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Massachusetts: Difference between revisions
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[[File:East_South_East_View,_Mt_Sugarloaf,_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg|thumb|A portion of the north-central [[Pioneer Valley]] in [[South Deerfield, Massachusetts|South Deerfield]]]] | [[File:East_South_East_View,_Mt_Sugarloaf,_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg|thumb|A portion of the north-central [[Pioneer Valley]] in [[South Deerfield, Massachusetts|South Deerfield]]]] | ||
Massachusetts is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|seventh-smallest state in the United States]].<ref name="z693">{{cite book | last=Hogan | first=Sean O. | title=The Judicial Branch of State Government | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | page=313 | publication-place=Santa Barbara, Calif. | date=2006-08-23 | isbn=978-1-85109-756-2 }}</ref> It is located in the [[New England]] region of the [[Northeastern United States]].<ref name="z980">{{cite book | last=Werner | first=Robert G. | title=Freshwater Fishes of the Northeastern United States | publisher=Syracuse University Press | date=2015-02-25 | isbn=978-0-8156-3057-9 | page=5}}</ref> It has an area of {{convert|10555|sqmi|km2}},<ref name="b926">{{cite web | last=Barnes | first=Susan B. | title=Denali National Park: 10 tips to make the most of your visit | website= | Massachusetts is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|seventh-smallest state in the United States]].<ref name="z693">{{cite book | last=Hogan | first=Sean O. | title=The Judicial Branch of State Government | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | page=313 | publication-place=Santa Barbara, Calif. | date=2006-08-23 | isbn=978-1-85109-756-2 }}</ref> It is located in the [[New England]] region of the [[Northeastern United States]].<ref name="z980">{{cite book | last=Werner | first=Robert G. | title=Freshwater Fishes of the Northeastern United States | publisher=Syracuse University Press | date=2015-02-25 | isbn=978-0-8156-3057-9 | page=5}}</ref> It has an area of {{convert|10555|sqmi|km2}},<ref name="b926">{{cite web | last=Barnes | first=Susan B. | title=Denali National Park: 10 tips to make the most of your visit | website=USA Today| date=September 19, 2016 | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/experience/america/national-parks/2016/09/19/denali-national-park-tips-visit/90516692/ | access-date=September 30, 2024}}</ref> 25.7% of which is water.<ref name="o079">{{cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Yaxiong | last2=Gopal | first2=Sucharita | title=Geographically Weighted Regression Models in Estimating Median Home Prices in Towns of Massachusetts Based on an Urban Sustainability Framework | journal=Sustainability | publisher=MDPI AG | volume=10 | issue=4 | date=March 30, 2018 | issn=2071-1050 | doi=10.3390/su10041026 | doi-access=free | page=1026}}</ref> Several large bays distinctly shape its coast, giving it the nickname "the Bay State".<ref name="z323">{{cite web | last=Lambert | first=Bryan | title=The Bay State's best beach towns: New ranking names the Top 25 places to summer in Massachusetts | website=[[Yahoo! News]] | date=June 29, 2023 | url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/bay-state-best-beach-towns-160402103.html | access-date=September 30, 2024}}</ref> Boston is its largest city.<ref name="r858">{{cite web | title=About Boston – Boston Municipal Research Bureau | publisher=[[Boston Municipal Research Bureau]] | date=September 27, 2024 | url=https://www.bmrb.org/about-boston/ | access-date=September 30, 2024}}</ref> | ||
Despite its small size, Massachusetts features numerous [[topography|topographically]] distinctive regions. The large [[coastal plain]] of the Atlantic Ocean in the eastern section of the state contains [[Greater Boston]], along with most of the state's population,<ref name=GreaterBoston /> as well as the distinctive [[Cape Cod]] [[peninsula]]. To the west lies the hilly, rural region of [[Central Massachusetts]], and beyond that, the [[Connecticut River|Connecticut River Valley]]. Along the western border of [[Western Massachusetts]] lies the highest elevated part of the state, [[the Berkshires]], forming a portion of the northern terminus of the [[Appalachian Mountains]].{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} | Despite its small size, Massachusetts features numerous [[topography|topographically]] distinctive regions. The large [[coastal plain]] of the Atlantic Ocean in the eastern section of the state contains [[Greater Boston]], along with most of the state's population,<ref name=GreaterBoston /> as well as the distinctive [[Cape Cod]] [[peninsula]]. To the west lies the hilly, rural region of [[Central Massachusetts]], and beyond that, the [[Connecticut River|Connecticut River Valley]]. Along the western border of [[Western Massachusetts]] lies the highest elevated part of the state, [[the Berkshires]], forming a portion of the northern terminus of the [[Appalachian Mountains]].{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} | ||
