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Endangered Species Act of 1973: Difference between revisions
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3. Within another year, a final determination (a final rule) must be made on whether to list the species. The final rule time limit may be extended for 6 months and listings may be grouped together according to similar geography, threats, habitat or taxonomy. | 3. Within another year, a final determination (a final rule) must be made on whether to list the species. The final rule time limit may be extended for 6 months and listings may be grouped together according to similar geography, threats, habitat or taxonomy. | ||
The annual rate of listing (i.e., classifying species as "threatened" or "endangered") increased steadily from the [[Gerald Ford|Ford]] administration (47 listings, 15 per year) through [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] (126 listings, 32 per year), [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] (255 listings, 32 per year), [[George H. W. Bush]] (231 listings, 58 per year), and [[William Clinton|Clinton]] (521 listings, 65 per year) before decline to its lowest rate under | The annual rate of listing (i.e., classifying species as "threatened" or "endangered") increased steadily from the [[Gerald Ford|Ford]] administration (47 listings, 15 per year) through [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] (126 listings, 32 per year), [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] (255 listings, 32 per year), [[George H. W. Bush]] (231 listings, 58 per year), and [[William Clinton|Clinton]] (521 listings, 65 per year) before decline to its lowest rate under George W. Bush (60 listings, 8 per year as of 5/24/08).<ref name=GreenwaldSuckling2006>{{harvc| first=Noah| last=Greenwald| first2=K.| last2=Suckling| first3=M.| last3=Taylor| year=2006| chapter=Factors affecting the rate and taxonomy of species listings under the U.S. Endangered Species Act| in1=Goble| in2=Scott| in3=Davis| pages=50–67}}</ref> | ||
The rate of listing is strongly correlated with citizen involvement and mandatory timelines: as agency discretion decreases and citizen involvement increases (i.e. filing of petitions and lawsuits) the rate of listing increases.<ref name=GreenwaldSuckling2006/> Citizen involvement has been shown to identify species not moving through the process efficiently,<ref name=Puckett_etal2016/> and identify more imperiled species.<ref name="BrosiBiber2012">{{cite journal|last1=Brosi|first1=Berry J.|last2=Biber|first2=Eric G. N.|title=Citizen Involvement in the U.S. Endangered Species Act|journal=Science|date=2012|volume=337 |issue=6096|pages=802–803|pmid=22903999|s2cid=33599354 |doi=10.1126/science.1220660 |bibcode=2012Sci...337..802B}}</ref> The longer species are listed, the more likely they are to be classified as recovering by the FWS.<ref name=TaylorSuckling2005>{{cite journal |author1=Taylor, M. T. |author2=K. S. Suckling |author3=R. R. Rachlinski |name-list-style=amp| title=The effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act: A quantitative analysis |journal=BioScience |year=2005 |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=360–367 |url=http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/programs/policy/ch/sub1.html |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0360:TEOTES]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0006-3568| doi-access=free}}</ref> | The rate of listing is strongly correlated with citizen involvement and mandatory timelines: as agency discretion decreases and citizen involvement increases (i.e. filing of petitions and lawsuits) the rate of listing increases.<ref name=GreenwaldSuckling2006/> Citizen involvement has been shown to identify species not moving through the process efficiently,<ref name=Puckett_etal2016/> and identify more imperiled species.<ref name="BrosiBiber2012">{{cite journal|last1=Brosi|first1=Berry J.|last2=Biber|first2=Eric G. N.|title=Citizen Involvement in the U.S. Endangered Species Act|journal=Science|date=2012|volume=337 |issue=6096|pages=802–803|pmid=22903999|s2cid=33599354 |doi=10.1126/science.1220660 |bibcode=2012Sci...337..802B}}</ref> The longer species are listed, the more likely they are to be classified as recovering by the FWS.<ref name=TaylorSuckling2005>{{cite journal |author1=Taylor, M. T. |author2=K. S. Suckling |author3=R. R. Rachlinski |name-list-style=amp| title=The effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act: A quantitative analysis |journal=BioScience |year=2005 |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=360–367 |url=http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/programs/policy/ch/sub1.html |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0360:TEOTES]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0006-3568| doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||