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North Carolina: Difference between revisions
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The earliest evidence of human occupation in North Carolina dates back 10,000 years, found at the [[Hardaway Site]]. North Carolina was inhabited by [[Carolina Algonquian language|Carolina Algonquian]], [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]], and [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a [[Crown colony|royal colony]] in 1729 and was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]]. The [[Halifax Resolves]] resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the [[American Revolution]].<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/mocr/halifax-resolves.htm#:~:text=The%20Fourth%20Provincial%20Congress,Resolves%20on%20April%2012%2C%201776. The Halifax Resolves and the Declaration of Independence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502231800/https://www.nps.gov/mocr/halifax-resolves.htm#:~:text=The%20Fourth%20Provincial%20Congress,Resolves%20on%20April%2012%2C%201776. |date=May 2, 2021 }}. ''National Park Service''. Retrieved May 2, 2021.</ref> | The earliest evidence of human occupation in North Carolina dates back 10,000 years, found at the [[Hardaway Site]]. North Carolina was inhabited by [[Carolina Algonquian language|Carolina Algonquian]], [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]], and [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a [[Crown colony|royal colony]] in 1729 and was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]]. The [[Halifax Resolves]] resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the [[American Revolution]].<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/mocr/halifax-resolves.htm#:~:text=The%20Fourth%20Provincial%20Congress,Resolves%20on%20April%2012%2C%201776. The Halifax Resolves and the Declaration of Independence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502231800/https://www.nps.gov/mocr/halifax-resolves.htm#:~:text=The%20Fourth%20Provincial%20Congress,Resolves%20on%20April%2012%2C%201776. |date=May 2, 2021 }}. ''National Park Service''. Retrieved May 2, 2021.</ref> | ||
On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States|United States Constitution]]. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina reluctantly{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} declared its [[Secession in the United States|secession]] from the | On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States|United States Constitution]]. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina reluctantly{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} declared its [[Secession in the United States|secession]] from the Union on May 20, 1861, becoming the tenth of eleven states to join the [[Confederate States of America]]. Following the Civil War, the state was restored to the Union on July 4, 1868.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richter|first=William Lee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fa2_G9yaX38C |title=The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction |date=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6336-1 |location=Lanham |oclc=435767707}}</ref> On December 17, 1903, [[Wright brothers|Orville and Wilbur Wright]] successfully piloted the world's first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, [[Aircraft|heavier-than-air aircraft]] at [[Kitty Hawk, North Carolina|Kitty Hawk]] in North Carolina's [[Outer Banks]]. North Carolina often uses the slogan "First in Flight" on state [[Vehicle registration plate|license plates]] to commemorate this achievement, alongside a newer alternative design bearing the slogan "First in Freedom" in reference to the [[Mecklenburg Declaration]] and Halifax Resolves. | ||
North Carolina is defined by a wide range of elevations and landscapes. From west to east, North Carolina's elevation descends from the [[Appalachian Mountains]] to the [[Piedmont (United States)|Piedmont]] and [[Atlantic coastal plain]]. North Carolina's [[Mount Mitchell]] at {{Convert|6684|ft|m|abbr=on|sp=us|sigfig=4}} is the highest point in North America east of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mount Mitchell State Park |url=http://ncparks.gov/Visit/parks/momi/history.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120185237/http://www.ncparks.gov/Visit/parks/momi/history.php |archive-date=November 20, 2010 |access-date=November 7, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most of the state falls in the [[humid subtropical climate]] zone; however, the western, mountainous part of the state has a [[Oceanic climate|subtropical highland climate]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Western North Carolina Weather and Climate Information |url=https://www.hikewnc.info/areainfo/weather-and-climate |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=www.hikewnc.info |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922233252/https://www.hikewnc.info/areainfo/weather-and-climate |url-status=live }}</ref> | North Carolina is defined by a wide range of elevations and landscapes. From west to east, North Carolina's elevation descends from the [[Appalachian Mountains]] to the [[Piedmont (United States)|Piedmont]] and [[Atlantic coastal plain]]. North Carolina's [[Mount Mitchell]] at {{Convert|6684|ft|m|abbr=on|sp=us|sigfig=4}} is the highest point in North America east of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mount Mitchell State Park |url=http://ncparks.gov/Visit/parks/momi/history.