Space Development Agency: Difference between revisions

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 The Space Development Agency proposed the '''National Defense Space Architecture'''<!-- bolded per [[WP:MOSBOLD]] as a redirect target -->,<ref name= aboutUsSDA >[https://www.sda.mil/national-defense-space-architecture-ndsa-systems-technologies-and-emerging-capabilities-stec/ (2022) National Defense Space Architecture (NDSA) Systems, Technologies, and Emerging Capabilities (STEC)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106034633/https://www.sda.mil/national-defense-space-architecture-ndsa-systems-technologies-and-emerging-capabilities-stec/ |date=2022-11-06 }} About Us</ref><ref name= magnuson2019 /><ref name= oislCapabilities >Nathan Strout [https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2021/07/01/the-space-development-agency-now-has-demo-satellites-on-orbit-heres-what-theyll-do/ (1 Jul 2021) The Space Development Agency now has demo satellites on orbit. Here’s what they’ll do.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702174010/https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2021/07/01/the-space-development-agency-now-has-demo-satellites-on-orbit-heres-what-theyll-do/ |date=2 July 2021 }} Transporter-2: Mandrake 2, the Laser Interconnect and Networking Communications System (LINCS), and the Prototype On-orbit Experimental Testbed (POET). Yam-3 for data fusion. Pitboss for Autonomous mission management.</ref> later renamed the '''Proliferated Warfighting Space Architecture'''.{{efn|name= pwsa23Jan}} It  advances a network of global orbiters composed of layers with different military capabilities such as communications, surveillance, global navigation, battle management, deterrence, and missile defense. The [[satellite constellation]] is to be interconnected by [[free-space optical communication|free-space optical laser terminals]]<ref name= mynaricMk3 >Sandra Erwin [https://spacenews.com/mynaric-optical-terminals-selected-for-northorp-grumman-satellites-pass-key-tests/ (28 Sep 2023) Mynaric optical terminals selected for Northrop Grumman satellites pass key tests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223223406/https://spacenews.com/mynaric-optical-terminals-selected-for-northorp-grumman-satellites-pass-key-tests/ |date=23 February 2024 }} T1TL interop with CACI</ref> in a secure command and control [[optical mesh network]].<ref name= machi >{{cite web|last=Machi|first=Vivienne|url=https://www.sda.mil/us-military-places-a-bet-on-leo-for-space-security/|title=US Military Places a Bet on LEO for Space Security|publisher=Space Development Agency|date=1 June 2021|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205053935/https://www.sda.mil/us-military-places-a-bet-on-leo-for-space-security/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Satellites are to be low cost and "proliferated" in low Earth orbit. New commercial technology such as [[reusable launch system]]s have reduced deployment costs<ref name= spaceMissileDefenseCosts >{{cite web|url=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56960/|title=Costs of Implementing Recommendations of the 2019 Missile Defense Review|publisher=Congressional Budget Office|date=1 January 2021|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205053935/https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56960|url-status=live}}</ref> and new mass-produced commercial satellites offer less "juicy" targets for [[anti-satellite weapon]]s by being inexpensive and potentially hard to distinguish from other commercial satellites.<ref name= crsIF11623 /> Development is to follow the [[spiral model]],{{efn|name=shyuMission}}{{efn|name=t0demo}} incorporating learning from previous iterations and launching new satellite replacements regularly as the useful lifetime of each is relatively short. The SDA expects to field and maintain a constellation of at least 1,000 satellites on orbit by 2026.<ref name= sdaCouldHaveDied />
-The SDA has mostly avoided flaws that plagued earlier proliferated missile defense programs such as [[Brilliant Pebbles]]. The [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]] was a major impediment in the past, as these systems were deemed non-compliant with the treaty by Congress.<ref name=riseAndFall/> However, [[George W. Bush]] withdrew the United States from the treaty in 2002, eliminating this barrier.<ref>{{cite web|title=The U.S. Exit From the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Has Fueled a New Arms Race|author=James M. Acton|date=13 December 2021|access-date=13 December 2021|publisher=Carnegie Endowment|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/12/13/u.s.-exit-from-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty-has-fueled-new-arms-race-pub-85977|archive-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213192527/https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/12/13/u.s.-exit-from-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty-has-fueled-new-arms-race-pub-85977|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the years, launch and manufacturing costs have been greatly reduced. Decades after the [[Strategic Defense Initiative Organization|SDIO]]’s [[McDonnell Douglas DC-X|DC-X]] failed there are now commercial [[reusable launch system|reusable launch vehicles]] such as [[SpaceX]]'s [[Falcon 9]] rocket.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gannon|first=Megan|url=https://www.space.com/22432-reusable-dc-x-rocket-space-hall-fame.html|title=DC-X Rocket Remembered: 'Sputnik of Commercial Space' Joins Space Hall of Fame|publisher=Space.com|date=19 August 2013|access-date=1 January 2023|archive-date=3 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103080041/https://www.space.com/22432-reusable-dc-x-rocket-space-hall-fame.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile [[mass manufacturing]] as with [[Starlink]] has proven the potential for lower satellite build costs.<ref name= spaceMissileDefenseCosts/>
+The SDA has mostly avoided flaws that plagued earlier proliferated missile defense programs such as [[Brilliant Pebbles]]. The [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]] was a major impediment in the past, as these systems were deemed non-compliant with the treaty by Congress.<ref name=riseAndFall/> However, George W. Bush withdrew the United States from the treaty in 2002, eliminating this barrier.<ref>{{cite web|title=The U.S. Exit From the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Has Fueled a New Arms Race|author=James M. Acton|date=13 December 2021|access-date=13 December 2021|publisher=Carnegie Endowment|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/12/13/u.s.-exit-from-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty-has-fueled-new-arms-race-pub-85977|archive-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213192527/https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/12/13/u.s.-exit-from-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty-has-fueled-new-arms-race-pub-85977|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the years, launch and manufacturing costs have been greatly reduced. Decades after the [[Strategic Defense Initiative Organization|SDIO]]’s [[McDonnell Douglas DC-X|DC-X]] failed there are now commercial [[reusable launch system|reusable launch vehicles]] such as [[SpaceX]]'s [[Falcon 9]] rocket.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gannon|first=Megan|url=https://www.space.com/22432-reusable-dc-x-rocket-space-hall-fame.html|title=DC-X Rocket Remembered: 'Sputnik of Commercial Space' Joins Space Hall of Fame|publisher=Space.com|date=19 August 2013|access-date=1 January 2023|archive-date=3 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103080041/https://www.space.com/22432-reusable-dc-x-rocket-space-hall-fame.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile [[mass manufacturing]] as with [[Starlink]] has proven the potential for lower satellite build costs.<ref name= spaceMissileDefenseCosts/>
 Political and administrative opposition to SDA came from 24th Secretary of the Air Force [[Heather Wilson]] who argued that "launching hundreds of cheap satellites into theater as a substitute for the complex architectures where we provide key capabilities to the warfighter will result in failure on America's worst day if relied upon alone."<ref name= sdaCouldHaveDied /> Members of Congress also gave concerns that SDA would drain resources and jobs from Air Force and questioned why DoD had to create a separate organization to circumvent its own procurement process. Despite the pushback, the Pentagon did not require congressional authorization to create the SDA, and Wilson was overruled by [[Patrick M. Shanahan]], who became acting defense secretary by appointment of [[Donald Trump]]. He placed the new agency under the authority and control of [[Michael D. Griffin#Career|Mike Griffin]] who was also appointed as [[Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering|Under Secretary of Defense (R&E)]].<ref name="griffin" />

Space Development Agency: Difference between revisions

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