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Like the rest of the [[Northeastern United States]], the population of Massachusetts has continued to grow in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Massachusetts is the fastest-growing state in [[New England]] and the 25th fastest-growing state in the United States.<ref name=GlobeTopgrowth>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Joshua |title=Mass. population growth is tops in N.E |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/01/01/massachusetts-population-growth-rate-ahead-other-new-england-states-but-still-slow/r7PLcdbKnD9HZY3fm97XGP/story.html |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=April 26, 2015}}</ref> Population growth has been driven primarily by the relatively high quality of life and a large higher education system.<ref name=GlobeTopgrowth/> | Like the rest of the [[Northeastern United States]], the population of Massachusetts has continued to grow in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Massachusetts is the fastest-growing state in [[New England]] and the 25th fastest-growing state in the United States.<ref name=GlobeTopgrowth>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Joshua |title=Mass. population growth is tops in N.E |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/01/01/massachusetts-population-growth-rate-ahead-other-new-england-states-but-still-slow/r7PLcdbKnD9HZY3fm97XGP/story.html |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=April 26, 2015}}</ref> Population growth has been driven primarily by the relatively high quality of life and a large higher education system.<ref name=GlobeTopgrowth/> | ||
Foreign immigration is also a factor in the state's population growth, causing the state's population to continue to grow as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] (particularly in [[Massachusetts gateway cities]] where costs of living are lower).<ref name=GlobeDemographics1>{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Raja |title=State's population growth on stagnant course |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/12/22/states_population_growth_on_stagnant_course/ |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=December 22, 2006 |access-date=June 5, 2010}}</ref><ref name=USAToday1>{{cite news |last=Bayles |first=Fred |title=Minorities account for state population growth |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/ma.htm |work= | Foreign immigration is also a factor in the state's population growth, causing the state's population to continue to grow as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] (particularly in [[Massachusetts gateway cities]] where costs of living are lower).<ref name=GlobeDemographics1>{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Raja |title=State's population growth on stagnant course |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/12/22/states_population_growth_on_stagnant_course/ |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=December 22, 2006 |access-date=June 5, 2010}}</ref><ref name=USAToday1>{{cite news |last=Bayles |first=Fred |title=Minorities account for state population growth |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/ma.htm |work=USA Today |date=March 21, 2001 |access-date=June 5, 2010}}</ref> Forty percent of foreign immigrants were from [[Central America|Central]] or [[South America]], according to a 2005 Census Bureau study, with many of the remainder from [[Asia]]. Many residents who have settled in Greater Springfield claim [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] descent.<ref name=GlobeDemographics1/> Many areas of Massachusetts showed relatively stable population trends between 2000 and 2010.<ref name=USAToday1/> [[Exburb|Exurban]] Boston and coastal areas grew the most rapidly, while [[Berkshire County, Massachusetts|Berkshire County]] in far [[Western Massachusetts]] and Barnstable County on [[Cape Cod]] were the only counties to lose population as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name=USAToday1/> In 2018, The top countries of origin for Massachusetts' immigrants were [[China]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Brazil]], [[India]] and [[Haiti]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_massachusetts.pdf|title=Immigrants in Massachusetts}}</ref> | ||
By sex, 48.4% were male, and 51.6% were female in 2014. In terms of age, 79.2% were over 18 and 14.8% were over 65.<ref name=qcensus/> | By sex, 48.4% were male, and 51.6% were female in 2014. In terms of age, 79.2% were over 18 and 14.8% were over 65.<ref name=qcensus/> | ||
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[[File:Joe Kennedy III, Elizabeth Warren, Barney Frank.jpg|thumb|Boston Pride Parade, 2012. From left: Representative [[Joe Kennedy III]], Senator [[Elizabeth Warren]], and former representative [[Barney Frank]].|alt=Two older men and an older woman stand in a crowd with signs reading "Joe Kennedy for Congress".]] | [[File:Joe Kennedy III, Elizabeth Warren, Barney Frank.jpg|thumb|Boston Pride Parade, 2012. From left: Representative [[Joe Kennedy III]], Senator [[Elizabeth Warren]], and former representative [[Barney Frank]].|alt=Two older men and an older woman stand in a crowd with signs reading "Joe Kennedy for Congress".]] | ||