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120185237/http://www.ncparks.gov/Visit/parks/momi/history.php |archive-date=November 20, 2010 |access-date=November 7, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most of the state falls in the [[humid subtropical climate]] zone; however, the western, mountainous part of the state has a [[Oceanic climate|subtropical highland climate]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Western North Carolina Weather and Climate Information |url=https://www.hikewnc.info/areainfo/weather-and-climate |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=www.hikewnc.info |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922233252/https://www.hikewnc.info/areainfo/weather-and-climate |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
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The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private [[Henry Lawson Wyatt|Henry Wyatt]] from North Carolina, in the [[Battle of Big Bethel]] in June 1861. At the [[Battle of Gettysburg]] in July 1863, the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in [[Pickett's Charge|Pickett/Pettigrew's Charge]] and advanced the farthest into Union lines of any Confederate regiment. During the [[Battle of Chickamauga]], the 58th North Carolina Regiment advanced farther than any other regiment on Snodgrass Hill to push back the remaining Union forces from the battlefield. At [[Appomattox Court House National Historical Park|Appomattox Court House]] in Virginia in April 1865, the 75th North Carolina Regiment, a cavalry unit, fired the last shots of the Confederate [[Army of Northern Virginia]] in the Civil War. The phrase "First at Bethel, Farthest at Gettysburg and Chickamauga, and Last at Appomattox", later became used through much of the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First at Bethel, Farthest to the Front at Gettysburg and Chickamauga, and Last at Appomattox |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/first-bethel-farthest-front-gettysb#:~:text=%27%22First%20at%20Bethel,%20Farthest,use%20as%20early%20as%201901. |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=NCpedia |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922233301/https://www.ncpedia.org/first-bethel-farthest-front-gettysb#:~:text=%27%22First%20at%20Bethel,%20Farthest,use%20as%20early%20as%201901. |url-status=live }}</ref> | The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private [[Henry Lawson Wyatt|Henry Wyatt]] from North Carolina, in the [[Battle of Big Bethel]] in June 1861. At the [[Battle of Gettysburg]] in July 1863, the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in [[Pickett's Charge|Pickett/Pettigrew's Charge]] and advanced the farthest into Union lines of any Confederate regiment. During the [[Battle of Chickamauga]], the 58th North Carolina Regiment advanced farther than any other regiment on Snodgrass Hill to push back the remaining Union forces from the battlefield. At [[Appomattox Court House National Historical Park|Appomattox Court House]] in Virginia in April 1865, the 75th North Carolina Regiment, a cavalry unit, fired the last shots of the Confederate [[Army of Northern Virginia]] in the Civil War. The phrase "First at Bethel, Farthest at Gettysburg and Chickamauga, and Last at Appomattox", later became used through much of the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First at Bethel, Farthest to the Front at Gettysburg and Chickamauga, and Last at Appomattox |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/first-bethel-farthest-front-gettysb#:~:text=%27%22First%20at%20Bethel,%20Farthest,use%20as%20early%20as%201901. |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=NCpedia |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922233301/https://www.ncpedia.org/first-bethel-farthest-front-gettysb#:~:text=%27%22First%20at%20Bethel,%20Farthest,use%20as%20early%20as%201901. |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
After secession, some North Carolinians refused to support the Confederacy. Some of the yeoman farmers chiefly in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region remained neutral during the Civil War, with others covertly supporting the | After secession, some North Carolinians refused to support the Confederacy. Some of the yeoman farmers chiefly in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region remained neutral during the Civil War, with others covertly supporting the Union cause during the conflict.<ref>Bochna, Allie. (2017). [https://civilwar.vt.edu/the-secret-societies-of-the-south-southern-unionist-societies-during-the-civil-war/ The Secret Societies of the South: Southern Unionist Societies During the Civil War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412005114/https://civilwar.vt.edu/the-secret-societies-of-the-south-southern-unionist-societies-during-the-civil-war/ |date=April 12, 2021 }}. ''Virginia Center for Civil War Studies''. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</ref> Approximately [[List of North Carolina Union Civil War units|15,000 North Carolinians]] (both black and white) from across the state enlisted in the [[Union Army]]. Numerous slaves also escaped to Union lines, where they became essentially free. | ||
===Reconstruction era through late 19th century=== | ===Reconstruction era through late 19th century=== | ||