center'' name applied only to Merritt Island, while the Air Force issued a general order renaming the Air Force launch site ''Cape Kennedy Air Force Station''.<ref name="Moonport_appendixb">{{cite book |last1=Benson |first1=Charles D. |last2=Faherty |first2=William B. |title=Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations |publisher=NASA |series=History Series |volume=SP-4204 |date=August 1977 |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/contents.html |chapter=Chapter 7: The Launch Directorate Becomes an Operational Center – Kennedy's Last Visit|chapter-url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/ch7-7.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041106133417/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/ch7-7.html|archive-date=November 6, 2004}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> This name was used through the [[Project Gemini]] and early [[Apollo program]].


However, the geographical name change proved to be unpopular, owing to the historical longevity of Cape Canaveral (one of the oldest place-names in the United States, dating to the early 1500s). In 1973 and 1974 respectively, both the geographical and the Air Force Station Cape names were reverted to Canaveral after the [[Florida legislature]] passed a bill changing the name back that was signed into law by Florida governor [[Reubin Askew]] (D-Fla.).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spaceline.org/capehistory/3a.html |title=History of Cape Canaveral 1959–Present|access-date=August 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829045427/http://www.spaceline.org/capehistory/3a.html|archive-date=August 29, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:304993 |title=GNIS Detail – Cape Canaveral |website=geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=March 7, 2018}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
However, the geographical name change proved to be unpopular, owing to the historical longevity of Cape Canaveral (one of the oldest place-names in the United States, dating to the early 1500s). In 1973 and 1974 respectively, both the geographical and the Air Force Station Cape names were reverted to Canaveral after the [[Florida legislature]] passed a bill changing the name back that was signed into law by Florida governor [[Reubin Askew]] (D-Fla.).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spaceline.org/capehistory/3a.html |title=History of Cape Canaveral 1959–Present|access-date=August 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829045427/http://www.spaceline.org/capehistory/3a.html|archive-date=August 29, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:304993 |title=GNIS Detail – Cape Canaveral |website=geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=March 7, 2018}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
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