For more than 70 years, Massachusetts has shifted from a previously [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]-leaning state to one [[red states and blue states|largely dominated]] by Democrats; the [[United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1952|1952 victory]] of [[John F. Kennedy]] over incumbent Senator [[Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.]] is seen as a watershed moment in this transformation. His younger brother [[Ted Kennedy|Edward M. Kennedy]] held that seat until his death from a brain tumor in 2009.{{sfn|Brown|Tager|2000|p=310}} Since the 1950s, Massachusetts has gained a reputation as being a politically liberal state and is often used as an archetype of [[modern liberalism in the United States|modern liberalism]], hence the phrase "[[Massachusetts liberal]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/nation/president/2004-07-25-mass-liberal_x.htm |title=Does 'Massachusetts liberal' label still matter? |first1=Susan |last1=Page |first2=Jill |last2=Lawrence |work= | For more than 70 years, Massachusetts has shifted from a previously [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]-leaning state to one [[red states and blue states|largely dominated]] by Democrats; the [[United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1952|1952 victory]] of [[John F. Kennedy]] over incumbent Senator [[Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.]] is seen as a watershed moment in this transformation. His younger brother [[Ted Kennedy|Edward M. Kennedy]] held that seat until his death from a brain tumor in 2009.{{sfn|Brown|Tager|2000|p=310}} Since the 1950s, Massachusetts has gained a reputation as being a politically liberal state and is often used as an archetype of [[modern liberalism in the United States|modern liberalism]], hence the phrase "[[Massachusetts liberal]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/nation/president/2004-07-25-mass-liberal_x.htm |title=Does 'Massachusetts liberal' label still matter? |first1=Susan |last1=Page |first2=Jill |last2=Lawrence |work=USA Today |date=July 11, 2004 |access-date=October 17, 2009}}</ref> | ||
Massachusetts is one of the most Democratic states in the country. Democratic core concentrations are everywhere, except for a handful of Republican leaning towns in the Central and Southern parts of the state. Until recently, Republicans were dominant in the Western and Northern suburbs of Boston, however both areas heavily swung Democratic in the Trump era. The state as a whole has not given its [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] votes to a Republican in a [[United States presidential election|presidential election]] since [[Ronald Reagan]] carried it in [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]], and not a single county has voted for a Republican presidential candidate since [[1988 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1988]] . Additionally, Massachusetts provided Reagan with his smallest margins of victory in both the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]]<ref>{{cite web |title=1980 Presidential General Election Results—Massachusetts |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=25&year=1980 |publisher=[[Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections]] |access-date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> and 1984 elections.<ref>{{cite web |title=1984 Presidential General Election Results—Massachusetts |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=25&year=1984 |publisher=[[Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections]] |access-date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> Massachusetts had been the only state to vote for Democrat [[George McGovern]] in the [[1972 United States Presidential Election|1972 presidential election]]. In [[2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|2020, Biden received 65.6% of the vote]], the best performance in over 50 years for a Democrat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts Presidential Election Voting History - 270toWin |url=https://www.270towin.com/states/Massachusetts |website=270toWin.com |access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref> | Massachusetts is one of the most Democratic states in the country. Democratic core concentrations are everywhere, except for a handful of Republican leaning towns in the Central and Southern parts of the state. Until recently, Republicans were dominant in the Western and Northern suburbs of Boston, however both areas heavily swung Democratic in the Trump era. The state as a whole has not given its [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] votes to a Republican in a [[United States presidential election|presidential election]] since [[Ronald Reagan]] carried it in [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]], and not a single county has voted for a Republican presidential candidate since [[1988 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1988]] . Additionally, Massachusetts provided Reagan with his smallest margins of victory in both the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]]<ref>{{cite web |title=1980 Presidential General Election Results—Massachusetts |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=25&year=1980 |publisher=[[Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections]] |access-date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> and 1984 elections.<ref>{{cite web |title=1984 Presidential General Election Results—Massachusetts |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=25&year=1984 |publisher=[[Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections]] |access-date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> Massachusetts had been the only state to vote for Democrat [[George McGovern]] in the [[1972 United States Presidential Election|1972 presidential election]]. In [[2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|2020, Biden received 65.6% of the vote]], the best performance in over 50 years for a Democrat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts Presidential Election Voting History - 270toWin |url=https://www.270towin.com/states/Massachusetts |website=270toWin.com |access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref> | ||